RESUMEN
Background: Carbon monoxide gas is odorless, colorless and toxic which are the most abundant pollutants in the lower atmosphere. Carbon monoxide poisoning is considered as one of the most common causes of mortality in Iran and Ardabil province. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of carbon monoxide gas poisoning died patients during 2008 to 2013. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, with referral to the Ardabil coroner center and poisoning ward of Imam Khomeini hospital, the statistics related to carbon monoxide poisoning died patients have been extracted and entered into the Checklists then analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS.19. Results: The number of deceased in this study was 35 people with a mean age of 33.66 ± 21.38. Of them, 19 (54.3%) were male and 16 (45.7%) were female. 85.7 percent of the deceased had been poisoned at home which from them 71.4% died before transaction to hospital. The season winter with 48.6% include the most of cases and the most common vehicle of intoxication was water heater with 48.6%. Conclusion: Carbon monoxide gas poisoning is one of the cases that causes to death of people in Ardabil every year and so promoting public awareness about risks due to Carbon monoxide could have a considerable role in the prevention of poisoning.
RESUMEN
Aim: Delivery of smoking cessation supports via primary health care settings could be an effective way to increase people access to cessation services. This study was aimed at evaluating structural characteristics of smoking cessation services established within the Iranian Primary Health care system. Materials and Methods: In order to obtain structural information about smoking cessation services, firstly a phone call was made with coordinating authorities of tobacco control programs in each university which are under supervision of Ministry of Health. Secondly, after describing the objectives of project they were asked to fill the related questionnaire. The questionnaire was available at MOH website and follow-up for its completion was done via telephone call. Results: Smoking cessation centers started their activities in 2007 and their number increased between 2008 and 2011. In all primary health centers, smoking cessation services are provided free of charge. In sixty percents of centers individual therapy was used, a combination therapy (including pharmacotherapy) is highly preferred. Nicotine patch was the most common drug which is used (62%) in smoking cessation clinics. General physicians are the main providers of smoking cessation programs in health care centers (87%). The number of smoking cessation centers in primary health care system decreased during years of 2011(89 centers) and 2012(79 centers) compare with 158 centers in 2010. There isn’t national quit line in Iran. Conclusion: This study shows smoking cessation programs provided in primary health care system in Iran. The present study gathered useful and updated information on structural of smoking cessation services in Iran’s primary health care system.