RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Adolescents are more prone to develop health risk behaviors. Among these, early consumption of psychoactive drugs is relevant. AIM: To assess the association between early consumption of illicit drugs, tobacco and alcohol, suicide behaviors, risky sexual behaviors, eating habits and physical activity in school age adolescents from Valparaiso, Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The online world survey of scholar health to identify the health risk behaviors was answered by 550 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, from a public educational institution at Valparaiso, Chile. Results: Early consumption of alcohol, smoking and illicit drug use was reported by 59, 57 and 44% of respondents, respectively. The frequency of psychoactive drug consumption during the last month, risky sexual behaviors and missing breakfast was higher among those with an early onset of alcohol and illicit drug consumption and smoking. The frequency of suicidal risk behaviors and low consumption of fruits and vegetables was higher among those with an early onset of illicit drug use and smoking. A low physical activity level was associated with early smoking onset. Health risk behaviors were associated with early onset of alcohol and illicit drug consumption and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Early onset of alcohol and illicit drug consumption and smoking is associated with health risk behaviors in Chilean adolescents.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adolescente , Drogas Ilícitas , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Psicotrópicos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Chile/epidemiología , Conductas de Riesgo para la SaludRESUMEN
RESUMEN El objetivo fue analizar los cambios en el estado nutricional, presión arterial y patrones dietéticos de jóvenes evaluados durante la primera semana de inducción y seis meses posterior al ingreso a la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de una universidad pública de Valparaíso, Chile. Estudio comparativo, con diseño longitudinal de cohorte, análisis por-protocolo. Los patrones dietéticos se determinaron mediante una Encuesta de Tendencia de Consumo Cuantificado, la evaluación antropométrica incluyó mediciones estandarizadas de peso, estatura y perímetro de cintura, la composición corporal se determinó mediante impedancia bioeléctrica, y la presión arterial con esfigmomanómetro digital. Las mediciones se realizaron al inicio y término del primer semestre de 2017 (n= 76). En ambos sexos se observó una ganancia significativa de peso corporal, IMC, masa grasa e incremento de la presión arterial sistólica, además en hombres aumentó el perímetro de cintura y la presión arterial diastólica (p<0,05). Los hombres disminuyeron significativamente el consumo de lácteos (-43,1%) y aumentaron el consumo de carnes procesadas y comida rápida (40,6%), en cambio las mujeres disminuyeron significativamente el consumo de bebidas y refrescos (-58,0%) y de alimentos con cafeína (-54,1%). No hubo cambios en el consumo de energía y macronutrientes, sin embargo, un alto porcentaje presentó un consumo deficiente de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados ω-3, fibra dietética, ciertas vitaminas y minerales, y principalmente excesivo en ácidos grasos saturados, fósforo y sodio. Se identificaron cambios negativos en el estado nutricional, presión arterial y en los patrones dietéticos posterior al ingreso a la educación superior.
ABSTRACT The objective was to analyze the changes in nutritional status, blood pressure and dietary patterns, of young people evaluated during their induction week and six months after being admitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences of a public university in Valparaiso, Chile. This was a comparative study, with a longitudinal cohort, per-protocol analysis. Anthropometric evaluation included standardized measures of weight, height and waist circumference. Body composition was determined through bioelectrical impedance, and blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer. Dietary patterns were determined through a survey of quantified consumption trends. Measurements were taken at the beginning (n= 139) and end of the first term in 2017 (n=76). In both sexes, significant increases in body weight, BMI, fat mass and systolic blood pressure were observed. Furthermore, in men, increases in waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05) were observed. Men significantly decreased their dairy consumption (-43.1%) and increased their consumption of processed meats and fast-food (40.6%). Conversely, women significantly decreased their soft drink consumption (-58.0%) and caffeinated products (-54.1%). No changes in energy and macronutrient consumption were observed. A high percentage of the participants presented a deficient consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3, dietary fiber, and certain vitamins and minerals. They also presented excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids, phosphorus and sodium. Negative changes were identified in nutritional state, blood pressure and dietary patterns when admitted in tertiary education.
RESUMEN
Los comportamientos de riesgo para la salud tienen implicaciones en amplios aspectos del individuo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo (CAR) y consumo de tabaco, alcohol y marihuana en estudiantes universitarios de Chile según el género. Después de obtener consentimiento informado se realizó un estudio transversal y analítico, el cual incluyó a 1,087 universitarios de primer año con edad promedio 18.8 años. Se utilizó el Youth Risk Behavior Survey autoaplicado en línea para evaluar los comportamientos de riesgo para la salud. Las mujeres presentaron mayor prevalencia que los hombres en CAR y los hombres en consumo de alcohol y marihuana. Los resultados de las regresiones logísticas mostraron que en mujeres existen diferencias significativas entre quienes presentaron CAR y no, en la mitad de los comportamientos de uso de tabaco, alcohol y marihuana. En hombres sólo un comportamiento se asoció con CAR. En ambos géneros los tamaños de efecto fueron pequeños. En las mujeres los hallazgos confirman estudios previos y en hombres el tamaño de la muestra no permite observar adecuadamente la relación entre CAR y consumo de tabaco, alcohol y marihuana.
Health-Risk Behaviors has implications for broader aspects of the people. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between Risk Eating Behaviors (REB) and tobacco, alcohol and marijuana consumption by gender among Chilean university students. After obtaining informed consent, a cross-sectional analytical study, which included 1087 college freshmen, mean age 18.8 years was conducted. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey was online self-applied to evaluate the Health-Risk Behavior. The REB were higher among women, while alcohol and marijuana consumption in men. Regression analysis yielded a model that shows significant higher risk in women who reported Risk Eating Behaviors and those who not, in the half of the behaviors of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana. In men only one behavior was associated with Risk Eating Behaviors. In both genders the effect sizes were small. Those findings confirmed that in women the findings confirm previous studies but in men the size of the sample did not permit adequately observe the relation between eating risk behavior and consumption of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana.