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ObjectiveTo explore the impact of autonomic nerve function on motor function in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD) from the perspective of regional homogeneity (ReHo). MethodsFrom January to December, 2020, a total of 60 inpatients and outpatients with cerebral infarction in the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were divided into control group (n = 30) and PSD group (n = 30). Two groups were assessed using Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured. Ten patients in each group were selected randomly to undergo resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to calculate ReHo. ResultsAll HRV indices were lower in PSD group than in the control group (|t| > 2.092, P < 0.05). In PSD group, FMA and MBI scores showed positive correlations with 24-hour standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN), the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats over 24 hours (RMSSD), the percentage of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals over 24 hours that were greater than 50 ms (PNN50), total power (TP), very low frequency power (VLF) and low frequency power (LF) (r > 0.394, P < 0.05), and showed negative correlations with HAMD scores (|r| > 0.919, P < 0.001). HAMD scores in PSD group were negatively correlated with SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50, TP and VLF (|r| > 0.769, P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the ReHo increased in PSD group in the right rectus gyrus (142 voxels, t = 6.575), the left medial and paracingulate gyri (204 voxels, t = 4.925) (GRF correction, P-Voxel < 0.005，P-Cluster < 0.05); and reduced in the right cerebellum (191 voxels, t = -6.487), the left middle temporal gyrus (140 voxels, t = -5.516), and the left precentral gyrus (119 voxels, t = -4.764) (GRF correction, P-Voxel < 0.005，P-Cluster < 0.05) in PSD group. ConclusionAutonomic nerve function is related to motor dysfunction in patients with PSD. The modulation of emotional, cognitive and motor brain regions by the autonomic nervous system may play a role in influencing the motor function in patients with PSD.
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Berberine (BBR) is the main pharmacological active ingredient of Coptidis, which has hypoglycemic effect, but its clinical application is limited due to its poor oral bioavailability. Polyphenols, derived from cinnamon, are beneficial for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The combination of both may have an additive effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of combined medication in diabetic rats. The modeling rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (berberine group, cinnamon group, combined group, metformin group, diabetic control group) and normal control group. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (approval number: HMUIRB2022003). The subjects were given orally, and the control group was given equal volume solvent and body weight was measured weekly. Thirty days after administration, oral glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity test were performed, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum protein (GSP), and serum insulin (INS) levels were detected; high-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect intestinal microbiota structure; real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) expression levels. The results showed that, compared with the diabetic control group, the levels of FBG (P < 0.01) and GSP (P < 0.01) in the combined group were lower, and the insulin resistance was improved, which was better than that in the berberine group. Combined treatment increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Prevotella and Lactobacillus, reversed the decrease in Lactobacillus in the berberine alone induction group, and the combination of the two could promote the expression of TGR5 and GLP-1. In summary, the combined application of cinnamon and berberine can regulate glucose metabolism better than the application of berberine alone. Berberine combined with cinnamon can improve the function of pancreatic islet β cells in diabetes mellitus type 2 rats by changing the intestinal microbiota, increasing the expression of TGR5 and GLP-1 proteins, and thereby better regulating glucose metabolism.
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Objective:To investigate applications of nonconsecutive aerobic resistance training among women with gestational diabetes mellitus, to provide reference for pregnancy health care.Methods:The convenient sampling method was adopted, a total of 110 gestational diabetes mellitus pregnant women were selected who established card and regular obstetric check-up in Zhongshan City People's Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 as the study subjects. They were divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table method, each group contained 55 cases. Both groups were given routine pregnancy health care, based on this, the control group received aerobic walking for 6 times a week, and the experimental group was implemented nonconsecutive aerobic resistance training for 6 times a week. The fasting blood glucose and 2 h postprandial blood glucose levels of the two groups were compared at the time of enrollment, the 4th week, the 8th week and the 12th week of intervention, childbirth outcome was also compared between two groups.Results:At the 8th week and the 12th week of intervention, the levels of fasting blood glucose were (5.15 ± 0.48), (4.85 ± 0.37) mmol/L in the experimental group, lower than (5.36 ± 0.46), (5.18 ± 0.48) mmol/L in the control group; at the 4th, 8th and 12th week of intervention, 2 h postprandial blood glucose levels were (6.45 ± 0.52), (6.34 ± 0.44), (6.21 ± 0.40) mmol/L in the experimental group, lower than (6.73 ± 0.56), (6.74 ± 0.48), (6.49 ± 0.45) mmol/L in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 2.19-4.30, P<0.05). The natural delivery rate in the experimental group was 85.7% (42/49), which was higher than 69.2% (36/52) in the control group; the incidence of perineal injury and respiratory distress were 12.2% (6/49) and 2.0% (1/49) in the experimental group, lower than 28.9% (15/52) and 15.4% (8/52) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 3.89, 4.22, P<0.05). Conclusions:Nonconsecutive aerobic resistance training can effectively control blood glucose, increase the natutal delivery rate and improve delivery outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Bufei Yishen prescription on airway mucus hypersecretion and Notch signaling pathway related protein Notch3 and enhancer of split homologue 1 （HES1） in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and to explore its action mechanism. MethodForty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， Bufei Yishen prescription group， and aminophylline （APL） group，with 12 rats in each group. The stable COPD rat model was established via cigarette smoking exposure combined with Klebsiella bacterial infection for 12 weeks， and the corresponding drugs （3.7 g·kg-1·d-1 Bufei Yishen prescription and 54 mg·kg-1·d-1 APL） were administered by gavage during the next eight weeks. After the last administration at week 20， the lung tissue was sampled for observing the pathological changes and the rat lung function was detected. The tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and mucoprotein 5AC （MUC5AC） in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch3， HES1， and MUC5AC in lung tissues were assayed. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited significantly weakened pulmonary function （P<0.05，P<0.01）， reduced average number of alveoli （P<0.01）， elevated mean linear intercept （P<0.01）， and up-regulated TNF-α， IL-6， and MUC5AC in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and Notch3， HES1， and MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression in lung tissue （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Bufei Yishen prescription and APL remarkably enhanced pulmonary function， alleviated its pathological injury （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and down-regulated TNF-α， IL-6， and MUC5AC in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch3， HES1， and MUC5AC in lung tissues （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionThe mechanism of Bufei Yishen prescription in inhibiting airway mucus hypersecretion of COPD rats was related to its regulation of Notch3 and HES1.
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Objective To analyze correlations of the distribution of non-segmental vitiligo lesions with gender,age of onset,duration of disease,personal and family history of autoimmune diseases,family history of vitiligo,and so on.Methods Clinical data were collected from 1 125 patients with confirmed nonsegmental vitiligo in Department of Dermatology,Beijing Hospital from January 2009 to January 2019,and analyzed retrospectively.Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 20.0 software by using independentsample t test and chi-square test.Results Of the 1 125 patients with non-segmental vitiligo,599 were males and 526 were females,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.14:1.Their age of onset was 27.9 ± 17.1 years,and duration of disease was 5.2 ± 8.0 years.Skin lesions mostly occurred on the trunk (544 cases,48.4％) and face (535 cases,47.6％),followed by acral regions (430 cases,38.2％),extremities (297 cases,26.4％) and neck (231 cases,20.5％).The perioral region (17.2％),hands (47.9％) and genital region (14.5％) in the 599 male patients were more frequently affected than those in the 526 females (9.7％,22.6％,6.3％,x2 =13.33,77.66,20.01,respectively,all P ＜ 0.001),while the neck (27.0％) was more frequently affected in the female patients than in the male patients (14.9％,x2 =25.29,P ＜ 0.001).The age of onset was significantly lower in the patients with vitiligo lesions involving the legs,knees,feet,trunk,genital and periocular regions than in those without skin lesions on the above corresponding body sites (all P ＜ 0.05),but significantly higher in the patients with vitiligo lesions involving the arms and hands than in those without lesions on the above 2 sites (both P ＜ 0.05).Vitiligo lesions more likely occurred on the hands of patients with a personal or family history of autoimmune thyroid diseases compared with those without the personal or family history (50.0％ vs.27.9％,x2 =6.62,P =0.010).The trunk was more frequently affected in the patients with a family history of vitiligo than in those without (59.6％ vs.45.7％,x2 =13.36,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The distribution of non-segmental vitiligo lesions are correlated to some extent with gender,age of onset,personal and family history of autoimmune diseases and family history of vitiligo.
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Objective To analyze special histopathological characteristics of melanocytic nevi and their associations with age,gender,anatomical locations and pathological subtypes.Methods Clinical and histopathological data were collected from 1 011 patients with melanocytic nevi,who visited Beijing Hospital from January 2005 to January 2019,and analyzed retrospectively.Statistical analysis was carried out by using chi-square test for comparing enumeration data,and t test for comparing measurement data.Results Among the 1 011 patients with melanocytic nevi,the age at the clinic visit was 40.90 + 19.19years,and there were 289 males and 722 females.Lesional (biopsy) sites included the trunk (402 cases,39.8％),face and neck (268 cases,26.5％),extremities (138 cases,13.6％),hands and feet (133 cases,13.2％),scalp (53 cases,5.2％) and vulva (17 cases,1.7％).Pathological subtypes included intradermal nevus (580 cases,57.4％),compound nevus (333 cases,32.9％) and junctional nevus (98 cases,9.7％).Among special histopathological characteristics,neuralization and adipose cell hyperplasia were observed in 172 (17.0％) and 155 (15.3％) cases respectively,and the prevalence of neuralization and adipose cell hyperplasia was significantly higher in female patients than in male patients,higher in elderly patients than in young patients,and higher on the scalp than on the other sites (all P ＜ 0.05);vascular proliferation was observed in 313 (31.0％) cases,and more commonly occurred on the scalp than on the other sites (P＜0.05);nevus cells distributed along the hair follicles/sebaceous glands were observed in 502 (49.7％)cases,and more commonly seen on the face and neck than on the other sites (P ＜ 0.05);nevus cell lysis occurred in 203 (20.1％) cases,and fissures were observed in 384 (38.0％).All the above histopathological characteristics were more frequently observed in the intradermal nevus subtype than in the compound nevus subtype (all P＜0.05).Nevus cells distributed along the blood vessels were observed in 20 (2.0％) cases,and more commonly seen on the extremities than on the trunk,hands and feet (P ＜ 0.05),as well as in the compound nevus subtype than in the intradermal nevus subtype (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There are many special histopathological characteristics in melanocytic nevi,such as neuralization,adipose cell hyperplasia,vascular proliferation,and nevus cells distributed along the hair follicles/sebaceous glands,which are associated with patients' age,gender,lesional locations and histopathological subtypes.
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Objective@#There is no effective therapy for patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Vandetanib,a novel multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has previously shown antitumor activity in phase Ⅱ studies of patients with advanced MTC. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of vandetanib on advanced MTC.@*Methods@#This study was an open, international multi-center phase Ⅲ clinical trial and the study number was NCT01298323. The single-center study was a sub-group analysis of the international study, which was conducted on 9 pathologically confirmed advanced MTC patients by Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between March 2012 and October 2017. Vandetanib (300 mg) was orally administered daily till death or withdrawal. The efficacy was evaluated according to RECIST criteria and the adverse events were evaluated according to NCI criteria.@*Results@#The objective response rate was 3/9,and the disease control rate was 4/9. The median progression-free survival was 44 months. All patients who had the elevated levels of calcitonin (CTN) and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) before treatment began to show the decreases in the level of CTN and CEA after 3 months and later showed again the increases in the levels of both tumor markers with tumor progression. By ROC curve analysis, CTN was of statistically significance(P<0.05, 95%CI 0.558-0.834), but CEA was not(P>0.05). Adverse events were generally mild (grade 1 or 2),including hypertension (9 cases),skin rash (9 cases), and diarrhea (6 cases). Two patients developed grade 3 elevation of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and one patient developed grade 3 elevation of drug-related bowel disease. No grade 4 drug-related adverse event occurred.@*Conclusions@#Vandetanib is effective and well tolerated for patients with locally advanced or metastatic MTC who have no chance for surgery. This indicates the increase of CTN is clinically relevant to disease progression, but the number of patients are extremely low, and, therefore further research is needed. Long-term use of vandetanib may cause resistance.
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Objective@#To examine the relationship between the prevalence of self-reported myopia and outdoor activities among middle school students and to explore the influence factors of the self-reported myopia.@*Methods@#A total of 12 979 participants were recruited from junior and senior middle school students in in Shenzhen, Nanchang, Zhengzhou and Shenyang by random cluster sampling method between December 2015 and March 2016. All participants completed an anonymous questionnaire to collect the information of demographic characteristics, self-reported myopia, outdoor activities, etc. 12 603 out of 12 979 copies of questionnaire were valid. The prevalence of self-reported myopia was compared among middle school students with different characteristics. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between myopia and outdoor activities.@*Results@#The prevalence of self-reported myopia among middle school students was 69.6% (8 766/12 603); which was separately 52.1% (1 216/2 335) in seventh grader, 61.6% (1 459/2 369) in eighth grader, 69.0%(1 470/2 129) in ninth grader, 80.0% (1 812/2 265) in freshmen, 79.4% (1 622/2 042) in sophomore, and 81.1%(1 187/1 463) in junior. The prevalence of self-reported myopia showed an increasing trend with the increase of grade (χ2=639.67, P<0.001). The prevalence of self-reported myopia was separately 63.5%(4 927/7 756) in non-myopic parents group, 78.0%(2 664/3 415)in either myopic parent group, and 82.1%(1 175/1 432) in both myopic parents group(χ2=328.28, P<0.001). Outdoor activities were associated with self-reported myopia. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of self-reported myopia was significantly increased by always staying at home in extracurricular time among the middle school students (OR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.36-1.82). The risk of self-reported myopia were significantly decreased by always physical exercise and recreational activities after school among middle school students: the ORs were separately 0.67 (95%CI: 0.57-0.78) for physical exercise and 0.77 (95%CI: 0.64-0.92) for recreational activities. After stratified analysis by the parents' myopia status, in non-myopic parents group, exercise and recreational activities after school among middle school students decreased the risk of myopia: the ORs were separately 0.68 (95%CI: 0.55-0.82) for physical exercise and 0.76 (95%CI: 0.61-0.95) for recreational activities; in either myopic parent group, OR(95%CI) were separately 0.65 (0.47-0.90) and 0.68 (0.47-0.98).@*Conclusion@#Outdoor activities was negatively associated with self-reported myopia among middle school students. However, the parents' myopia status may affect the protective effect.
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Objective@#The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students, and to explore its influence factors.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 24 middle schools in Shenyang, Zhengzhou and Shenzhen by purposive sampling method. In each middle school, 3 to 4 classes were selected from each grade all the students in the selected class would be recruited to the survey to investigate the demographic characteristics, neck-shoulder symptoms, physical exercise time, academic stress, screen behavior, sedentary behavior and other information by questionnaire. A total of 10 566 questionnaires were issued and 10 270 valid questionnaires were withdrawn. The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms among students were compared by different characteristics. Logistic regression models were applied to examine influencing factors associated with neck-shoulder symptoms.@*Results@#The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students was 19.2% (1 968/10 270), while it was 22.6% (1 137/5 039) among girls and 15.9% (831/5 231) among boys; the difference showed statistical significance (P<0.001). The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms was separately 13.3% (253/1 901) in seventh grade, 16.8% (326/1 942) in eighth grade, 18.5% (299/1 617) in ninth grade, 21.8% (417/1 915) in sophomore, 21.4% (345/1 611) in junior, 25.5% (328/1 284) in senior; the difference showed statistical significance (P<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in the last 3 months, students who always playing mobile phone ≥40 min continuously (OR=4.66, 95%CI: 3.95-5.49), watching TV ≥40 min continuously (OR=4.01, 95%CI: 3.39-4.73), using computer ≥40 min continuously (OR=3.61, 95%CI: 3.09-4.23), doing homework ≥60 min continuously (OR=3.25, 95%CI: 2.79-3.79), the average daily sitting time ≥10 h (OR=4.95, 95%CI: 4.25-5.77), and always sitting ≥90 min continuously (OR=5.18, 95%CI: 4.42-6.06) were risk factors of neck-shoulder symptoms.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms was high among middle school students in China, especially girls in senior grades. Long time, high frequency video behaviors and sedentary behaviors were related to the occurrence of neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students.
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BACKGROUND:The roles of osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) have arouse much attention,and its pathogenesis has been understood gradually.But there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms underlying osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis.Meanwhile,hormones have been shown to enhance the Dickkopf-1 expression in Wnt signaling pathway.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the roles of Dickkopf-1 and cell apoptosis in steroid-induced ANFH,and to understand their correlations with steroid-induced ANFH.METHODS:Necrotic femoral head samples were removed from 14 patients with steroid-induced ANFH after total hip arthroplasty (experimental group),and normal femoral heads were from 8 patients with femoral neck fracture (control group).The cellular morphology was observed using transmission electron microscope;the number of empty lacunae was counted through hematoxylin-eosin staining;the cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay;the expression level of Dickkopf-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Moreover,the correlation between the Dickkopf-1 positive rate and apoptosis index of osteocytes was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of empty lacunae,expression level of Dickkopf-1,and apoptosis index of osteocytes in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).In the experimental group,the Dickkopf-1 positive rate was positively correlated to the apoptosis index of osteocytes (r=0.623).These results indicate that Dickkopf-1 and osteocyte apoptosis both play key roles in steroid-induced ANFH,and increased Dickkopf-1 level may promote the development of ANFH.
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Objective To develop a new mPCR method for rapid diagnosis of six types of encephalitis causing viruses of HS-VI,HSVII,VZV,EBV,EV71 and CMV.Methods Six pairs of specific primers for CMV,EV71,HSV I,VZV,EBV and HSV II were designed.The mPCR detection method was established and the sensitivity was detected.In order to verify the clinical application value of their multiplex PCR system,fifteen cerebrospinal fluid specimens of clinically suspected VE from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2014 to 2015 were examined by the mPCR method.Results The 6 pairs of primers did not interfere with each other,and the sensitivity of the mPCR system was over 103copies/μl.Among 15 cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with suspected viral encephalitis,six specimens(6/15,40%)were tested positive by the mPCR.Among them,HSV I was 5 and CMV was 1.Conclusion The mPCR method for detecting six types of en-cephalitis-associated virus at same time was established with high specificity,sensitivity and stability.
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Objective To observe the effect of proximal needling at Tianzhu (BL10) plus electroacupuncture at the Balance Zone on the lower-limb motor function and walking function in cerebral stroke patients.Method A hundred cerebral stroke patients were randomized into a rehabilitation group and a proximal needling group. The rehabilitation group was intervened by balance training and conventional rehabilitation exercises; the proximal needling group was intervened by proximal needling at Tianzhu plus electroacupuncture at the Balance Zone in addition to the treatment given to the rehabilitation group. The interventions weregiven once a day, 5 times a week, successively for 4 weeks. Prior to the intervention and after 4-week treatment, the lower-limb motor function and walking function were estimated by using lower-extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), time taken for 10-meter walk, and Holden's Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC).Result After 4-week treatment, the FMA, 10-meter walk time and FAC were significantly enhanced in both groups compared to the indexes prior to the treatment (P<0.01); the FMA, 10-meter walk time and FAC in the proximal needling group were significantly superior to those in the rehabilitation group (P<0.05).Conclusion In addition to conventional rehabilitation and acupuncture, proximal needling at Tianzhuplus electroacupuncture at the Balance Zone can increasethe lower-limb motor function score and promote the activities of daily life in cerebral stroke patients; it can also strengthen the security in walking and keep the patients from falling down.
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Objective To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of skin diseases in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Clinical out patient records for both elderly and non-elderly individuals with T2DM were collected from the dermatology department of Beijing Hospital.Statistical comparisons were performed between the elderly group and the non-elderly group on the prevalence of common skin complications and disease characteristics.Analysis was performed in the elderly group to identify any association of common skin disorders with gender,age,duration of T2DM,or level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Results Among 679 elderly T2DM cases,pruritus was the most common complication (26.1％),followed by eczema (21.t ％) and tinea pedis/onychomycosis (18.3％).Pruritus was more prevalent in the elderly group (177 cases,26.1％) compared to the non-elderly group (34 cases,9.8％) (x2 =6.006,P＜0.01).On the other hand,tinea pedis/onychomycosis was less prevalent in the senior group (124 cases,18.3 ％) than in the non-senior group (112 cases,32.2 ％) (x2 =37.437,P＜0.01).In the senior group,pruritus was more prevalent among male patients (105 out of 358 cases,29.3％) than among female patients(72 out of 321 cases,22.4％) (x2 =4.181,P =0.041).On average,patients with eczema were older[(72.3 ± 2.2)years] and had a longer history of T2DM [(8.3 ± 0.3)years] compared with patients without eczema[age:(65.2±1.9)years,history of T2DM:(5.2±0.1)years] (t=1.250,P=0.023 for age;t=1.680,P=0.033 for disease duration).Patients with tinea pedis/onychomycosis had higher HbA1c levels (6.7 ± 0.4) ％ than patients without tinea pedis/onychomycosis (6.1 ± 0.3) ％ (t =0.790,P＜0.01).Conclusions Pruritus is the most common skin complication in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and is more common in elderly patients and male patients.Risk factors for developing eczema in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes may include older age and long disease duration.High levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes indicates increased risk for foot fungi infections.
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Objective To investigate clinical features and therapeutic protocols of vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome(VVGS). Methods Clinical data were collected from 11 female patients with VVGS and analyzed. Results Among the 11 patients, the mean and median ages at a definite diagnosis of VVGS were both 46 years, and the average disease duration was 4 years. Painful erosive erythema was found on the vaginal vestibule in 7 patients, on the gingiva in 10, as well as on the bilateral buccal mucosa in 5. Additionally, 8 and 4 patients reported dyspareunia and vaginal hemorrhage, respectively. Seven patients were treated with low-dose oral methylprednisolone combined with hydroxychloroquine or colchicine, and the other 4 were treated with oral hydroxychloroquine alone. Furthermore, all of the 11 patients applied topical tacrolimus 0.1%ointment. Finally, 8 patients were cured or markedly improved. No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any of the patients. Conclusions VVGS mostly occurs in middle-aged women, with the vaginal vestibule and gingiva as predilection sites of painful erythema and dyspareunia as common symptoms. Patients have good responses to methylprednisolone combined with hydroxychloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine alone also shows good efficacy in patients with mild VVGS. Tacrolimus 0.1%ointment can be one of drugs for topical maintenance treatment of VVGS.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship among childhood abuses,social support and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents,and to examine the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between childhood abuses and non-suicidal self-injury.Methods:A total of 9704 middle school students were selected from junior and senior middle schools in Zhengzhou,Guiyang city.The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF),Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Questionnaire,Social Support Scale for University Students and Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) were used to measure the different types of adverse childhood experiences,non-suicidal self-injury,social support and psychopathological status.Results:The CTQ-SF-scores were positively correlated with non-suicidal self-injury scores (r =0.20,P ＜ 0.01) and negatively correlated with social support scores (r =-0.22,P ＜ 0.01).The total scores and factor scores of social supportscale were negatively correlated with non-suicidal self-injury scores in adolescents (P ＜ 0.01).When control of the area,grade,self-reported learning burden,self-reported grades and psychological pathology symptoms,social support in childhood abuse and the relation between the suicide self-injury the mediation effect by the single factor of 17.04％ to 12.57％,the mediation effect of three subcomponents accounted for 7.12％ ～ 13.85％.Conclusion:It suggests that social support may play a mediating effect on the relationship between childhood abuses and non-suicidal selfinjury.
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Objective To study the relationship between various forms of childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors among middle school students.Methods A total of 14 221 cases were retained from an epidemiological study,involving students from junior and senior middle schools in Guangzhou,Xinxiang,Shenyang and Chongqing.Information related to the demographic characteristics,types,number,timing and perpetrators of exposure to childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors was obtained.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships of each form of childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors.Results Number of cases (rates) of childhood abuse,physical abuse,emotional abuse,sexual abuse,suicidal ideation,suicidal planning and suicidal attempts among middle school students appeared as 7 246 (51.0％),5 824 (41.0％),5 409 (38.0％),1 039 (7.3％),2 042 (14.4％),1 174 (8.3％) and 548 (3.9％),respectively.Boys reported more physical abuse than girls,while girls reported more emotional abuse and suicide ideation than boys (P＜0.01).However,no gender differences were found in cases as sexual abuse,suicide planning or attempted suicide (P＞0.01).After controlling for confounding variables,experiences on childhood abuse were significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR=2.03,95％CI:1.72-2.40) and suicidal planning (OR=1.93,95％CI:1.57-2.37) among boys but significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR=2.45,95％CI:2.12-2.82),suicidal planning (OR=2.46,95％CI:2.02-3.00) and attempted suicide (OR=2.12,95％CI:1.61-2.78) among girls.Results from multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that each type of childhood abuse,occurring at any time within the first 16 years of life,especially with continuous exposure,was significantly associated with suicidal behaviors.A significant graded-relationship was found between number of abusive childhood experiences and suicidal behaviors.Students that had been maltreated by parents or others were at high risk of engaging in suicidal behaviors.Conclusion The findings suggest that the experience of any form of childhood abuse should be considered a risk factor for suicidal behaviors among the middle school students.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Antimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidin LL-37, human beta defensin (HBD)-2, and HBD-3, are important elements of the innate immune response and involved in modulation of the adaptive immunity, and they also play an important role in cutaneous defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The fresh skin tissues and paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from three cutaneous tuberculosis, two tuberculids, and ten healthy individuals were collected. The expressions of LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-3 mRNA in the lesions of three cutaneous tuberculosis and two tuberculids were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; the protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of LL-37 mRNA and protein in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids were similar to that of normal skin. The expression of HBD-2 mRNA had an increasing trend in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids compared with that of normal skin; however, the expression of HBD-2 protein in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis had a decreasing trend compared with that of normal skin, and the expression of HBD-2 protein in the lesions of tuberculids was similar to that of normal skin. The expressions of HBD-3 mRNA and protein in lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids were similar to that of normal skin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our study indicated that the expression of HBD-2 and HBD-3 mRNA and protein in lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis may be not consistent with that of tuberculids. However, an inherent limitation of the present study was that the sample size was small, and the roles and regulation mechanisms of LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-3 in cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids need to be further investigated.</p>
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Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos , Genética , ARN Mensajero , Tuberculosis Cutánea , Metabolismo , beta-Defensinas , GenéticaRESUMEN
The efficacy of Chinese herbal formula in treating depression has been proved in many studies. In this study, six different Kaixin San formulas were compared to investigate their effects on central monoamine neurotransmitters of chronic stress rats and against depression based on their different components in plasma, in order to discuss the efficacy-comparability relationship and the possible efficacy mechanism. The classic isolation method and the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression model were combined to investigate the changes in contents in hippocampus and monoamine neurotransmitters (NE, DA, 5-HT) and the components of some formulas in plasma with HPLC and UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE methods. As a result, Dingzhi Xiaowan recorded in Essential Recipes for Emergent Use Worth A Thousand significantly increased the behavioral scores, NE and 5-HT contents in hippocampus and NE, DA and 5-HT contents in cortex, with the best anti-depressant effect. Dingzhi Xiaowan recorded in Complete Records of Ancient and Modern Medical Works showed a notable increase in sucrose preference and open field score in model rats, NE content in hippocampus and NE, DA and 5-HT contents in cortex, with a certain anti anti-depressant effect. Kaixin San recorded in Ishinpo showed remarkable rise in weight of model rats. NE content in hippocampus and DA content in cortex. Puxin Decoction recorded in A Supplement to Recipes Worth A Thousand Gold showed 5-HT content in hippocampus and DA content in cortex. Kaixin San recorded in Yimenfang only showed DA content in cortex. Kaixin Wan recorded in Essential Recipes for Emergent Use Worth A Thousand did not mention the antidepressant effect. According to the results, the formulas' different anti-depressant effects may be related to the different plasma components.
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Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Conducta Animal , Monoaminas Biogénicas , Química Encefálica , Enfermedad Crónica , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Farmacología , Medicina Tradicional China , Neurotransmisores , Norepinefrina , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Serotonina , Estrés Psicológico , MetabolismoRESUMEN
Dingzhi Xiaowan is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine in treating depression, which is a similar formula of Kaixinsan. In this research, a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS(E)) method was established to analyze the metabolites of Dingzhi Xiaowan in depressive model rat plasma, bile, urine and feces. After we established Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model rats and orally administrated Dingzhi Xiaowan, rat plasma, bile, urine and feces samples were collected and prepared. Using Waters Cortects UPLC C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.6 μm), acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid mobile phase gradient, these samples were analyzed and 33 metabolites of nine bioactive compounds were detected and tentatively identified by Metabolynx. Among the 33 metabolites, three metabolites were identified from plasma sample, three came from bile sample, and 27 metabolites were identified from urine and feces samples. This approach provided a rapid method for characterizing the metabolites of Dingzhi Xiaowan and gave the truly active structures and the action mechanism of their antidepressant effects.
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Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Bilis , Metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Depresión , Metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Metabolismo , Heces , Química , Espectrometría de Masas , Medicina Tradicional China , Extractos Vegetales , Metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Compound Tufuling Granules ([characters: see text], CTG) on regulating glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) expression in the kidney to influence the uric acid excretion by the kidney and serum uric acid (SUA) level in hyperuricemia mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty Kunming male mice were randomly divided into the control group, model group, benzbromarone group, and CTG high-, middle- and low-dose groups. The yeast extract and uricase inhibition method were used to build hyperuricemia model, and the corresponding drugs were administrated on the 7th day. On the 21st day the 24-h urine was collected, on the 22nd day the blood was collected, the SUA level was detected by uricase colorimetry, and the mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT9 were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, the levels of SUA and the mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT9 were significantly decreased, and the fraction excretion of uric acid (FEUA) was significantly increased in the CTG groups and benzbromarone group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the above indicators between the CTG high-dose group and benzbromarone group (P>0.05). SUA is positively related to the GLUT9 mRNA and protein expressions in the kidney (P<0.05 or P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CTG can significantly reduce the SUA and increase the FEUA. In addition, CTG can effectively inhibit the mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT9 in the kidney of hyperuricemia mice to inhibit the uric acid re-absorption, promote uric acid excretion and reduce SUA.</p>