Bacteriemia primaria por Listeria monocytogenes en paciente con cirrosis hepática: Caso clínico / Primary Listeria monocytogenes infection in a cirrhotic woman: Report of one case

L. monocytogenes infections are infrequent. Sepsis in pregnant women and newborns and central nervous system infections in the elderly are the most common clinical manifestations. We report a 61 years old woman with diabetes Mellitus and a Child B hepatic cirrhosis, admitted for persistent fever. Blood cultures were positive for Listeria monocytogenes. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal and sterile. She was treated with ampicillin and amikacin with a good response. Control blood cultures were negative. She was discharged 14 days after in good conditions.

Serotipos y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de Streptococcus agalactiae / Serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae

Background : Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus, GBS, is the leading cause of neonatal and maternal infections and an opportunistic pathogen in adults with underlying disease. In the last decade, a dramatic increase in the resistance of this microorganism to erythromycin and clindamycin has been observed. Aim: To determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of S agalactiae collected from infections and colonization and to assess the genetic mechanisms of macrolide and clindamycin resistance. Material and methods: A total of 100 GBS isolates were collected between 1998 and 2002, in Santiago, Chile. They were isolated from the amniotic fluid from patients with premature rupture of membranes (7 isolates), blood from neonatal sepsis (10 isolates), neonate colonizations (2 strains), skin and soft tissue infections (7 isolates), urinary tract infections (5 isolates), genital infections (3 isolates), articular fluid (one isolate), and 65 strains were recovered from vaginal colonization55. Results: Serotypes Ia, II and III were the predominant serotypes identified in our study, accounting for 90 (90 percent) of the strains. Five isolates belonged to serotypes Ib (5 percent) and two (2 percent) to serotype V respectively; no strains belonging to serotype IV were found. All strains were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin and cefotaxime, and four isolates (4 percent) were resistant to both erythromycin (MIC >64 µg/ml) and clindamycin (MIC >64 µg/ml). The strains had a constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (cMLSB) resistance phenotype and the erm(A) gene was present in the four isolates. Conclusions: Serotypes Ia, II and III were the predominant serotypes in this study. All strains were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin and cefotaxime, and four (4 percent) strains were resistant to both erythromycin and clindamycin. The cMLSB resistance phenotype, and the erm(A) gene was detected in resistant strains (Rev MÚd Chile 2004; 132: 549-55).

Acinetobacter en una unidad metropolitana de neonatología: aspectos clínicos y microbiológicos / Acinetobacter in a metropolitan neonatal unit: clinical and microbiological aspects

En marzo de 1989 en la unidad de neonatología del hospital San Juan de Dios se detectó Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subespecie anitratus (ACA) en un RN con infección de la piel circundante de una herida de colostomía. Otro niño, hospitalizado en la misma sala, presentaba colonización de piel con ACA y, dado que requería tratamiento quirúrgico, recibio profilaxis con sulbactam-ampicilina antes y después de la operación. El tercer caso nació el mismo mes, era una RN muy inmadura que sufrió septicemia precoz de Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var.lwoffi susceptible a gentamicina. Tratada con este antibiótico, evolucionó satisfactoriamente. En el control microbiológico de la unidad de neonatología se pesquisó este último microorganismo en los termómetros de la sala de atención inmediata, y en las manos de una auxiliar que la atendió varias semanas, mientras la variedad anitratus había sido detectada el mes anterior en los pabellones quirúrgicos y equipos de anestesia. El control microbiológico y la aplicación en equipo de técnicas de limpieza, aislamiento y lavado de manos adecuados, evitaron probablemente un brote epidémico