Effect of Phosphorous and Boron on Growth and Yield of Rice Bean

A field experiment titled “Effect of Phosphorus and Boron on Growth and Yield of Rice Bean” conducted during the Zaid season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of Phosphorus and Boron on the growth and yield of Rice Beans. The treatments consist of Phosphorus 20, 40, 60 kg/ha and Boron (Borax 0.01% 20 DAS, Borax 0.02% 40 DAS, and Borax 0.03% 60 DAS). The experiment was laid down in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments which are replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), and low in organic carbon (0.35%). Results obtained that the higher plant height (106.90 cm), higher number of nodules (30.94), higher number of branches (8.84) higher plant dry weight (49.25 g/plant), a higher number of pods/plant (26.25), higher number of seeds/pod (7.19), higher 1000 seed weight (58.19 g), higher seed yield (2.10 t/ha) and higher stover yield (4.66 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Phosphorus 60 kg/ha + Boron 0.03% at 60 DAS. Higher gross return (INR 1,15,500.00 /ha), higher net return (INR 84,155.70/ha) and higher B:C ratio (2.68) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Phosphorus 60 kg/ha + Boron 0.03% 60 DAS).

Effect of Iron and Boron on Growth and Yield of Foxtail Millet

The field experiment was conducted during Zaid season 2023 at experimental field of Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.62%), available nitrogen (225 kg/ha), available phosphorus (38.2 kg/ha) and available potassium (240.7 kg/ha). The experiment was laid down in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments which are replicated thrice. The experiment consists of Iron and Boron. The treatment combinations are T1: Iron 0.25% + Boron 0.25%, T2: Iron 0.25% + Boron 0.50%, T3: Iron 0.25% + Boron 0.75%, T4: Iron 0.50% + Boron 0.25%, T5: Iron 0.50% + Boron 0.50%, T6: Iron 0.50% + Boron 0.75%, T7: Iron 0.75% + Boron 0.25%, T8: Iron 0.75% + Boron 0.50%, T9: Iron 0.75% + Boron 0.75%, T10: Control (RDF 50:30:20 NPK kg/ha). Results revealed that significant and higher plant height (84.43 cm), maximum number of tillers/hill (8.60), higher plant dry weight (14.41 g), higher panicle length (15.33 cm), number of grains/ panicle (1,263.00), test weight (4.34 g), grain yield (1.99 t/ha), straw yield (3.39 t/ha), maximum gross return (INR 66,480.00), net return (INR 43,186.40) and B:C ratio (1.85) were recorded in treatment 9 [Iron 0.75% + Boron 0.75%].

Effect of Nitrogen and Boron on Growth and Yield of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)

The field experiment titled “Effect of Nitrogen and Boron on Growth and Yield of Foxtail Millet” was conducted during Zaid 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.62%), available nitrogen (225 kg/ha), available phosphorus (38.2 kg/ha) and available potassium (240.7 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments which are replicated thrice. Results obtained that significantly higher plant height (83.52 cm), plant dry weight (14.06 g), length of ear head (15.70 cm), number of grains/ear head (1,413.09), test weight (3.64 g), grain yield (1.68 t/ha), stover yield (3.88 t/ha), harvest index (33.79%) higher gross return (69,291.48 INR/ha), net return (48,099.98 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.27) were recorded in treatment 9 with the application of (Nitrogen 60 kg/ha + Boron 0.03%).

Effect of Dates of Sowing on Growth and Yield of Chickpea Varieties

The field experiment was titled “Effect of dates of sowing on growth and yield of Chickpea varieties” was conducted during rabi 2022-23, at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (UP). The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture. The experiment consists of three varieties (Himmat, Shulabh-45 and Chirag) and three different dates of sowing November 5th, November 15th and November 25th including control i.e., blanket application of 20-60-20 kg/ha of NPK (farmer's practice) which were replicated thrice. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments viz., T1: Himmat + November 5, T2: Himmat + November 15, T3: Himmat + November 25, T4: Shulabh-45 + November 5, T5: Shulabh-45 + November 15, T6: Shulabh-45 + November 25, T7: Chirag + November 5, T8: Chirag + November 15, T9: Chirag + November 25, and control plot. The results of the experiment concluded that the variety Shulabh-45 with the date of sowing on November 25th significantly increased the growth parameters viz., plant height (45.54 cm), Number of nodules per plant (31.87), Plant dry weight (20.45 g/plant), and yield parameters viz., pods per plant (35.53), seeds per pod (1.35), seed yield (3.37 t/ha) and stover yield (4.90 t/ha). This treatment also showed its positive effect on economics viz., gross returns (1,71,870 INR/ha), net returns (1,19,475 INR/ha), B:C (2.28).

Effect of Spacing and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Chickpea

The field experiment was conducted during rabi 2022-23, at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 6.9), low in organic carbon (0.32%), available N (283.93 kg/ha), available P (18.3 kg/ha) and available K (223.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments viz. T1: Spacing 20 cm x 15 cm + Uninoculated, T2: Spacing 20 cm x 15 cm + Rhizobium, T3: Spacing 20 cm x 15 cm + PSB, T4: Spacing 30 cm x 10 cm + Uninoculated, T5: Spacing 30 cm x 10 cm + Rhizobium, T6: Spacing 30 cmx 10 cm + PSB, T7: Spacing 40 cm x 10 cm + Uninoculated, T8: Spacing 40 cm x 10 cm + Rhizobium, T9: Spacing 40 cm x 10 cm + PSB and T10: Control: 100% RDF each replicated thrice. The results of the experiment obtained that application of Rhizobium (20 g/kg seeds) along with the Spacing 30cmx10cm significantly increased the growth parameters viz. plant height (46.79 cm), number of nodules (31.93/plant), plant dry weight (22.11 g/plant) and yield parameters viz. number of pods per plant (36.80), seed index (22.15 g), seed yield (3.44 t/ha) and stover yield (4.28 t/ha). This treatment also showed its positive effect on economics viz. gross returns (1,71,834 INR/ha), net returns (1,24,486 INR/ha), B:C (2.63). As the majority of Indian farmers are marginal and poor who cannot afford the use of high cost fertilizers with the result that crops are exposed to nutritional constraints. In such conditions biofertilizers can play an important role in contributing towards soil health and crop productivity. Biofertilizers are a cost effective renewable energy source that plays a crucial role in reducing inorganic fertilizer application and at the same increasing crop yield besides maintaining soil fertility. The optimum spacing for any crop means maintaining uniform and healthy crop stand so as to get optimum yield of crop. The growth and yield of crop is closely related to number of plants per unit area.

Effects of Biofertilizers and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Mustard

The field experiment titled “Effect of Biofertilizers and Phosphorous on Growth and Yield of Mustard” was conducted during Rabi 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments and control which are replicated thrice. The treatments viz T1: PSB + Phosphorus 40 kg/ha, T2: PSB + Phosphorus 50 kg/ha, T3: PSB + Phosphorus 60 kg/ha, T4: VAM + Phosphorus 40 kg/ha, T5: VAM + Phosphorus 50 kg/ha, T6: VAM + Phosphorus 60 kg/ha, T7: PSB + VAM + Phosphorus 40 kg/ha, T8: PSB + VAM + Phosphorus 50 kg/ha, T9: PSB + VAM + Phosphorus 60 kg/ha. The results obtained that growth parameters viz. plant height (180.40 cm), Number of branches (18.10), dry weight (42.01 g/plant), Significantly higher yield parameters viz. number of silique/plant (314.47), test weight (6.80 g) and number of seeds/silique (16.50). were recorded higher with the application of PSB + VAM + Phosphorus 60 kg/ha.

Influence of Dates of Sowing and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of Dates of sowing and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). A field experiment was carried out during Zaid season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The treatments consist of Dates of sowing 1stfortnight June,2ndfortnight June,1stfortnight July and Spacing of S1- 20×15cm, S2- 40×15cm, S3- 60×15cm. There were 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%) available N (163.42 kg/ha), available P (21.96 kg/ha) and available K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that the higher plant height (207.41cm), higher plant dry weight (94.86 g/plant), higher number of Grains/ear head (1588.30), higher Test weight (14.93 gm), and higher Grain yield (5.57 t/ha) yield were significantly influenced with sowing time of 2ndfortnight June along with the spacing 40×15cm.

Effect of Organic Manures and Potassium Levels on Growth and Yield Attributes of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

The field experiment was conducted during rabi 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of Organic manures and potassium on growth and yield of Pearl millet The treatment combinations were T1: FYM 5t/ha + 30 kg/ha potassium, T2: FYM 5t/ha + 40 kg/ha potassium, T3: FYM 5t/ha + 50 kg/ha potassium, T4: Vermicompost 5t/ha + 30 kg/ha potassium, T5: Vermicompost 5t/ha + 40kg/ha potassium, T6: Vermicompost 5t/ha + 50kg/ha potassium, T7: Poultry Manure 4t/ha + 30kg/ha potassium, T8: Poultry Manure 4t/ha + 40kg/ha potassium, T9: Poultry Manure 4t/ha + 50kg/ha potassium, and control plot T10:(RDF80:40:40 NPK kg/ha) . Results obtained that the plant height (168.06 cm), plant dry weight(48.87 g/plant),crop growth rate (24.0 g/m2/day), ear head length (25.07cm) number of grains/ear head (2372.69), test weight (10.92 gm), seed yield (36.90 q/ha) and stover yield (68.03 q/ha)were significantly influenced with application of Poultry Manure 4t/ha + 50 kg/ha potassium. Higher gross return (INR 86707.17/ha), higher net return (INR 58590.17/ha) and highest B:C ratio (2.08) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Poultry Manure 4t/ha + 50 kg/ha potassium).

Effect of Bio-fertilizers and Zinc Levels on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

The field experiment was carried out during rabi season 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments replicated thrice. The treatment combinations are T1:Azotobacter 25g + Zinc 0.1% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T2:Azotobacter 25g + Zinc 0.3% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T3: Azotobacter 25g + Zinc 0.5% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T4:Azospirillum 25g + Zinc 0.1% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T5:Azospirillum 25g + Zinc 0.3% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T6:Azospirillum 25g + Zinc 0.5% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T7:Azotobacter + Azospirillum 25g +Zinc 0.1% (30 DAS and 50DAS). T8:Azotobacter + Azospirillum 25g +Zinc 0.3% (30 DAS and 50 DAS) T9:Azotobacter+ Azospirillum 25g +Zinc 0.5% (30 DAS and 50 DAS), T10: Control (RDF-80-40-40 NPK kg/ha) are used. Results obtained that the higher plant height (205.06 cm), higher plant dry weight (78.17 g/plant), higher crop growth rate (37.6 g/m2 /day), higher ear head length (24.74 cm), higher grains/ear head (2212.69), higher test weight (10.29 gm), higher grain yield (34.16 q/ha) and higher stover yield (69.00 q/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Azotobacter+ Azospirillum 25g +Zinc 0.5% (30 DAS and 50 DAS). Higher gross returns (INR 96553.67/ha), higher net returns (INR 67523.67/ha) and higher B:C ratio (2.03) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Azotobacter+ Azospirillum 25g +Zinc 0.5% (30 DAS and 50 DAS).

Effect of Nano Urea and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.) under Prayagraj Condition

A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Kharif season 2022. The experiment comprised of ten treatments of different combinations of Nanourea and Zinc nutrient management replicated thrice in a Randomized Block Design. The main objective of the experiment was to evaluate the “Response of Nano urea and Zinc on growth and yield of Baby corn (Zea mays L.)” Prayagraj condition. The three level of nano urea levels N1- 1 ml/l foliar spray nano urea, N2 -2 ml/l foliar spray nano urea and N3 - 3 ml/l foliar spray nano urea. Where-as three levels of zinc include like Z1- 20 kg/ha zinc, Z2- 25 kg/ha zinc and Z3- 30 kg/ha zinc. From the present investigation it may be concluded that the profitable production of baby corn can be secured by ZnSO4 30 kg/ha + Nanourea 3 ml/lt. (T9). Highest Gross returns (92087.17 ?/ha), Net returns (61352.17 ?/ha) and B:C ratio (2.00) were recorded significantly high with the application of ZnSO4 30 kg/ha + Nano urea 3 ml/lt.

Effect of Boron and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield of Zaid Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

The experiment was conducted at crop research farm in the department of agronomy during summer season in the department of agronomy during summer season of 2022 on cowpea crop. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of Boron (0.75,1,1.25 kg/ha) and Plant Growth Regulators (GA3 30 ppm, NAA 35 ppm, ABA 40 ppm ) as a foliar spray. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized block design with 9 treatments and replicated “thrice”.0.75 kg/ha as soil application combination with 30 ppm gibberellic acid as foliar spray recorded maximum plant height (69.48cm), highest plant dry weight (22.22gm), crop growth rate (3.0g/m2/day), number of nodules/plant (24.37), test weight (85.6g), number of pods/plant (15.45), number of seeds/pod (13.57), seed yield (2.68t/ha), stover yield(6.09t/ha), harvest index (30.56%). However, relative growth rate was not influenced by the application of boron and plant growth regulators and it recorded maximum in treatment 1 (Boron 0.75 kg/ha +GA3 30 ppm) (0.1005 g/g/day). 0.75 kg/ha Boron + 30 ppm gibberellic acid as foliar spray recorded highest gross return (161,040.00 ?/ha), net return (113,394.00 ?/ha), and benefit: cost ratio (2.38).