RESUMEN
Aim: The study was conducted to screen the tuberose genotypes for nematode resistance and to establish histopathological, biochemical and nutritional changes in resistant/tolerant genotype against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Methodology: Twenty seven tuberose genotypes comprising of two types viz., single (18 genotypes) and double (9 genotypes) were evaluated for root knot nematode resistance. Tuberose bulbs of uniform size were surface sterilized and planted in 9 inch plastic pots and inoculated with nematode juveniles (J2) 15 days after planting. Gall Index was recorded on a 0-5 scale after 120 days of inoculation. Histopathological, biochemical (total phenols, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) and nutrient estimation studies were conducted on the roots of resistant/tolerant genotypes against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Results: Among the twenty seven tuberose genotypes screened for nematode resistance, Suarna Rekha was categorized as resistant genotype and Arka Shirngar, IIHR-2, IIHR-4, Variegated, IIHR-12, GK-T-C4, Calcutta Double, Bidhan Rajani-2 and Bidhan Rajani-3 were categorized as tolerant genotypes. Histological characterization of resistant/tolerant genotypes revealed that giant cell formation was disrupted with higher number of phenolic cells and cells with lignified cell wall that prevented the successful establishment of nematode feeding site. The resistant and tolerant genotypes significantly recorded higher accumulation of phenols and defence enzymes viz., polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (PO) and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and macro and micro nutrients as compared to susceptible genotypes. Interpretation: Screening of tuberose genotypes for root knot nematode resistance in this study has led to the identification of several nematode resistant/ tolerant genotypes. This would serve as a valuable information for the breeders to utilize resistant/ tolerant genotypes as parents in their breeding programmes.
RESUMEN
Microsponges become imperative in the field of targeted drug delivery and in other biomedical applications. There was a clamant need for designing microsponges incorporating with green synthesised metal nanoparticles rather than the chemical drug in order to reduce the side effects of the drug and thus increasing the effectiveness of nature of the whole material. It provokes us to design this novel approach of loading copper nanoparticles into the microsponges. Here in this work, microsponges based on ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol were synthesised by Quasi-Emulsion Solvent diffusion method in which copper nanoparticles procured from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract was incorporated. The Loaded microsponges were characterised by High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM) and Particle size distribution Analyzer (PSA). The Drug content and Entrapment Efficiency of the microsponges were found out. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the loaded microsponges were evaluated.