Intraoral excision of large submental dermoid.

Sublingual dermoids are the rarest forms of craniofacial dermoids mostly seen in young individuals. Excision of large and deep submental dermoid is generally done via extraoral approach scarring the most prominent part of the face, which can lead to post operative scar hypertrophy and hyperpigmentation especially in non‑Caucasian races. Presence of such scars leads to adverse psychological effects in young individuals. Excision via intraoral route, although technically demanding, can be simplified using basic principles of plastic surgery leading to optimal aesthetic outcome with least downtime. We excised a large sublingual dermoid extending deep to the mylohyoid muscle through intraoral approach with excellent cosmetic results. Clinicians dealing with such lesions should keep these principals in their armamentarium when dealing with this rare subset of cases.

Isolation of scutellarein from pygmaeopremna herbacea roxb.

From the ethyl acetate extract of the plant Pygmaeopremna herbacea Roxb. a tetrahydroxy flavone was isolated which on the basis of spectral studies was characterized as 5,6,7,4′- tetrahydroxy flavone (Scutellarein).

Effect of pH and salinity on pathogenicity of Flavobacterium columnare and Myxobacterium sp. in Indian cat fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).

Flavobacterium columnare (FC) and Myxobacterium sp. recorded persistently associated in fish hatchery and culture system of Himalayan and Sub - Himalayan regions were found to be pathogenic. The pH and salinity played a significant role on the pathogenicity of these potent pathogens in case of Clarias batrachus and Heteropneustes fossilis. LD50 value of FC was 104.5 CFU in both the fishes and those of Myxobacterium sp it was 106 CFU ml-1 fish-1. Fish challenged with F. columnare and Myxobacterium sp. (@ 0.2 ml fish-1) individually consisting 105-6cfu ml-1 exhibited explicit symptoms of columnaris disease and marked with ulceration and saddle back lesion on the dorsal side of body. Maximum reisolation of inoculated bacteria was recorded at pH 7.0 and 7.5 and at 0.0-0.5 (F. columnare) and 0.0-1.0% (Myxobacterium sp.) salinity. Foregoing results elucidated that F. columnare was more sensitive to salinity in comparison to Myxobacterium sp. and their pathogenicity significantly (p<0.05) depends on the salinity and pH that might be one of the physical factors to control their proliferation.