Comparing the periodontal clinical effect between conventional and self-ligating brackets: systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: orthodontists constantly seek to reduce the duration of their provided treatments and the patient's time in the office. for this reason, different bracket systems are currently used in orthodontics; an example is self-ligating brackets (SLB) which are believed to offer advantages over conventional brackets (CB). objective: to evaluate and compare the clinical periodontal effect of CB and SLB through a systematic review and a meta-analysis. material and method: a search of the literature was carried out until December 2017, in the biomedical databases: PubMed, Embase, SciELO, ScienceDirect, SIGLE, LILACS, BBO, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. the selection criteria of the studies were defined as such: randomized clinical trials, up to 5 years old and that report the clinical effects (probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index and plaque index) from the use of CB and SLB. the risk of study bias was analyzed through the Cochrane Handbook of systematic reviews of interventions. results: the search strategy resulted in 12 articles, eight of which reported no difference in the reduction in probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index and plaque index (p>0.05) between CB and SLB. conclusion: the literature reviewed suggests that there are no differences in the periodontal clinical effect among patients who received orthodontic treatment with CB or SLB.

Linfoma de Burkitt en un escolar con infección perinatal por VIH lentamente progresiva / Burkitt's lymphoma in a school boy with slow progression perinatally acquired HIV

Resumen Las manifestaciones clínicas en los niños con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) de transmisión perinatal, pueden ser de inicio precoz o tardío. El linfoma asociado a VIH es una manifestación tardía que se asocia a estadios avanzados de inmunosupresión. Se presenta el caso de un escolar de 9 años con diagnóstico de novo de infección por VIH que debutó con un linfoma de Burkitt. En niños, la frecuencia de esta asociación es de 1-2% con pocos casos reportados en la literatura médica.

Children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can present early or late clinical disease. HIV-associated lymphoma is a later manifestation that is associated with advanced immunosuppression (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome -AIDS). This is a case of a 9-year-old boy with recent diagnosis of HIV with Burkitt's lymphoma as first clinical manifestation. In children, the frequency of this association is very low and there are few cases reported.

Clinical effect of platelet rich fibrin in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: There is currently no gold standard biomaterial for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects (PIDs). One of the current options is the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Objective: To determine the clinical effect of PRF in the treatment of PID through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted up to February 2017 in the following biomedical databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, SIGLE, LILACS and in the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials. The selection criteria included: randomized clinical trials published in the last 5 years, reporting clinical effects (probing depth, clinical insertion level or gingival recession), with a follow-up time equal to or greater than 6 months, and sample size larger than or equal to 10 patients reporting the use of PRF as a treatment for PID. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed using the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions as a reference. Results: The search strategy yielded 20 articles. A reduction in probing depth and an increase in clinical insertion level or a reduction in gingival recession is reported, when using PRF alone or in combination with another biomaterial or substance that stimulates tissue regeneration. Conclusion: The literature suggests that the use of PRF in the treatment of PIDs has a beneficial clinical effect when compared to control treatments.

Clinical effect of platelet rich plasma in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: One of the consequences of periodontitis is periodontal intrabony defects (PID). Various biomaterials have been used for its treatment, but there is still no biomaterial considered as the gold standard. Current research is focused on the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of PID. Objective: To determine the clinical effect of PRP in the treatment of PID through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted until February 2017 in the biomedical databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, SIGLE, LILACS, IBECS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials. The criteria for the selection of the studies, which were randomized clinical trials, were the following: articles or papers published in the last 5 years, reporting clinical effects, with a follow-up time equal to or greater than 6 months, and a sample size equal to or greater than 10 patients reporting the use of PRP as a treatment for PID. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed using the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions as a reference. Results: The search strategy yielded nine articles reporting a reduction in probing depth and gingival recession, and an increase in clinical insertion level when using PRP alone or in combination with another biomaterial. Conclusion: The reviewed literature suggests that the use of PRP in the treatment of PID has a positive clinical effect.

Eagle syndrome: a narrative review / Síndrome de Eagle: una revisión narrativa

Abstract: painful disorders in the maxillofacial region are common in dental practice. Most of these conditions are not properly diagnosed because of inadequate knowledge of craniofacial and cervico-pharyngeal syndromes such as Eagle Syndrome. The aim of this review is to describe the general aspects, diagnosis and treatment of Eagle syndrome. Eagle syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome was first described by Watt W. Eagle in 1937. It was defined as orofacial pain related to the elongation of the styloid process and ligament stylohyoid calcification. The condition is accompanied by symptoms such as dysphonia, dysphagia, sore throat, glossitis, earache, tonsillitis, facial pain, headache, pain in the temporomandibular joint and inability to perform lateral movements of the neck. Diagnosis and treatment of Eagle syndrome based on symptoms and radiographic examination of the patient will determine the need for surgical or nonsurgical treatment. Eagle syndrome is a complex disorder demanding a thorough knowledge of its signs and symptoms to make a correct diagnosis and provide an appropriate subsequent treatment. Disseminating information about this syndrome among medical-dental professionals is essential to provide adequate dental care to patients.

Resumen: en la práctica odontológica, es frecuente encontrar alteraciones con sintomatología dolorosa en la región maxilofacial, las cuales no son apropiadamente diagnosticadas, a causa del desconocimiento de síndromes craneofaciales y cervicofaríngeos, como el Síndrome de Eagle. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los aspectos generales, diagnóstico y tratamiento del Síndrome de Eagle. El Síndrome de Eagle o estilalgia es la entidad nosológica, descrita por Watt W. Eagle en 1937, definida como aquel dolor orofacial relacionado con la elongación de la apófisis estiloides y calcificación del ligamento estilohioideo; el cual está acompañado de síntomas como: disfonía, disfagia, dolor faríngeo, glositis, otalgia, tonsilitis, dolor facial, cefalea, odinofagia, dolor en la articulación temporomandibular e imposibilidad de realizar movimientos laterales del cuello. El diagnóstico y tratamiento del Síndrome de Eagle está basado en la sintomatología y el examen radiográfico del paciente, lo cual determinará el tratamiento quirúrgico o no quirúrgico. El Síndrome de Eagle es una patología compleja que requiere un conocimiento amplio de sus signos y síntomas, para establecer un correcto diagnóstico y posteriormente un adecuado tratamiento. Para ello, es necesario difundir la información sobre este síndrome entre los profesionales médico-odontológico y así brindar una atención adecuada a cada uno de los pacientes.

Dental implant survival rate in well controlled diabetic patients: a systematic review / Tasa de supervivencia de implantes dentales en pacientes diabéticos controlados: una revisión sistemática

Abstract: Background: dental implants have now become one of the most popular options for replacing a missing tooth. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease that affects a large part of the population and is generally considered an absolute or relative contraindication to implant therapy. Aim: To determine the survival rate of dental implants in controlled diabetic patients through a systematic review. Material and methods: A systematic search in Pubmed, SciELO and RedALyC databases was performed. The selection criteria were: studies published in the last 10 years, with at least 20 controlled diabetic patients, reporting survival rate and number of implants placed, with follow-up periods equal to or longer than 1 year, including a control group of healthy patients. Methodological quality was analyzed with the follwing scales: Jadad and Downs & Black’s CMQ. Results: Three articles with a follow-up period between 1 and 12 years were analyzed. The overall survival rate of dental implants in diabetic controlled patients was 97.43 percent. Conclusion: The reviewed literature suggests that survival rate of dental implants in well-controlled diabetic patients is similar to non diabetic patients.

Resumen: Antecedentes: los implantes dentales se han convertido actualmente en una de las opciones más populares para sustituir un diente perdido. Por otro lado, la diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad sistémica que afecta a gran parte de la población y es considerada generalmente una contraindicación absoluta o relativa en la terapia con implantes. Objetivo: Determinar mediante una revisión sistemática la tasa de supervivencia de implantes dentales en pacientes diabéticos controlados. Materiales y métodos: Búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos biomédicas Pubmed, SciELO y RedALyC. Los criterios de selección fueron: estudios publicados en los últimos 10 años, con al menos 20 pacientes diabéticos controlados, que reporten tasa de supervivencia y número de implantes colocados, con un seguimiento igual o superior a 1 año, con un grupo control de pacientes sanos. Se analizó la calidad metodológica de los estudios con las escalas Jadad y CMQ de Downs y Black. Resultados: Se analizaron tres artículos con un seguimiento de entre 1 y 12 años. La tasa de supervivencia global de los implantes dentales en los pacientes diabéticos controlados fue de un 97.43 por ciento. Conclusión: La literatura revisada sugiere que la supervivencia de los implantes dentales en pacientes diabéticos bien controlados es similar a pacientes no diabéticos.

Tratamiento con everolimus de astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes / Everolimus treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

El Complejo de Esclerosis Tuberosa (CET) es un desorden genético autosómico dominante, con manifestaciones multisistémicas. Una de ellas es la aparición de astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes, lesión mínimamente infiltrativa, comúnmente localizada en el ventrículo lateral y frecuentemente evidenciada clínicamente por síntomas relacionados con aumento de la presión intracraneana. La resección quirúrgica es el estándar de tratamiento, sin embargo, una nueva molécula llamada Everolimus, que bloquea mTOR, proteína intracelular responsable del crecimiento y proliferación celular, es una nueva opción terapéutica para estos pacientes, ya que conlleva menos morbilidad y mortalidad. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 4 años, 10 meses quien presento un cuadro inicial de limitación en movimientos del hemicuerpo izquierdo y en quien posteriormente se llegó al diagnóstico de astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes. Se administró tratamiento con Everolimus mostrando disminución significativa del tamaño del tumor y resolución de los síntomas.

Demographic study of two population outbreaks of Elasmoderus wagenknechti (Liebermann) (Orthoptera: Tristiridae) in the transitional desert of Chile

Under certain environmental conditions, several species of grasshoppers inhabiting rangeland areas (e.g., inter-valleys) of the Chilean transitional desert can irrupt demographically. One of them is Elasmoderus wagenknechti (Liebermann), an endemic species. We studied two outbreaks occurred in 1996 and 1999. The objectives of the research were to (i) estimate some demographic parameters associated with the aforementioned events, and (ii) compare between them the population parameters. The parameters we studied were density (ind/m²), sexual proportion, female fertility (i.e., eggs/female), and the relationship eggs/female versus female size. Density (ind/m²) ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 in 1996 and from 0.5 to 0.6 in 1999. ANOVA-tests registered differences in density among study sites and between years. In some of the study sites, females were more abundant than males (e.g., Lomas del Sauce). Females fertility ranged from 27 to 39 eggs per female, with significant differences among sites in 1996 but not in 1999. For females of 30-50 mm body size, a linear relationship was detected between egg number/female and body size. It is concluded that the E. wagenknechti outbreaks are site-specific in the study area and that the demographic parameters examined show a high variability among sites and between events.

Sob certas condições ambientais, diversas espécies de gafanhotos que habitam áreas de campos, como as áreas entre vales do deserto transicional do Chile, podem experimentar surtos populacionais. Uma dessas espécies é Elasmoderus wagenknechti (Liebermann), espécie endêmica. Nós estudamos dois surtos que ocorreram em 1996 e 1999. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram (1) estimar alguns parâmetros demográficos associados aos eventos acima indicados, e (2) comparar os parâmetros entre os eventos. Os parâmetros estudados foram densidade (indivíduos/m²), razão sexual, fertilidade da fêmea (i.e., ovos/fêmea), e a relação entre a fertilidade e o tamanho corporal da fêmea. O intervalo da densidade do evento foi estimado entre 0,2 e 0,4 indivíduos/m² em 1996, e entre 0,5 e 0,6 indivíduos /m² em 1999. Foram encontradas diferenças (análise de variância) na densidade entre os locais para o mesmo evento, e entre os eventos. As fêmeas foram mais numerosas que os machos em alguns locais estudados (e.g., Lomas del Sauce). Foi estimado um intervalo médio de 27-39 ovos/fêmea, existindo diferenças entre os locais no evento de 1996, mas não no evento de 1999. Para fêmeas de longitude corporal de 30-35 mm. foi detectada uma relação linear entre número de ovos/fêmea e tamanho corporal. Em conclusão, a magnitude do evento na área de estudo é específica do local; além do que para os parâmetros demográficos examinados existe uma acentuada variabilidade entre locais e entre os eventos.

Metaplasia ósea como causa de infertilidad secundaria / Osseous metaplasia as a cause of secondary infertility

Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 23 años que consultó por esterilidad secundaria, dolor e hipermenorrea-menometrorragia, después de un aborto seguido de curetaje uterino. La orientación diagnóstica fue dada por la ultrasonografía y la biopsia probó la existencia de metaplasia ósea endometrial. El fragmento de tejido óseo se extrajo por aspiración con cánula de Karman y la paciente concibió en el segundo ciclo menstrual logrando embarazo a término con neonato normal

Hematocervix en paciente posmenopáusica con antecedente de electrocoagulación: caso clínico / Hematocervix in postmenopausal patient with history of electrocoagulation: case report

La colección hemática intrauterina, llamada hematometrio, no es de muy rara aparición. Sin embargo, el hematocervix es una verdadera curiosidad, con menos de diez casos reportados en la bibliografía disponible. En esta nota clínica se presenta un caso de hematocervix en una mujer posmenopáusica que usaba irregularmente terapia de sustitución hormonal, a quien previamente se le practicó electrocoagulación del cuello uterino

El círculo de la forma / The cycle of the form

Una descripción del pensamiento filosófico, biológico y fisiológico de Weizsacher acerca del fenómeno de la vida. El "círculo de la forma" (Gestaltakreis), teoría de la unidad de percepción y movimiento, como base para una nueva comprensión de las ciencias biológicas y la medicina como disciplina centrada en la integridad de psique y soma, el individuo y su biografía

Anatomía quirúrgica de la parótida / Surgical anatomy of the parotid gland

La parótida, glándula salival, considerada como anexa al aparato digestivo, es característica de los mamíferos, únicos animales que mastican sus alimentos. Esta importante glándula alberga numerosos elementos vasculares y nerviosos; pero sin duda alguna el elemento más importante lo constituye el nervio facial que se divide en un intrincado plexo que es respetado en la mayoría de tumoraciones, aunque algunas de ellas sean enormes. Su principal daño parece darse durante el acto quirúrgico. De ahí la importancia que tiene para el cirujano el conocimiento perfecto de la anatomía quirúrgica de la parótida