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Background and aims: Knowledge of anatomical variations in lung morphology is not only of academic interestbut is essential during surgery and also while interpreting various radiological images. The present study wasundertaken with the aim to observe the variations of lung morphology.Materials and Methods: The shape of the lungs, variations of fissures, lobes and hilar structures were studied in42 right and 37 left isolated lungs.Results: Unusual shape was seen in 4 lungs. Among the right lungs, oblique fissure was incomplete in 42.86% andabsent in 7.14% and horizontal fissure was incomplete in 61.90% and absent in 19.05%. Inferior accessoryfissure (IAF) was present in 21.43% and superior accessory fissure (SAF) in 7.14%. Usual right hilar architecturehaving a pulmonary artery with 2 pulmonary veins and 2 bronchi was not seen in any case however, the usualarchitecture with a superior lobar artery was seen in 28.57% cases. Among the left lungs, oblique fissure wasincomplete in 40.54% and absent in 2.70%. Horizontal fissure was present in 24.32%, left minor fissure (LMF) in29.73%, inferior accessory fissure (IAF) in 43.24% and superior accessory fissure (SAF) in 2.70%. Usual left hilararchitecture having a pulmonary artery, 2 pulmonary veins and a bronchus was seen in 54.06%.Conclusion: The knowledge of variations in the lung morphology observed in this study will be of academicinterest and also useful for diagnostic and clinical management of pulmonary and even cardiac cases
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Background: Spleen is a large encapsulated mass of vascular and lymphoid tissue. Clinically, study of spleen isimportant in immunological and haematological disorders. The purpose of the study is to analyse themorphological variations of spleen and to compare them with previous studies.Materials and methods: The present study was carried out with 35 spleens at the Department of Anatomy,Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur and the various morphological variationswere observed.Results: Out of the 35 spleens studied, 6 spleens were tetrahedral, 12 spleens were triangular, 15 spleens werewedge shaped and 2 spleens were oval shaped. The mean length was 10.91cm, the mean breadth was 6.7cm andthe mean width was 4.9cm.Conclusions: 35 normal spleens were studied and their shapes, lengths, breadths, widths were analysed
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Background: Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract due topersistence of omphalomesentric duct and it can present diagnostic and surgical challenges. The aim of thisstudy is to find out the incidence of Meckel’s diverticulum among the cadavers of Indian origin and to observe itsgross and microscopic features.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 45 Indian cadavers (38 males & 7 females) in the Departmentof Anatomy, JNIMS, Imphal, from 2010-2017. The incidence of Meckel’s diverticulum was determined and itsgross and histological features were observed.Results: Meckel’s diverticulum was observed in 2.22% of the cases. It was 4 cm in length, 2cm in breadth and itstip was free without any connection with the umbilicus. Histologically, the tissue showed features similar toileum.Conclusion: An adequate knowledge of embryological, pathological, radiological and clinical characteristics ofMeckel’s diverticulum and so also of its incidence in a particular population is essential for the early andaccurate diagnosis and effective surgical management of complicated cases.
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Background: The biceps brachii is one of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the upper arm. It is characteristically described as a two-headed muscle that originates proximally by a long head and a short head. The present study was carried out to find the occurrence of a third head of biceps brachii among a sample Indian population. Materials and Methods: The arms of 35 adult cadavers were dissected and observed for variations in the origin and insertion of biceps brachii muscle bilaterally. Results: Among the 70 arms studied, three had 3-headed biceps brachii, 2 on the left and 1 on the right side. All the third heads were of humeral origin, which inserted into the radial tuberosity by a common tendon with the long and short heads. Conclusion: Knowledge of the existence of the third head of biceps brachii may enhance pre-operative evaluation, facilitate surgical intervention within the arm and improve postoperative outcomes.