Frequent HTLV-1 infection in the offspring of Peruvian women with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis or strongyloidiasis

OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of HTLV-1 infection among offspring of mothers who had presented with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), strongyloidiasis, or asymptomatic HTLV-1 infection, and to identify factors associated with HTLV-1 infection. METHODS: In a descriptive study, records were reviewed of HTLV-1-positive women and their offspring who had been tested for HTLV infection at a public hospital in Lima, Peru, from 1989 to 2003. Sons and daughters of women who had presented with strongyloidiasis, HAM/TSP, or asymptomatic infection were eligible for this study. RESULTS: Three hundred seventy subjects were included: 279 were the offspring of 104 mothers presenting with HAM/TSP, 58 were the offspring of 22 mothers with strongyloidiasis, and 33 were the offspring of 26 asymptomatic mothers. Mean age of the offspring at the time of testing was 26 years (standard deviation 12). Nineteen percent of the offspring tested positive for HTLV-1: 6 percent (2/33) of those with asymptomatic mothers, 19 percent (52/279) among the offspring of mothers with HAM/TSP, and 31 percent (18/58) among the offspring of mothers presenting with strongyloidiasis On multiple logistic regression analysis, three factors were significantly associated with HTLV-1: (a) duration of breast-feeding (odds ratio [OR] = 15.1; [4.2-54.1] for 12 to 24 months versus less than 6 months breast-feeding); (b) clinical condition of the mother (OR = 8.3 [1.0-65.3] for HAM/TSP and OR = 11.5 [1.4-98.4] for strongyloidiasis in comparison with offspring of asymptomatic mothers); and (c) transfusion history (OR = 5.5 [2.0-15.2]). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to known risk factors for HTLV-1 transmission (duration of breast-feeding and history of blood transfusion), maternal HAM/TSP and strongyloidiasis were associated with seropositivity among offspring of HTLV-1-infected mothers.

OBJETIVOS: Describir la frecuencia de la infección por HTLV-1 en los hijos e hijas de madres diagnosticadas con mielopatía/paraparesia espástica tropical asociada con el HTLV-1 (M/PET-HTLV-1), estrongiloidiasis o infección asintomática por HTLV-1, e identificar los factores asociados con la infección por HTLV-1. MÉTODOS: Para este estudio descriptivo se revisaron los registros de mujeres positivas a HTLV-1 y de sus hijos evaluados con pruebas para la infección por HTLV en un hospital público de Lima, Perú, entre 1989 y 2003. Eran elegibles para este estudio los hijos y las hijas de las mujeres que se presentaron con estrongiloidiasis, M/PET-HTLV-1 o infección asintomática. RESULTADOS: En el estudio participaron 370 personas: 279 hijos de 104 madres con M/PET-HTLV-1, 58 hijos de 22 madres con estrongiloidiasis y 33 hijos de 26 madres asintomáticas. La edad promedio de los participantes en el momento de su prueba para HTLV era de 26 años (desviación estándar: 12 años). De las personas estudiadas, 19 por ciento resultaron positivas a la infección por HTLV-1: 6 por ciento (2/33) de los hijos de madres asintomáticas, 19 por ciento (52/279) de los hijos de madres con M/PET-HTLV-1 y 31 por ciento (18/58) de los hijos de madres con estrongiloidiasis. Según el análisis de regresión logística múltiple, tres factores se asociaron significativamente con la infección por HTLV-1: a) duración de la lactancia materna por 12_24 meses (razón de posibilidades [odds ratio, OR] = 15,1; intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento [IC95 por ciento]: 4,2 a 54,1, frente a la lactancia materna por menos de 6 meses); b) que la madre presentara M/PET-HTLV-1 o estrongiloidiasis (OR = 8,3; IC95 por ciento: 1,0 a 65,3 y OR = 11,5; IC95 por ciento: 1,4 a 98,4, respectivamente, en comparación con los hijos de madres asintomáticas); y c) los antecedentes de haber recibido una transfusión sanguínea (OR = 5,5; IC95 por ciento: 2,0 a 15,2). CONCLUSIONES: Además de los factores...

Western blot seroindeterminate individuals for Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) in Fortaleza (Brazil): a serological and molecular diagnostic and epidemiological approach

How to handle Western blot (WB) seroindeterminate individuals for Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) constitutes a challenge for blood banks and fam ilies. We made a cross-sectional study of 191 enzyme linked immunoassay (EIA) reactive individuals from the hematological center (HEMOCE) of Fortaleza (Brazil), examining their serological (WB) and molecular (PCR) diagnosis, and demographic profiles, as well as a possible association of their condition with other infectious pathologies and risk factors. Ethical institutional approval and personal consent were obtained. Out of 191 EIA reactive individuals, 118 were WB seroindeterminate and 73 were seropositive for HTLV-1/2. In the PCR analysis of 41 WB seroindeterminate individuals, 9 (22 percent) were positive and 32 (78 percent) were negative for HTLV-1/2. The demographic analysis indicated a trend towards a predominance of males among the seroindeterminate individuals and females in the seropositive ones. The seroindeterminate individuals were younger than the seropositive ones. We did not find any association of these conditions with syphilis, Chagas disease or HIV or hepatitis, and with risk factors such as breast-feeding, blood transfusion, STD (syphilis) and IDU