RESUMEN
Purpose: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of repeat trabeculectomy augmented with risk factor adjusted mitomycin C (MMC) exposure in eyes with previous failed trabeculectomy. Methods: Case records of 38 eyes of 37 patients with previous failed filter who underwent repeat trabeculectomy with MMC were reviewed retrospectively. Main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, requirement of anti-glaucoma medications, postoperative complications, and surgical success (defined as IOP of ?21 mmHg and >5 mmHg along with 20% reduction from preoperative IOP with or without adjuvant medications) at 1-year postoperatively. Statistical analysis was done using the STATA 14.1 (Texas, USA). Results: Patient's mean age was 46.41 (±20.43) years and the mean preoperative IOP was 32.73 (±9.26) mmHg which reduced to 16.22 (±7.08) mmHg postoperatively at 12 months (P < 0.001). Mean number of anti-glaucoma medications reduced from 2.76 (±0.83) preoperatively to 1.89 (±0.95) postoperatively (P < 0.001). Surgical success was observed in 81.1% at 1 year (n = 30). Eyes that received MMC >3 min had a postoperative mean IOP of 12.50 (±3.23) mmHg compared to 23.08 (±7.19) mmHg with MMC <3 min (P < 0.001). Seven eyes (18.4%) developed postoperative complications, and all were seen in eyes that received MMC >3 min (P = 0.033). Conclusion: Repeat trabeculectomy with MMC, used in higher concentration and exposure time altered according to individual risk factor plays a crucial role in the success and hence it could be considered as a viable option before planning a tube surgery.
RESUMEN
Diabetes mellitus is an emerging non communicable, life style disease. The aim was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic outpatients and monitor the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with anti-diabetic therapy
RESUMEN
Designing of drugs and their development are a time and resource consuming process. There is an increasing effort to introduce the role of computational approach to chemical and biological space in order to organise the design and development of drugs and their optimisation. The role of Computer Aided Drug Designing (CADD) are nowadays expressed in Nanotechnology, Molecular biology, Biochemistry etc. It is a diverse discipline where various forms of applied and basic researches are interlinked with each other. Computer aided or in Silico drug designing is required to detect hits and leads. Optimise/ alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity profile and prevent safety issues. Some commonly used computational approaches include ligand-based drug design, structure-based drug design, and quantitative structure-activity and quantitative structure-property relationships. In today's world, due to an avid interest of regulatory agencies and, even pharmaceutical companies in advancing drug discovery and development process by computational means, it is expected that its power will grow as technology continues to evolve. The main purpose of this review article is to give a brief glimpse about the role Computer Aided Drug Design has played in modern medical science and the scope it carries in the near future, in the service of designing newer drugs along with lesser expenditure of time and money
RESUMEN
Background: Prevalence of COPD and resistance towards drugs available for its treatment are increasing day by day. Objectives: To assess the impact of socio-economic status, rural background and gender on the prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Methods: This observational, prospective, open study was conducted in the Department of Chest & TB Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. A total of 250 patients were included in the study over a period of 1 year of mild to very severe stage of COPD according to GOLD guidelines for COPD 2011. Impact of rural background, household medium of cooking food, male: female ratio of disease occurrence, and patient’s socio-economic status were evaluated using modified kuppuswami grading. Results: In the rural population 100 patients out of 215 patients were males and 115 patients were females showing the rising trend of COPD in females of rural background and using biomass combustion and kerosene stove as the medium for cooking food, moreover most of the patients were living in the overcrowding. According to modified kuppuswami classification of socio-economic status, 170 patients were in the lower lower class, and 45 patients were in lower middle class socio-economic status in the rural background. Conclusion: Highest prevalence of COPD was seen in 51-60 years age group and among the patients of rural background with 215 patients (86%) affected with COPD out of 250 patients. With modified kuppuswami grading of Socio-economic status (SES), we found out that maximum patients in the rural background were from lower lower class SES thus signifying that poor socio-economic status can be a link to COPD.