Antibiotic Prophylaxis Before Invasive Dental Procedures for Patients atHigh Risk of Infective Endocarditis - A Systematic Review

Background: Clinical use of antibiotics prophylaxis (AP) for preventing infective endocarditis (IE) after invasive dental procedures is controversial. Expert consensus guidelines are inconsistent, either restricting its use to high?risk individuals or advising its use again. Objectives: To determine whether there is a genuine need for AP to prevent IE in high?risk patients undergoing invasive dental procedures. Methods: Online search was performed on PubMed, Science Direct, British Dental Journal and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: Seventeen (17) clinical trials were included in the final analysis recruiting 2,410 patients (AP = 1,366; placebo = 1,044). Bacteraemia was detected in 302 AP patients (22.1%) and 362 placebo patients (34.7%). AP reduced the risk of bacteraemia by 49% (risk ratio: 0.51; 95% CI; 0.45 to 0.58; P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Although using AP for IE may be pragmatic and justified for high?risk patients undergoing invasive dental procedures, the evidence is inconclusive because post?procedural bacteraemia may not be a good surrogate marker for IE. Moreover, trials investigating the direct association between AP and IE are lacking due to low disease prevalence and high?cost challenges

Fibro-epithelial Polyp - Report of Two Cases with Literature Review.

Irritation fibroma or traumatic fibroma is a common sub-mucosal response to trauma from teeth or dental prosthesis presenting as a painless, sessile or occasionally pedunculated swelling that can be firm and resilient or soft and spongy in consistency. It rarely occurs before the fourth decade and shows no preference for either sex. Its occurrence corresponds with intraoral areas that are prone to trauma such as the tongue, buccal mucosa and labial mucosa. As the lesion occurs due to continuous trauma and irritation, it important to remove the source of the irritation and then treat it by conservative surgical excision otherwise it will recur.

Extravasated Mucocele On Lower Lip- A Case Report.

Mucoceles can appear as Extravasation or Retention type. Lower lip is the most common site for Extravasation type. Mucoceles are usually painless but sometimes they may cause difficulty in speaking and chewing. Their sudden appearance often makes the patients anxious. Simple surgical excision when done with care is the best treatment alternative that can relieve the patients fear and anxiety. Here we present a case report of 19-year-old boy with mucocele of extravasation type on lower lip treated with surgical excision.

Riga Fede Disease : A Case Report.

The natal and neonatal teeth have been reported to cause ulceration on the ventral surface of the tongue in neonates and infants, which may affect the child’s feeding habits. This appearance was described by Riga and Fede and hence been termed as Riga-Fede disease. We present a case report of a 3month old male infant presenting with a neonatal tooth in the lower jaw and ulcerated ventral surface of the tongue causing difficulty in feeding.

Hypoglossia Type 1A: Report of a case and review of literature with focus on clinical investigations.

Hypoglossia is a rare entity which is reported sporadically. Hypoglossia has often occurred in an association with limb anomalies and, therefore, these cases have been grouped together as hypoglossia-hypodactylia within oromandibular limb hypogenesis syndromes. The literature on this condition is reviewed, and a case of hypoglossia has also been presented. An investigative protocol to aid in the treatment planning of a patient with hypoglossia has also been suggested.

The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients visiting a dental school in Southern India.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in Manipal, Karnataka State, India. A total of 1190 subjects who visited the department of oral medicine and radiology for diagnosis of various oral complaints over a period of 3 months were interviewed and clinically examined for oral mucosal lesions. The result showed the presence of one or more mucosal lesions in (41.2%) of the population. Fordyce's condition was observed most frequently (6.55%) followed by frictional keratosis (5.79%), fissured tongue (5.71%), leukoedema (3.78%), smoker's palate (2.77%), recurrent aphthae, oral submucous fibrosis (2.01%), oral malignancies (1.76%), leukoplakia (1.59%), median rhomboid glossitis (1.50%), candidiasis (1.3%), lichen planus (1.20%), varices (1.17%), traumatic ulcer and oral hairy leukoplakia (1.008%), denture stomatitis, geographic tongue, betel chewer's mucosa and irritational fibroma (0.84%), herpes labialis, angular cheilitis (0.58%), and mucocele (0.16%). Mucosal lesions like tobacco-related lesions (leukoplakia, smoker's palate, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral malignancies) were more prevalent among men than among women. Denture stomatitis, herpes labialis, and angular cheilitis occurred more frequently in the female population.