Association between sedentary behaviors with cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function among adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between sedentary behavior with cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in adolescents, and to provide some references for sedentary behavior prevention and executive function improvement.@*Methods@#From September to December 2022, a total of 5 018 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years were selected by stratified random sampling method in Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan,Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi to conduct physical activity survey, as well as cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function assessment. Pearson s correlation was used to analyze the relationship between sedentary behavior, cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function. The mediation effect model was fitted by the bootstrap mediation procedure in the PROCESS (version 3.3 ) SPSS macro compiled by Haves, and the mediation effect of adolescents cardiorespiratory fitness in the relationship between static behavior and executive function was examined using model 4 in the PROCESS SPSS macro, where Boosrap method was used to compute the mediation effect of adolescents cardiorespiratory fitness. where the Boosrap method was used to calculate confidence intervals for the mediating effects.@*Results@#Adolescents daily sedentary time was positively correlated with both the refreshing function (1-back and 2-back) and the switch function reaction time ( r =0.05, 0.07, 0.05, P <0.01). Adolescent VO 2max was negatively correlated with both the refreshing function (1-back,2-back) and the switching function ( r =-0.09, -0.14 , -0.11, P <0.01). Adolescents daily sedentary time was negatively correlated with VO 2max ( r =-0.04, P <0.01); cardiorespiratory fitness mediated effect values between sedentary behavior and refreshing function (1-back and 2-back) and converted function were 0.20(95% CI =0.06-0.36), 0.43(95% CI =0.14-0.74) and 0.13 (95% CI =0.04-0.22), with mediating effect shares of 6.87%, 8.33% and 8.59%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The duration of sedentary behavior in adolescents is related to executive function performance, and cardiorespiratory fitness may serve as a mediator to mediate the association between sedentary behavior and executive function in adolescents.

Meta-analysis of the role of fibular fixation in tibiofibular fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the role and importance of fibular fixation in tibiofibular fractures by Meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#The literature related to the comparison of the efficacy of fixation of the fibula with or without fixation on the treatment of tibiofibular fractures was searched through the databases of China Knowledge Network, Wipu, Wanfang, The Cochrane Library, Web of science and Pubmed, and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. The rates of malrotation, rotational deformity, internal/external deformity, anterior/posterior deformity, non-union, infection, secondary surgery and operative time were compared between the fibula fixation and non-fixation groups.@*RESULTS@#A total of 11 publications were included, six randomised controlled trials and five case-control trials, eight of which were of high quality. A total of 813 cases were included, of which 383 were treated with fibula fixation and 430 with unfixed fibulae.Meta-analysis results showed that fixation of the fibulae in the treatment of tibiofibular fractures reduced the rates of postoperative rotational deformity[RR=0.22, 95%CI(0.10, 0.45), P<0.000 1] and internal/external deformity[RR=0.34, 95%CI(0.14, 0.84), P=0.02] and promoted fracture healing [RR=0.76, 95%CI(0.58, 0.99), P=0.04]. In contrast, the rates of poor reduction [RR=0.48, 95% CI(0.10, 2.33), P=0.36], anterior/posterior deformity[RR=1.50, 95%CI(0.76, 2.96), P=0.24], infection[RR=1.43, 95%CI(0.76, 2.72), P=0.27], secondary surgery[RR=1.32, 95%CI(0.82, 2.11), P=0.25], and operative time[MD=10.21, 95%CI(-17.79, 38.21), P=0.47] were not statistically significant (P>0.05) for comparison.@*CONCLUSION@#Simultaneous fixation of the tibia and fibula is clinically more effective in the treatment of tibiofibular fractures.

Distribution characteristics of plasma renin concentration in patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To analyze the distribution characteristics of plasma renin concentration (PRC) in patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and its impact on diagnosis.Methods:In this retrospective case series, clinical data from 200 patients with APA (80 men and 120 women; mean age 45.6 years) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2013 to January 2022 were evaluated. PRC was determined by automated chemiluminescence immunoassay. The distribution characteristics of PRC were analyzed, and 8.2 mU/L was used as the low renin cutoff to evaluate whether renin was suppressed.Results:The median PRC was 1.6 mU/L (range, 0.4-41.5 mU/L). There were 116 patients with APA with PRC of ≤2 mU/L, 41 patients with 2<PRC≤4 mU/L. PRC was not suppressed (PRC>8.2 mU/L) in 8.0% (16/200) of the patients with APA. And PRC was not suppressed in 2.5% (5/200) of the patients with APA, resulting in a primary aldosteronism negative screening outcome.Conclusions:Although most patients with APA have low PRC, there are a small number (8%) of patients whose PRC has not been fully suppressed, which can lead to missed diagnoses during primary aldosteronism screening. While primary aldosteronism is highly suspected, further investigations are required to determine the diagnosis, even if PRC is not fully suppressed at screening.

Diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space derived intracerebral glymphatic system circulatory function on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a follow-up study for curative effect / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of curative effect in neuromyelitis spectrum disease (NMOSD) based on circulatory function evaluation of intracerebral glymphatic system by using diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space.Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 23 patients diagnosed with NMOSD at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from March 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The clinical data included expanded disability status scale (EDSS), average relapse rate (ARR) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness at baseline and 1 year follow-up after treatment. Among the 23 NMOSD patients, there were 22 females and 1 male, aged from 21 to 71 (45±13) years old. All the patients underwent MR scans at both baseline and 1 year after treatment, and the scanning sequences included cerebral 3D-T 1WI, T 2WI, diffusion tensor imaging and cervical spinal sagittal 3D-T 2WI, and the cervical spinal cord volume and bilateral diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space index (ALPS index) were calculated. The partial correlation test was used to analyze the correlations between ALPS index and the clinical indicators such as EDSS, ARR, and bilateral RNFL, with the control variables as gender, age, years of education and course of disease. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the independent predictors for ALPS index and EDSS after treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of NMOSD treatment outcome by using ALPS index. Results:When controlling for gender, age, years of education and course of disease, there were significant negative correlations between right ALPS index and EDSS ( r=-0.50, P=0.048), bilateral average ALPS index and EDSS ( r=-0.53, P=0.034), left ALPS index and ARR ( r=-0.58, P=0.018), while there was significant positive correlations between right ALPS index and RNFL ( r=0.88, P=0.008) at 1 year follow-up after treatment. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that cervical spinal cord volume was an independent impact factor of bilateral average ALPS indexes (β=0.24, 95%CI 0.10-0.38, P=0.002), and bilateral average ALPS indexes (β=-3.22, 95%CI -5.97--0.48, P=0.024) and right RNFL (β=-0.05, 95%CI -0.08--0.02, P=0.002) at baseline were the independent impact factors of EDSS after treatment. ROC curve analysis showed that the bilateral average ALPS index at baseline had the best efficacy in predicting the curative effect of NMOSD patients with AUC=0.92. Conclusions:After treatment, NMOSD patients with severe clinical disability, high frequency of disease attack, poor visual performance, and severe cervical spinal cord atrophy have more serious impairment of intracerebral glymphatic system circulatory function. The ALPS index could help in predicting the clinical curative effect of NMOSD patients.

Research progress of evaluation tools for sexual health care of nurses in oncology department / 中国实用护理杂志

This paper introduces the concepts related to sexual health and sexual health care, summarizes the contents, application scope and limitations of sexual health care assessment tools for oncology nurses at home and abroad, analyzes the problems existing in the assessment tools and puts forward suggestions, aiming at providing theoretical reference for the localization development of sexual health care assessment tools and the development of sexual health care.

Construction of the content index of "Introduction to Sexual Science" as an elective course for nursing master based on Delphi method / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To combine sexology with nursing teaching organically, and construct the content index of the elective course Introduction to Sexology for nursing master, so as to provide reference for promoting the construction of new medical education in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. The elective course content of Introduction to Sexual Science for Master of Nursing was preliminarily drawn up through literature analysis,by consulting the literature and materials. From June to October in 2021, by using Delphi method, 20 sexual science experts from 9 provinces and municipalities with relevant experience in master′s teaching were interviewed for two rounds. After statistical processing, the course content indicators were selected according to the importance assignment, coefficient of variation, full score rate and recognition rate of the indicators, and the course content indicators were determined.Results:The positive coefficients of experts in two rounds of correspondence were 83.33% and 100.00% respectively, the authoritative coefficients of experts were 0.818 and 0.815 respectively, and Kendall's harmonious coefficients were 0.137 and 0.403 respectively. The course content of "Introduction to Sexual Science" was composed of 11 first-level indicators and 46 second-level indicators. Its importance value was 4.15-5.00, the coefficient of variation was 0.000-0.136, the full score rate was 20.00%-100.00%, and the recognition rate was 95.00%-100.00%.Conclusion:The course content of "Introduction to Sexual Science" for nursing postgraduates constructed in this study takes the knowledge of sexual psychology and sociology as the core, pays attention to the cultivation of sexual values, combines theoretical knowledge of sexual medicine with clinical practice ability, and has high enthusiasm and authority of experts and good coordination of opinions. It is of positive significance to supplement the lack of sexual health courses for nursing postgraduates and cultivate nursing postgraduates with certain sexual health care literacy.

Preliminary study on excitation, detection and identification of parathyroid glands autofluorescence using fluorescence laparoscopic system / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the excitation and identification of parathyroid autofluorescence in thyroid surgery by a fluorescence laparoscopic system.Methods:The clinical data of 6 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent Laparoscopic thyroid surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022 were collected. The autofluorescence of the parathyroid glands was detected and identified by the OptoMedic fluorescence laparoscopic system during the operation. A rapid frozen sections pathological examination of possible parathyroid tissue with autofluorescence was performed to determine whether it was parathyroid tissue.Results:Parathyroid autofluorescence with different intensities was visualized intraoperatively in all 6 patients, and it was confirmed as parathyroid tissue by rapid frozen pathological section.Conclusions:The parathyroid gland has a unique autofluorescence feature. Using this feature to identify, locate and protect the parathyroid gland during surgery can help reduce the complications of parathyroid injury.

Application and prospect of drug discrimination in field of drug abuse / 中国药理学通报

Drug discrimination is a behavioral pharmacological technique to study the discriminative stimulus effects of drug. Currently drug discrimination has been widely used in preclinical drug development of CNS drugs, the most extensive of which is psychodependent research in the field of drug abuse. This review describes in general the basic principles of drug discrimination, preliminarily elaborates on the relevant characteristics and applications of the subjective effects, time-course effect, stereo specificity, individual differences, and receptor mechanisms, and its development prospects for hallucinogens and cannabis drugs are also presented.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis uncovers the origin and intratumoral heterogeneity of parotid pleomorphic adenoma / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumour in the salivary gland and has high morphological complexity. However, the origin and intratumoral heterogeneity of PA are largely unknown. Here, we constructed a comprehensive atlas of PA at single-cell resolution and showed that PA exhibited five tumour subpopulations, three recapitulating the epithelial states of the normal parotid gland, and two PA-specific epithelial cell (PASE) populations unique to tumours. Then, six subgroups of PASE cells were identified, which varied in epithelium, bone, immune, metabolism, stemness and cell cycle signatures. Moreover, we revealed that CD36+ myoepithelial cells were the tumour-initiating cells (TICs) in PA, and were dominated by the PI3K-AKT pathway. Targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway significantly inhibited CD36+ myoepithelial cell-derived tumour spheres and the growth of PA organoids. Our results provide new insights into the diversity and origin of PA, offering an important clinical implication for targeting the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway in PA treatment.

Progress in research of prophylactic therapy in contacts of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients / 中华流行病学杂志

Tuberculosis (TB) prophylactic therapy for latent infection, which can reduce the risk for the development of active TB, is an important measure in TB control. China recommends prophylactic therapy for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in some key populations to reduce the risk for TB. Contacts of patients with multi-drug and rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) are at high risk for the infection with drug-resistant pathogen, however, no unified prophylactic therapy regimen has been recommended for LTBI due to exposure to MDR/RR-TB patients. This paper summarizes the current MDR/RR-TB prophylactic therapy regimen and its protection effect based on the results of the retrieval of literature, guidelines, expert consensus and technical specifications to provide reference for the prevention and control of LTBI.

Study on the relationship between body image disturbance and depression and anxiety symptoms in pregnant women： a scoping review / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundPsychological problems such as depression and anxiety are common in pregnant women， and many studies have found that body image disturbance is closely related to depression and anxiety symptoms. Still， there is large variability in previous findings. ObjectiveTo review the researches on the relation of body image disturbance to depression and anxiety in pregnant women， and to provide a reference for interventions targeting maternal body image disturbance and depression and anxiety symptoms. MethodsOn January 10， 2023， well qualified literature focusing on the relationship between body image disturbance and depression and anxiety symptoms in pregnant women were searched in PubMed， Embase， CINAHL， Web of Science， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP databases， Wanfang Data Database and China Biology Medicine disc （CBMdisc） from inception to January 1， 2023. The research content， factors influencing body image disturbance and relevant findings were extracted and summarized for analysis. ResultsA total of 14 articles were included in this review. The body image disturbance in pregnant women was manifested predominantly by an excessive concern about body weight and shape， and was affected by demographic characteristics， sociocultural factors， obstetric factors and other factors. Furthermore， body image disturbance significantly predicted the occurrence of depression， and proved a close relationship with anxiety symptoms. ConclusionBody image disturbance seriously affects the physical functioning and psychological status of pregnant women and may further exacerbate the symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Expert consensus on late stage of critical care management / 中华内科杂志

We wished to establish an expert consensus on late stage of critical care (CC) management. The panel comprised 13 experts in CC medicine. Each statement was assessed based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) principle. Then, the Delphi method was adopted by 17 experts to reassess the following 28 statements. (1) ESCAPE has evolved from a strategy of delirium management to a strategy of late stage of CC management. (2) The new version of ESCAPE is a strategy for optimizing treatment and comprehensive care of critically ill patients (CIPs) after the rescue period, including early mobilization, early rehabilitation, nutritional support, sleep management, mental assessment, cognitive-function training, emotional support, and optimizing sedation and analgesia. (3) Disease assessment to determine the starting point of early mobilization, early rehabilitation, and early enteral nutrition. (4) Early mobilization has synergistic effects upon the recovery of organ function. (5) Early functional exercise and rehabilitation are important means to promote CIP recovery, and gives them a sense of future prospects. (6) Timely start of enteral nutrition is conducive to early mobilization and early rehabilitation. (7) The spontaneous breathing test should be started as soon as possible, and a weaning plan should be selected step-by-step. (8) The waking process of CIPs should be realized in a planned and purposeful way. (9) Establishment of a sleep-wake rhythm is the key to sleep management in post-CC management. (10) The spontaneous awakening trial, spontaneous breathing trial, and sleep management should be carried out together. (11) The depth of sedation should be adjusted dynamically in the late stage of CC period. (12) Standardized sedation assessment is the premise of rational sedation. (13) Appropriate sedative drugs should be selected according to the objectives of sedation and drug characteristics. (14) A goal-directed minimization strategy for sedation should be implemented. (15) The principle of analgesia must be mastered first. (16) Subjective assessment is preferred for analgesia assessment. (17) Opioid-based analgesic strategies should be selected step-by-step according to the characteristics of different drugs. (18) There must be rational use of non-opioid analgesics and non-drug-based analgesic measures. (19) Pay attention to evaluation of the psychological status of CIPs. (20) Cognitive function in CIPs cannot be ignored. (21) Delirium management should be based on non-drug-based measures and rational use of drugs. (22) Reset treatment can be considered for severe delirium. (23) Psychological assessment should be conducted as early as possible to screen-out high-risk groups with post-traumatic stress disorder. (24) Emotional support, flexible visiting, and environment management are important components of humanistic management in the intensive care unit (ICU). (25) Emotional support from medical teams and families should be promoted through"ICU diaries"and other forms. (26) Environmental management should be carried out by enriching environmental content, limiting environmental interference, and optimizing the environmental atmosphere. (27) Reasonable promotion of flexible visitation should be done on the basis of prevention of nosocomial infection. (28) ESCAPE is an excellent project for late stage of CC management.

Effects of aquatic exercise on lipid metabolism, body composition and peripheral blood Irisin level in obese middle school boys / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore effects of aquatic exercise on lipid metabolism, body composition and peripheral blood Irisin level in obese middle school students, so as to provide reference for exercise and weight loss practice of obese children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Twenty six male students, recruited to participate in the summer youth swimming(weight loss) camp in Rudong County Jiangsu Province, were divided into non obese( n =12) and obese ( n =14) group. And t test method was applied for a statistical analysis of their ipid metabolism, body composition and peripheral blood irisin level before and after 8 week aquatic exercise.@*Results@#The high density lipoprotein cholesferol(HDL-C) in the obese group was significantly lower than nonobese group, which were (1.34±0.12) mmol/L and (1.51±0.21) ng/mL, respectively, and the differences were of statistical significance( t=2.81, 6.39 , 8.96, 12.69, -2.72 , P <0.05). After intervention, body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass(FM), body fat percentage(BF%) of obese male middle school students decreased from (77.31±8.26)kg, (28.02±1.67)kg/m 2, (25.16±3.59)kg and (32.65±3.90)% to (72.37±7.19)kg, (26.15±1.21)kg/m 2, (21.71±2.66)kg and (30.14±3.61)%，muscle mass(MM) increased from (25.09±3.41)kg to (26.76±3.55)kg. TC, TG, LDL-C contents decreased from (4.69±0.48, 1.31±0.26, 2.74±0.42)mmol/L to (4.28±0.42, 1.14±0.14, 2.36±0.36)mmol/L, HDL-C increased from (1.34±0.12)mmol/L to (1.47±0.11)mmol/L, and serum Irisin concentrations lowered from (192.17±23.27) ng/mL to (164.15±21.69)ng/mL of obese male middle school students. Serum Irisin concentrations of the obese positively related to BMI( r =0.68), FM( r =0.87) and BF( r =0.64), as well as TC( r =0.61), TG( r =0.86), LDL-C( r =0.85), but negatively associated with HDL-C( r =-0.63). A positive relations existed between different value of serum Irisin concentrations and BMI, FM before and after intervention of obese students( r =0.58, 0.53)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Obese middle school students may be resistant to Irisin. 8 weeks of aquatic exercise can improve fat metabolism, body composition and serum Irisin levels of obese junior middle school students effectively. The qualified obese children and adolescents can use aquatic exercise as an intervention measure to control body weight reasonably and improve lipid metabolism.

Development and verification of an indirect ELISA method for determination of specific IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 variant strain in rhesus monkey serum / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To develop and verify an indirect ELISA method for determination of specific IgG antibody of rhesus monkey serum against SARS-CoV-2 variant strain. Methods An indirect ELISA method for the determination of specific IgG antibody was developed using inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant strain inactivated vaccine as coating antigen,and optimized for the coating antigen concentration(1,2 and 4 μg/mL),dilution of serum(1∶800～1∶12 800),blocking solution(PBST containing 1% BSA,2% BSA,1% skim milk,2% skim milk and 1% BSA + 1% skim milk),blocking time(30,60 and 90 min),dilution of secondary antibody(1∶5 000,1∶10 000,1∶15 000 and 1∶20 000),incubation time of serum and secondary antibody(30,60 and 90 min),and TMB reaction time(5,10,15,20,25 and 30 min). 60 negative serum samples of rhesus monkeys were detected by the developed method,and the negative and positive critical values were determined. The sensitivity and precision of the methodology were verified. In addition,the specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant strain in 44 serum samples of rhesus monkey were detected by the developed method and microneutralization method,and the correlation and consistency between the two methods were compared. Results The optimum detection conditions were determined:the coating antigen concentration was 1 μg/mL;the blocking solution was PBST containing 1% skim milk,and the blocking time was 30 min;the serum samples to be tested were diluted to 1∶1 600 and incubated for 90 min,and the secondary antibody was diluted to 1∶10 000 and incubated for 30 min;the color development time of substrate was 25 min. The positive critical value and negative critical value of the method was 0. 093 and 0. 084 respectively,and the detection values between them were judged as suspicious. The dilution of5 positive serum samples that showed positive results was 1∶51 200;the coefficients of variation(CVs)of precision were all less than 15%. There was a strong correlation between IgG antibody titer and neutralizing antibody level in the 44 rhesus monkey serum samples(r = 0. 858 0,P < 0. 000 1);the total coincidence rate of the two methods was 90. 9%,the positive coincidence rate was 93. 6%,and the negative coincidence rate was 84. 6%;the consistency test Kappa value was 0. 783 8(95% CI:0. 586 5～0. 981 0). Conclusion The developed indirect ELISA method for eletermination of specific IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant strain in rhesus monkey serum has good sensitivity and precision,and has strong consistency with microneutralization method,which can be used for the determination of IgG antibody in rhesus monkey serum.

Mechanisms mediating the inhibitory effects of quercetin against phthalates-induced testicular oxidative damage in rats / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of quercetin against testicular oxidative damage induced by a mixture of 3 commonly used phthalates (MPEs) in rats.@*METHODS@#Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, MPEs exposure group, and MPEs with low-, median- and high-dose quercetin treatment groups. For MPEs exposure, the rats were subjected to intragastric administration of MPEs at the daily dose of 900 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days; Quercetin treatments were administered in the same manner at the daily dose of 10, 30, and 90 mg/kg. After the treatments, serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testicular malondialdeyhde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected, and testicular pathologies of the rats were observed with HE staining. The expressions of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH2 associated protein 1 (Keap1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the testis were detected using immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the rats with MPEs exposure showed significant reductions of the anogenital distance, weight of the testis and epididymis, and the coefficients of the testis and epididymis with lowered serum testosterone, LH and FSH levels (P < 0.05). Testicular histological examination revealed atrophy of the seminiferous tubules, spermatogenic arrest, and hyperplasia of the Leydig cells in MPEs-exposed rats. MPEs exposure also caused significant increments of testicular Nrf2, MDA, SOD, CAT and HO-1 expressions and lowered testicular Keap1 expression (P < 0.05). Treatment with quercetin at the median and high doses significantly ameliorated the pathological changes induced by MPEs exposure (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Quercetin treatment inhibits MPEs-induced oxidative testicular damage in rats possibly by direct scavenging of free radicals to lower testicular oxidative stress and restore the regulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Fluid?attenuated inversion recovery diffusion?weighted imaging (DWI) for evaluating chemotherapy response in patients with acute leukemia: Comparison with conventional DWI

Background: At present, the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of acute leukemia (AL) are assessed by bone marrow aspiration, which is invasive and subject to sampling errors. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop a noninvasive and accurate imaging method to evaluate bone marrow changes in patients with AL. This study aimed to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained from fluid?attenuated inversion recovery diffusion?weighted imaging (FLAIR?DWI) and conventional DWI in the lumbar bone marrow of patients with AL and to investigate their performance for evaluating response to induction chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 28 patients with newly diagnosed AL and 25 patients with AL after induction chemotherapy underwent MRI scans at 1.5 Tesla using a conventional DWI and a FLAIR?DWI sequence on sagittal planes covering the lumbar bone marrow. Further, the ADC values from these two sequences, denoted as ADCCON and ADCFLAIR, were measured on multiple vertebrae. The percentage of leukemia cells in bone marrow was recorded, and bone marrow aspiration was performed on treated patients to determine complete remission (CR) and nonremission (NR). Results: ADCFLAIR [(0.453 ± 0.103) × 10?3 mm2/s] was significantly lower than ADCCON [(0.486 ± 0.096) × 10?3 mm2/s] in the 28 untreated patients (t = 3.051, P = 0.005). In the 25 treated patients, ADCFLAIR and ADCCON values [(0.566 ± 0.239) × 10?3 mm2/s] and [(0.716 ± 0.235) × 10?3 mm2/s], respectively, were higher compared with the untreated patients. The ADCCON values showed a nonsignificant difference between the CR (n = 18) and NR (n = 7) groups (t = 1.409, P = 0.305). However, the ADCFLAIR values exhibited statistically significant difference (t = 2.542, P = 0.018) between the two groups. In a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) using ADCFLAIR (0.770) was larger than that of ADCCON (0.611) in distinguishing the CR and NR patients following the chemotherapy. Conclusion: Although both ADCCON and ADCFLAIR are sensitive to tissue changes induced by chemotherapy, FLAIR?DWI outperformed conventional DWI in separating AL patients with CR from NR after chemotherapy. A possible mechanism is that FLAIR?DWI suppresses signals from free water, making the ADC measurement more sensitive to structural changes in the bone marrow

Controversy and consensus of laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

In recent years, the detection rate of early gastric cancer in China has increased. Early gastric cancer has a good prognosis, and how to further improve the postoperative quality of life for patients has become an increasingly concerned problem in the treatment of early gastric cancer. Therefore, function preserving gastrectomy has emerged. Function preserving gastrectomy aims to reduce the resection scope and preserve part of the gastric function on the premise of radical tumor resection. As a representative of function preserving gastrectomy, pylorus-preserving gastrec-tomy is suitable for early gastric cancer in middle segment. Compared with distal gastrectomy, laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy not only has the advantage of less trauma, but also can reduce the incidence of postoperative dumping syndrome, bile reflux gastritis and gallstones, and improve postoperative nutritional status. However, the practice of pylorus-preserving gastrectomy is still in controversial. Based on the new Japanese guidelines for the treatment of gastric cancer, and combined with the latest domestic and foreign research trends and relevant evidence-based medicine basis, the authors review the definition and indications, safety, advantages, technical points, digestive tract reconstruction methods, postoperative complications and other aspects of laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy.

Research progress in trauma registration system / 中华创伤杂志

Trauma registration is an important tool to record the process and timeline in the treatment of trauma patients. The operation of trauma database is of great significance for reducing the mortality of patients, promoting the construction of trauma treatment system, and providing reference for policy-making. Trauma registration system has been established in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and other developed countries for many years. However, the domestic system is still at an initial stage, and there are problems like data deficiencies, data incoherence, no item of complications, no treatment data after discharge and limits of human and financial resources. Therefore, there is room for improvements in terms of personnel fixation, financial support and continuous data monitoring should be further improved. In this study, the authors summarize the traum registration system from aspects of basic situation both at home and abroad, data analysis, clinical value, operation mechanism and challenges so as to provide important data for clinical researches.

The diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography and conventional imaging in pancreatic occupying lesions / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To compare the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with conventional imaging in pancreatic occupying lesions so as to provide guidance for the diagnosis of pancreatic occupying lesions. 【Methods】 We selected patients who underwent EUS in the Digestive Endoscopy Room of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from September 2012 to December 2019 and were strictly screened by ultrasound endoscopists and diagnosed as pancreatic space-occupying lesions as the study subjects, and collected routine imaging examination results and related information and data of the patients (age, gender, tumor markers, blood amylase, urine amylase, and serum lipase) at the same time. We compared the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EUS and conventional imaging methods in the diagnosis of pancreatic space-occupying lesions, and evaluated their diagnostic value. 【Results】 A total of 188 cases were included, with more male ones than female ones. The age of patients in the tumor group was higher than that in the non-tumor group, and the levels of tumor markers serum CA-199 and CEA were significantly higher than those in the non-tumor group. The diagnostic sensitivity of pancreatic space-occupying lesions supported EUS (95.5%), which was significantly better than that of transabdominal ultrasound (54.4%), plain CT (57.1%), enhanced CT (75%), MRI (66.7%), PET-CT (72.7%) and other conventional imaging examination methods. The diagnostic accuracy of pancreatic space-occupying lesions supported EUS (91.5%), better than transabdominal ultrasound (58.3%), plain CT (57.1%), enhanced CT (74.6%), MRI (62.5%), and PET-CT (66.7%). The negative predictive value of the diagnosis of pancreatic space-occupying lesions supported EUS (76.7%), better than transabdominal ultrasound (27.9%), plain CT (22.9%), and enhanced CT (38.1%). 【Conclusion】 In the diagnosis of pancreatic space-occupying lesions, EUS is significantly better than conventional imaging methods such as transabdominal ultrasound, plain CT, enhanced CT, MRI, and PET-CT, and the negative predictive value of EUS is significantly better than that of transabdominal ultrasound, plain CT and enhanced CT.

Research Progress on Mechanical Loading Model of Periodontium / 医用生物力学

Periodontium is mechanoresponsive to multiple types of mechanical stimuli like occlusal and orthodontic force and reacts quickly. It is widely used as the loading subject in researches regarding dental mechanical force models both in vivo and in vitro. This review summarized various animal models and cell culture loading methods (including static gravity approach, centrifugation approach, vibration approach, cyclical tension approach, fluid flow approach),as well as parameters for periodontium in recent years, so as to provide references for the study of periodontal mechanoresponsive mechanism and the development of new clinical therapies.