Síndrome anti-GQ1b: Descripción de cuatro pacientes y revisión de la literatura / Anti-GQ1b syndrome: Report of four cases

Anti-GQ1b syndrome includes Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS), Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS), Bickerstaff`s brain stem encephalitis (BBE) and Acute Ophtamoplegia (AO). We report four patients aged 16 to 76 years, with anti-GQ1b syndrome. All presented with MFS, one of them evolved to GBS pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant and other to GBS with BBE. All had a previous history of diarrhea or upper respiratory tract infection. All had positive anti-GQ1b serum antibodies. Both brain magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were normal. Electrophysiology studies were compatible with a demyelinating disease. Two patients needed airway protection with an orotracheal tube and developed dysautonomia. All four patients were treated with immunomodulation. On the sixth month follow-up, patients had only minimal alterations in the neurological examination.

Etiología de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en adultos hospitalizados en Santiago, Chile: implicancias para las guías clínicas / Etiology of community acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Chile: implications for the guidelines

Background: There are a few studies examining the etiology of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chile. Aim: To evaluate the etiology of CAP in hospitalized adults. Method: We prospectively studied 130 patients (mean age +/- SD: 68 +/- 18 y.o.; overall hospital mortality: 6.2 percent), over a 16 month period. Microbiological evaluation included blood and sputum cultures for bacteria; serology for C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci and M. pneumoniae; urine antigen for L. pneumophila; and nasopharyngeal swab for respiratory viruses. Results: Etiology was identified from 64 (49 percent) patients (two or more pathogens in 6). The most frequent microorganisms were S. pneumoniae (34 percent), Parainfluenza types 1 to 3 (22 percent), Influenza A or B (14 percent ), C. pneumoniae (6 percent), M. pneumoniae (6 percent), H. influenzae (5 percent) and S. marcescens (5 percent). Twenty-five of 27 (93 percent) respiratory viruses were identified in autumn or winter. Pneumococcal pneumonia patients (19) compared to those infected with respiratory virus (23) were younger (59 +/- 18 versus 72 +/- 17 y.o.; p = 0.021) and had less comorbidities (47 versus 87 percent; p = 0.0001). No patients with bacteremia (13 of 121: 11 percent) died. Conclusions: S. pneumoniae remains the most important pathogen to cover by initial antibiotic therapy; the second most frequent etiological agents were respiratory viruses followed by "atypical pathogens". Recommendations for the management of patients infected with these two last categories of agents should be included in future national guidelines.

Fundamento: Hay escasos estudios que examinen la etiología de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en población adulta chilena. Objetivo: Identificar la etiología de la NAC en adultos inmunocompetentes hospitalizados. Método: Estudiamos, prospectiva y consecutivamente durante 16 meses, a 130 pacientes (edad promedio +/ - DS: 68 +/ - 18 años; letalidad en el hospital: 6,2 por ciento). La evaluación microbiológica incluyó cultivo de expectoración y hemocultivos para bacterias; Financiamiento: Fondo de Investigación de la Sociedad Chilena de Enfermedades Respiratorias (2002) y fondo de la Dirección de Investigación de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (DIPUC 2003/10E). Serología para C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci, M. pneumoniae; antígeno urinario para L. pneumophila e hisopado nasofaríngeo para virus respiratorios. Resultados: Se identificó la etiología en 64 (49 por ciento) pacientes (dos o más patógenos en 6). Los principales microorganismos fueron: S. pneumoniae (34 por ciento), virus Parainfluenza 1 a 3 (22 por ciento), virus Influenza A o B (14 por ciento), C. pneumoniae (6 por ciento), M. pneumoniae (6 por ciento), H. influenzae (5 por ciento) y S. marcescens (5 por ciento). El 93 por ciento (25/27) de los virus respiratorios se identificaron en otoño-invierno. Los pacientes con neumonía neumocócica (19) comparados con aquéllos infectados por virus respiratorios (23) eran más jóvenes (59 + /- 18 versus 72 +/ - 17 años; p = 0,021) y tenían menos comorbilidades (47 por ciento versus 87 por ciento; p = 0,0001). Ninguno de los 13 (11 por ciento) pacientes con bacteremia falleció en el hospital. Conclusiones: S. pneumoniae sigue siendo el principal patógeno a cubrir por el tratamiento antibiótico empírico; los virus respiratorios y los agentes atípicos fueron los que siguieron en frecuencia. Las futuras guías clínicas nacionales deberían incluir recomendaciones para el manejo de los pacientes infectados por estos dos últimos grupos de...