Chemical and antimicrobial studies on the essential oil from Salvia santolinifolia Boiss

In view of the reputation of genus Salvia in folklore medicine and its abundance in our region, the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from S. santolinifolia Boiss was analyzed. Chemical analysis, using gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, retention indices and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has resulted in identification of 116 constituents, comprising about 97% of the total constituents. Out of these 116, 78 constituents are hitherto unreported from this source. The species belongs to alpha-pinene chemotype. In antibacterial assay, gram negative gastropathogens [Shigella boydii, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae. Vibrio cholera]; causative agent of urinary tract infection [Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris] and pneumonia [Klebsiella pneumoniae] were found sensitive to this essential oil while Corynebacteria species and Staphylococcus epidermidis were significantly inhibited in antibacterial assay against gram positive bacteria. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol was used for determining antimicrobial activity. Thus the essential oil from this species can be utilized as potential chemotherapeutic agent

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis of cichorium intybus seeds extract and various organic fractions

This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effectiveness of methanolic extract and different fractions [n-butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane] of C.intybus seeds. The antimicrobial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] against a panel of microorganisms [four bacterial strains, i.e. P. multocida, E. coli, B. subtilis and S. aureus and three fungal strains, i.e A. flavus, A. niger and R. solani]. The results indicated that seeds extract and fractions of C. intybus showed moderate activity as antibacterial agent. While Antifungal activity of C. intybus seeds extract/fractions was very low against A. flavus and A. niger while mild against R. solani. The C.intybus seeds extract/fractions contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents [50.8-285 GAE mg/100g of Dry plant matter] and total flavonoid contents [43.3-150 CE mg/100g of Dry plant matter]. The C. intybus seed extract/fractions also exhibited good DPPH radical scavenging activity, with IC[50] ranging from 21.28-72.14 micro g/mL. Of the C .intybus seeds solvent extract/fractions tested, 100% methanolic extract and ethylacetate fraction exhibited the maximum antioxidant activity. The results of the present investigation demonstrated significant [p < 0.01] variations in the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of C. intybus seeds solvent extract/fractions

Preparation of new formulations of perfumes and their persistency

Sweat is released from the glands to cool down the body temperature by thermoregulation. By the bacterial action this sweat produces smell which may become intolerable for the person himself and also for the surrounding people. This study is related to the formation of samples of perfumes to cope with the discussed problem. Four samples were prepared and their quantitative analysis was performed for their respective odour value and period of sensation

Preparation of new formulations of balm as a remedy of flu and their efficacy

Influenza, called the flu, is an acute, highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract, which commonly occurs in children or adults of any age mostly in the winter. In the present study three new formulations of petroleum jelly and essential oils based balm were prepared for the treatment of flu and their efficacy was studied on different age group people i.e. infants, adults, and old age. Results showed that the prepared balms not only gave relief from headache, fever, cough etc., but also they reduced the intensity of viral infection

Phytochemistry of the genus asparagus

A comprehensive review on the genus Asparagus which covers the period till 1994. The review also includes the significance of saponins as this genus is rich in saponins

NMR spectral data of triterpenoidal saponins isolated from Gualacum officinale linn [Zygophyllaceae]

The NMR spectral data of 24 naturally occurring triterpenoidal saponins isolated from Guaiacum officinale [Zygophyllaceae] and published uptill 1991 are reviewed. These saponins are arranged with respect to their aglycone moieties and then by their number of sugar units