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Interleukin-6 is produced by a variety of cell types, but the most important sources are macrophages and monocytes at inflammatory sites. IL-6 is the chief stimulator for the production of most acute-phase proteins, whereas the other implicated cytokines influence subgroups of acute-phase proteins. IL-6 stimulates the inflammatory and auto-immune processes in many diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Neuro Myelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), diabetes, atherosclerosis, depression, Alzheimer's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple myeloma, prostate cancer, Behçet's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and intracerebral hemorrhage.Hence, there is an interest in developing anti-IL-6 agents as therapy against many of these diseases. The first such is tocilizumab, which has been approved for rheumatoid arthritis. Castleman's disease and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Others are in clinical trials
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Background: Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-negative bacterium that can build strong biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces, quickly acquire drug resistance mechanisms, and cause major issues with the treatment of hospital infections. The creation of new therapeutic options has become important due to the limited supply of new antibacterial medications. One of the main sources of bioactive molecules is medicinal plants, and monolaurin is a naturally occurring substance with a variety of biological functions. In light of this, the goal of this study was to assess monolaurin's antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. Methods: Using the AutoDock programme, a docking study of monolaurin against Clf A (clumping factor A) was carried out, and Pymol software was used to evaluate the generated hydrogen bonds in the docked complex. This study demonstrates the positive potential of monolaurin as an antibacterial product and lends support to upcoming pharmacological research on this molecule with an eye toward its therapeutic use. Results: Research was done to support the theoretical absorption of monolaurin in this work and in silico. It was feasible to forecast if the monolaurin molecule may be produced as a medication based on the values of the physical-chemical parameters evaluated using the online tool Swiss ADME. Conclusion: The compound monolaurin demonstrated good receptor ClfA binding affinity with an estimated binding energy of kcal/mol. Natural anti-staphylococcal chemical monolaurin was used as a possible medicine for treating staphylococcal infections in humans by carrying out drug design studies for S. aureus.
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Background: NH affects nearly 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates during first week of life. 6.1% of well term newborn have a serum bilirubin over 12.9 mg%. Serum bilirubin over 15 mg% is found in 3% of normal term newborns. Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia (NH) is a cause of concern for the parents as well as for the paediatricians. Aim of study to find out the association between various levels of cord serum albumin (CSA) and significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring interventions like phototherapy or exchange transfusion and whether it can be used as a risk indicator for subsequent development of significant jaundice.Methods: The present study was conducted on 150 randomly selected eligible term neonates delivered at Department of Pediatrics, Rajkiya Mahila Chikitsalaya, JLN Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Ajmer, India.Results: Authors conducted a prospective study on 150sequentially born term babies. Cord blood was collected at birth and cord serum albumin estimation was done within 4-6 hours of collection of the blood. Cohort was grouped into Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 based on CSA level ≤ 2.8g/dl, 2.9-3.3g/dl and ≥ 3.4 g/dl respectively. Knowledge of risk factors of NH in neonates could influence decision of early discharge vs. prolonged observation cord serum albumin level of ≤ 2.8g/dl has a correlation with incidence of significant hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns. So this ≤ 2.8g/dl of cord serum albumin level can be used as risk indicator to predict the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia. Whereas cord serum albumin level ≥3.4g/dl is considered safe.Conclusions: Term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia with a total serum bilirubin level ≥17 mg/dl had levels of cord serum albumin of ≤ 2.8 g/dl, and this can be used as a risk indicator to predict the development of NH.
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Background: Rabies is one of the deadliest diseases of mankind, and has terrified since antiquity. It is 100 per cent fatal, however, 100% preventable. In India, rabies causes an estimated 20,565 deaths with 17.4 million exposures to animal bites, mainly dog bites, occurring every year. In India a person is bitten by an animal in every 2 seconds and someone dies from rabies every 30 second. Complete post-exposure prophylaxis is necessary among the animal bite cases for complete protection. Hence this study aims to determine the patient’s compliance for intradermal anti-rabies vaccination and also to determine the constraints for compliance.Methods: A retrospective record based study was conducted in the ARC of S.M.S.M.C, Jaipur where patients were provided intradermal rabies vaccination (updated Thai Red Cross regimen) for post-exposure prophylaxis. The records maintained at ARC-SMSMC under department of community medicine from March 2016- February 2017 were analysed. The total number of patients was 8873 from which 8590 subjects were recruited for the study after excluding category I cases, pre-exposure cases rat bite, human bite, re-exposure and pre-exposure cases. The major constraints were found out by interviewing the patient/guardian through the telephone.Results: The compliance rate for intradermal rabies vaccination (IDRV) is 81.87%. The major constraints were timings not convenient, personal or social workload, long distance from the hospital, forgotten the dates.Conclusions: The compliance rate for rabies vaccination is considerably low for this highly fatal disease. Considering these major constraint factors, the animal bite victims should be motivated effectively through health education at the time of initiation of vaccination course to attain the goal of rabies free India.
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BACKGROUND: Influenza is truly an international disease. It occurs in all countries and affects millions of people every year. The Influenza A H1N1 in humans can be a mild illness or in some people it may result in serious, even life-threatening complications such as pneumonia, acute bronchitis, worsening of chronic conditions, respiratory failure and death. OBJECTIVE:- [1]To study profile of suspected cases of H1N1 in less a more than 60 years of patients admitted in the swine flu isolation ward of tertiary care centre at S.M.S. Medical College & Attached Hospitals, jaipur, [2]To study the variation in clinical presentation if any METHODOLOGY:This was a cross sectional observational study carried out in jaipur district of Rajasthan state, India. All suspected H1N1 virus infected 150 cases admitted in the swine flu isolation ward of tertiary care centre at S.M.S. Medical College & Attached Hospitals, jaipur during the period of 1st January to 31th December,2015 after taking verbal and written consent of the patients were enrolled in study. Before conducting the study approval was obtained from institutional ethical committee for human research.Data safety and confidentiality was also given due consideration. A predesigned semi-structured Performa was used. Detailed demographic and clinical data were recorded.Data was statistically analyzed using SPSS 24 software RESULTS: Out of total 150 cases, 88(58.67%) were >60 years of age groups as compared to 62 cases (41.33%) were <60 years of age. No significant difference was observed according to gender among the groups. Males were more 1.526 times in >60 years of age group as compared to females, 1.526 (0.794 to 2.933).Slightly higher in rural area as compared to urban as Odds ratio (95% Cl)1.260(0.650 to 2.443). According to clinical features fever cough coryza, headache diarrhea were observed more in >60 years of age groups as compared to <60 years of age group. Shortness of breath was less in >60 years of age groups as compared to <60 years of age group (P=0.016S) TLC <4000, <1.4 PLT was less in >60 years of age groups as compared to <60 years of age group (14.29 % vs 85.71%) (P<0.001S). RT PCR (1=positive) was 17.33% in >60 years as compared to 82.67% in <60% years. (P<0.001S).The Wald criteria demonstrated that TLC<4000 and platelet count <1lakh The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) CONCLUSIONS: Influenza H1N1 infection was more common in older age group, more common in rural areas as compared to urban areas. During this epidemic almost 50% of H1N1 positive cases were in severe category and required ICU care and mechanical ventilation and they all had significant respiratory involvement in form of pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure with high mortality rate even at tertiary care hospital