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@#To characterize the production and larvicidal activity of Xenorhabdus stockiae KUT6 Petroleum ether extracts from Luria Broth and induced Quorum sensing medium containing N-3- oxododecanoyl Homoserine Lactone inducer against dengue vector Aedes aegypti. The Galleria mellonella larvae were reared for the isolation of Steinernema saimkayi symbiont Xenorhabdus stockiae KUT6 from Cucumber field soil sample in NBTA. Then for the extraction of compounds the KUT6 strains were cultured in Luria Broth and Quorum Sensing optimized media using N-3-oxododecanoyl homoserine lactone inducer. The larvicidal activity of Xenorhabdus stockiae KUT6 of petroleum ether extracts were bioassayed against 4th instar Aedes aegypti dengue vector. The maximum rate of mortality were recorded of the samples A-24h, B-48h, C-72h, A1-24h, B1-48h, C1-72h at different concentrations 50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml and 150 µg/ml respectively for 24h to 72h of exposure treatment. The morphological characteristics of Xenorhabdus stockiae KUT6 in NBTA were red core colonies with blue background surrounded by zone of inhibition. After 24h exposure maximum rate of 100% mortality of Aedes aegypti 4th instar larvae was attained when treated with sample C1-72h 50 µg/ml of the petroleum ether extracts of quorum sensed medium whereas the sample C 72h petroleum ether extracts of KUT6 cultured in Luria broth recorded 100% mortality at 150 µg on 24h exposure indicates enhancement in the product yield. The study assures the use of Xenorhabdus stockiae KUT6 petroleum ether extracts as biocontrol agent could be beneficial for the control of dengue vectors.
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Introduction: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has its wide range of uses in dentistry most commonly as an aid in preoperative planning of dental implant treatment. However, in order to determine the best application of CBCT in dentistry, it is necessary to analyze the accuracy of data obtained related to distance measurements. The present in-vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of radiographic linear measurements on CBCT images by comparing them to direct measurements in human dry mandibles. Materials and methods: Ten human dentulous dry mandibles were selected for the study. Four anatomical sites (Site A, B, C, and D) with two anatomical reference points for each site were selected on dry mandibles for measurement. The reference points were made as 3 mm depressions on the mandible with Marathon micromotor hand piece and diamond bur. These depressions were filled by guttapercha. All the selected mandibles were scanned using Sorodex Cranex 3Dx CBCT Machine. After the CBCT scan was obtained, the direct measurements at each site were recorded using digital vernier calipers with an accuracy of 0.01mm. Results: Comparison of CBCT measurements with direct measurements at 4 anatomical sites revealed no statistical difference (p value >0.05). Correlation of CBCT measurements with direct measurements revealed strong correlation at site site A (0.965), site B (r=0.899), D (r=0.975) and moderate correlation at site C (r=0.571). Conclusion: According to present study, CBCT technique can be recommended for linear measurements in the mandible.
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Background: Digital Lateral Cephalograms are the most commonly used radiographs for evaluating morphological variations of soft palate. It is a relatively inexpensive method and provides a good assessment of the soft-tissue elements that define the soft palate and its surrounding structures. The present study was conducted to investigate the morphological variations of the soft palate and influence of age on it. Materials and methods: The present study consisted of 150 digital cephalograms of subjects aged between 20 to 60 years taken from the department of oral medicine and radiology, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad. The subjects were categorized into five groups, group A: 20- 30 years, group B: 31- 40 years, group C: 41- 50 years, group D: 51- 60 years and group E: 61- 70 years. Digital lateral cephalograms were obtained and analyzed to categorize the soft palate into six morphological types, based on the classification by You, et al. Results: Type 1: leaf shaped soft palate was the most common type, type 4 and 6 varieties were the least common among all age groups. Type 5: S-shaped soft palate was found in considerable proportions among all the age groups (6.7% - 25.8%). There was no significant correlation found between the different age groups and the type of soft palate. Conclusion: Radiographic analysis of morphological variations of soft palate can help us better understand the velar morphology and may assist in success of surgical procedures aimed for correcting deformities of soft palate.
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Background: Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels. This biological process lays an important role in embryonic development. Ceropegia pusilla (Asclepiadaceae) used in folk medicine system to treat various health problems. Present work deals with the analysis of antioxidant and antiangiogenic properties of in vivo and in vitro tuber extracts of C. pusilla by Chicken Egg Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay (CAM) in vivo. Methods: C. pusilla tubers of both in vivo and in vitro were extracted with ethanol and methanol. In vivo anti angiogenesis effect was studied by Chicken Egg Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay. The antioxidant properties were analysed using 1, -diphenyl-2- picryl- hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay and reducing power activity. Result: Ethanolic extract of both in vivo and in vitro tuber showed higher angiogenic activities 58.3±13.6 and 43.2±12.2 respectively than the methanolic extract. The average number of vessels in in vivo and in vitro ethanolic extracts treated CAM was 6.48 and 5.43. In vivo and in vitro extracts exhibits comparable DPPH radical scavenging activity and better reducing power activity. Conclusion: C. pusilla tuber extracts of both in vivo and in vitro inhibited angiogenesis by blocking normal vascularisation in chick embryo and also having better DPPH and reducing power activity.