Risk factors associated with pre myopia among preschool children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the prevalence rate of pre myopia among preschoolers and its associated factors, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of myopia prevention and control policies.@*Methods@#In May 2022, a tatol of 1 070 preschoolers in the Science City Area of Mianyang City were selected by using a cluster sampling method. The visual acuity of preschool children was obtained through refractive examination, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate associated factors of myopia in the preclinical stage by Chi square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#The prevalence rate of pre myopia in preschoolers was 67.01%, including 66.30% for boys and 67.76% for girls. There was no significant difference by sex( χ 2=0.26, P > 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that at least one parent with myopia, too much near work activities, time spent on outdoor activity <2 h per day, lack of sleep, and screen time ≥1 h per day were positively correlated with the occurrence of pre myopia( OR =1.62, 1.46, 1.46, 1.38, 1.53, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of pre myopia among preschool children in Science City Area is high. It is suggested that parents, kindergartens and relevant departments should pay attention to the visual status of preschoolers, increase outdoor activities, ensure adequate sleep and train preschoolers to develop scientific eye hygiene habits.

Risk factors associated with pre myopia among preschool children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the prevalence rate of pre myopia among preschoolers and its associated factors, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of myopia prevention and control policies.@*Methods@#In May 2022, a tatol of 1 070 preschoolers in the Science City Area of Mianyang City were selected by using a cluster sampling method. The visual acuity of preschool children was obtained through refractive examination, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate associated factors of myopia in the preclinical stage by Chi square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#The prevalence rate of pre myopia in preschoolers was 67.01%, including 66.30% for boys and 67.76% for girls. There was no significant difference by sex( χ 2=0.26, P > 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that at least one parent with myopia, too much near work activities, time spent on outdoor activity <2 h per day, lack of sleep, and screen time ≥1 h per day were positively correlated with the occurrence of pre myopia( OR =1.62, 1.46, 1.46, 1.38, 1.53, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of pre myopia among preschool children in Science City Area is high. It is suggested that parents, kindergartens and relevant departments should pay attention to the visual status of preschoolers, increase outdoor activities, ensure adequate sleep and train preschoolers to develop scientific eye hygiene habits.

The role of TNF-α/TNFR1 inhibiting autophagy of M1-type Kupffer cells in liver injury in trichloroethylene-sensitized mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To detect the expression levels of M1-type polarization and autophagy-related indicators in the liver of trichloroethylene (TCE) -sensitized mice, and to explore the role of liver tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in regulating M1-type Kupffer cells autophagy in liver injury in TCE-sensitized mice. Methods: In November 2019, according to simple random grouping, 45 SPF grade BALB/c female mice (6-8 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups: blank control group (n=5) , solvent control group (n=5) , TCE treatment group (n=18) , TCE+R7050 (inhibitor) treatment group (n=17) . Transdermally sensitized mice, 24 h after the last challenge, the mice were divided into TCE sensitized group and TCE non-sensitized group according to the skin reaction score. The livers of mice were harvested, and the pathological changes of the livers were observed under light and electron microscopes. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of TNF-α, TNFR1 and autophagy-related indexes. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) , a marker of M1-type Kupffer cells, was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the occurrence of autophagy in M1-type Kupffer cells was detected by immunofluorescence double-labeling method. Results: The sensitization rate of TCE treatment group was 38.9% (7/18) , and TCE+R7050 treatment group was 35.3% (6/17) , with no significant difference between the two groups (P=1.000) . Compared with the blank control group, mice in the TCE sensitized group had abnormal liver ocytes, obvious liver injury, reduced mitochondria and broken endoplasmic reticulum. Western blotting results showed that the expressions of TNF-α and TNFR1 protein in the liver of the mice in the TCE sensitized group increased, the expression of iNOS protein in M1-type Kupffer cells increased, and the expressions of autophagic microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3 (LC3B) and Beclin1 protein were decreased (P<0.05) . The results of immunohistochemistry showed that iNOS was not significantly expressed in the blank control group and solvent control group, and a small amount of expression was found in the TCE non-sensitized group, the positive staining area was obvious in TCE sensitized group, and the expression of iNOS was significantly increased (P<0.05) . Immunofluorescence results showed that the iNOS protein levels in the blank control group, solvent control group and TCE non-sensitized group were lower, and only partially colocalized with P62; the colocalization of iNOS with P62 in the TCE sensitized group was significantly increased. Conclusion: TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling pathway may promote liver injury in TCE-sensitized mice by inhibiting autophagy of M1-type Kupffer cells.

Diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) histogram analysis in thyroid benign solitary coarse calcification nodules / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

This study was to investigate the diagnostic value of the computed tomography (CT) histogram in thyroid benign solitary coarse calcification nodules (BSCNs). A total of 89 thyroid solitary coarse calcification nodules (coarse calcification ≥5 mm, no definite soft tissue around calcification) confirmed either by surgery or histopathological examination in 86 cases enrolled from January 2009 to December 2015 were evaluated. These included 56 BSCNs and 33 malignant solitary coarse calcification nodules (MSCNs). Overall, 27 cut-off values were calculated by N (4≤N≤30) times of 50 Hounsfield units (HU) in the range of 200 to 1500 HU, and each cut-off value and the differences in the corresponding area percentages in the CT histogram were recorded for BSCN and MSCN. The optimal cut-off value and the corresponding area percentage were established by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In the 19 groups with an ROC area under curve (AUC) of more than 0.7, at a cut-off value of 800 HU and at an area percentage of no more than 93.8%, the ROC AUC reached the maximum of 0.79, and the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 75.3%, 80.4%, and 66.7%, respectively. At a cut-off value of 1050 HU and at an area percentage of no more than 93.6%, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 71.9%, 60.7%, and 90.9%, respectively. At a cut-off of 1150 HU and area of no more than 98.4%, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 70.8%, 57.1%, and 93.9%, respectively. At a cut-off of 600 HU and area of no more than 12.1%, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 61.8%, 39.3%, and 100.0%, respectively. Compared with the cut-off value of 800 HU and an area percentage of no more than 93.8%, the sensitivity of cut-off values and minimum areas of 1050 HU and 93.6%, of 1150 HU and 98.4%, and of 600 HU and 12.1%, was gradually decreasing; however, their specificity was gradually increasing. This can provide an important basis for reducing the misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgical trauma.

Safety evaluation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for elderly patients / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluated the security of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) among the patients aged over 80 years. Methods 80 patients who were accepted ERCP and aged over 80 years were analgzed, to learn the diseases of patients and evaluate what the impact of ERCP. To complete ERCP in the shortest time, we observed of vital signs, abdominal symptoms and nasal biliary drainage rigorouly after the opration , and to test blood routine, serum amylase, urine amylase and biochemical indicators, detect whether secondary or aggravate other organs damage within 1 week. Results There were 11 cases (13.75%) had secondary organs damage, the percentage of with over two diseases is 51.25%, 78 cases (96.25%) accepted the ERCP, the primary success rate of lithotomy in 55 cases of common bile duct stones is 74.55%, among them there were 3 cases accepted internal drainage by cutting the nasobiliary since they can not be conducted lithotomy once more. One patient of pancreatic carcinoma complicated with duodenal stenosis was treated in implantation of biliary metal stent after accepted the dilation of bile duct , and then the stent was implanted in the narrow duodenum. One patient was died of heart failure, renal failure and respiratory failure after one week; There were no other serious complications occurred, the total incidence rate of complication was 7.50%, the average operation time was (26.64 ± 8.31) min. Conclusions The patients over 80 years old are relatively safe for ERCP, the effect is obviously, and appropriate management of perioperative can reduce the incidence of complications.

Safety evaluation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for elderly patients / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluated the security of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) among the patients aged over 80 years. Methods 80 patients who were accepted ERCP and aged over 80 years were analgzed, to learn the diseases of patients and evaluate what the impact of ERCP. To complete ERCP in the shortest time, we observed of vital signs, abdominal symptoms and nasal biliary drainage rigorouly after the opration , and to test blood routine, serum amylase, urine amylase and biochemical indicators, detect whether secondary or aggravate other organs damage within 1 week. Results There were 11 cases (13.75%) had secondary organs damage, the percentage of with over two diseases is 51.25%, 78 cases (96.25%) accepted the ERCP, the primary success rate of lithotomy in 55 cases of common bile duct stones is 74.55%, among them there were 3 cases accepted internal drainage by cutting the nasobiliary since they can not be conducted lithotomy once more. One patient of pancreatic carcinoma complicated with duodenal stenosis was treated in implantation of biliary metal stent after accepted the dilation of bile duct , and then the stent was implanted in the narrow duodenum. One patient was died of heart failure, renal failure and respiratory failure after one week; There were no other serious complications occurred, the total incidence rate of complication was 7.50%, the average operation time was (26.64 ± 8.31) min. Conclusions The patients over 80 years old are relatively safe for ERCP, the effect is obviously, and appropriate management of perioperative can reduce the incidence of complications.

Activated Protein C Protects Myocardium Via Activation of Anti-apoptotic Pathways of Survival in Ischemia-reperfused Rat Heart

Activated protein C (APC) is known to be beneficial on ischemia reperfusion injury in myocardium. However, the protection mechanism of APC is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of APC on myocardial ischemic damage. Artificially ventilated anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 30 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. Rats were randomly divided into four groups; Sham, I/R, APC preconditioning and postconditioning group. Myocardial infarct size, apoptosis index, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c genes and proteins were assessed. In APC-administrated rat hearts, regardless of the timing of administration, infarct size was consistently reduced compared to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats. APC improved the expression of ERK1/2 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 which were significantly reduced in the I/R rats. APC reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, Bax and cytochrome c. These findings suggest that APC produces cardioprotective effect by preserving the expression of proteins and genes involved in anti-apoptotic pathways, regardless of the timing of administration.

The effect of protease-activated receptor2 on rat apoptotic cardiomyocytes underwent ischemia reperfusion injury / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) on rat apoptotic cardiomyocytes underwent ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 each): sham-operation group, I/R (ligating the left coronary artery for 30 minutes and followed by 120 minutes reperfusion) group and three SLIGRL-NH2 groups treated with intravenous PAR-2 agonist SLIGRL-NH2 at different doses (0.5, 1, 3 mg/kg) 5 minutes before reperfusion. Apoptic cardiomyocytes was detected by TUNEL staining and by DNA ladder on agarose gel electrophoresis. Bax and Bcl-2 expression in myocardium was analyzed by immunohistochemical technique. The mRNA expression of PAR-2 was determined by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The apoptosis index and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly increased in IR group and SLIGRL-NH2 groups than those in sham group (P < 0.05-0.01). (2) Compared with I/R group, the apoptosis index and the expression of Bax were significantly reduced while the expression of Bcl-2 and PAR-2 mRNA were significantly upregulated by SLIGRL-NH2 in a dose-dependent manner. (3) DNA Agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated that DNA ladder existed in I/R and 0.5 mg/kg SLIGRL-NH2 group, but not in 1, 3 mg/kg SLIGRL-NH2 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PAR-2 agonist SLIGRL-NH2 could reduce myocardial apoptosis by upregulating the Bcl-2 and PAR-2 mRNA level and downregulating Bax expression in a dose-dependent manner in this rat I/R model.</p>

Chinese herbs application combined with operation for treating post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis complicated with bone-skin defects / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to explore the method and clinical effects of integration of Chinese herbs and operation for the treatment of post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis complication with bone-skin defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Among 28 patients with post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis complicated with bone-skin defects, 18 patients were male and 10 females, ranging in age from 18 to 68 years, with an average of 32.5 years. All the patients were treated with transplantation of free iliac flaps to one-stage repair the bone-skin defects after infection controlled with Chinese herbs dressing. The curative effects were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up and ranged from 8 to 56 months, with an average of 30 months. All of the flap survived, and the wounds got primary healing in 26 patients and secondary healing in 2 patients. All the grafted bone united in 2 to 14 months,with a mean time of 4.6 months. The osteomyelitis recurred in 2 patients and got healed by focal debridement.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chinese herbs application combined with operation for treating post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis complicated with hone-skin defects is effective to control infection, one-stage repair the tissue defects, which is worthy popularizing.</p>

Myocardial toll like receptor 4 expression in a rat model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of TLR4 in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MI/RI) by observing the dynamic TLR4 expression changes at mRNA and protein levels early after myocardial ischemia reperfusion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male SD rats were randomly divided into Sham and IR group and the rats were killed according to different reperfusion time (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours). Myocardial changes under light microscope and transmission electronic microscope were observed. TLR4 expressions at protein and mRNA levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and realtime RT-PCR respectively. Myocardial TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Myocardial injury was observed in IR but not in Sham group and histopathological and ultrastructural changes in IR group remained unchanged up to 8 hours after reperfusion. (2) Positive TLR4 protein staining was visualized in both Sham and IR groups and significantly increased and peaked at 1 hour of reperfusion in IR group. (3) Compared to Sham group, TLR4 mRNA level was upregulated in myocardium in IR group and peaked at 1 hour of reperfusion. (4) Concentration of TNF-alpha in IR group was significantly higher than that of Sham group at corresponding time points (all P < 0.05), and myocardial TLR4 mRNA level correlated positively with myocardial TNF-alpha (r = 0.728, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Expression of TLR4 in myocardium during early after myocardial ischemia reperfusion was upregulated and actived TLR4 might play an important role in MI/RI through promoting myocardial TNF-alpha excretion.</p>

Application status of using clopidogrel during perioperative period of percutaneous coronary intervention / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) has become one of the most important therapeutic methods for atherosclerotic heart disease(AHD),but the following complications such as stent thrombosis and restenosis af- fected its long-term efficacy.Platelet activation was a key component of thrombosis of during perioperative period PCI.As one of the most effective antiplatelet drugs,clo- pidogrel has been established its important role in preven- ting thrombosis during perioperative period of PCI.After several large-scale clinical trials in recent years.

Adenosine protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury / 生理学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of adenosine (ADO) on cardiomyocytes following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and its molecular mechanism. Primary cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were divided into two groups, namely H/R (control) and ADO (1.0 micromol/L) groups. The morphologic changes in cardiomyocytes were observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. The following parameters of the two groups were determined: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, intracellular calcium concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Tumor necrotic factor (TNF-alpha) assay was performed using an ELISA kit and NF-kappaB in the nucleus was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results are as follows: (1) after H/R injury, cardiomyocytes contracted, tending to get round in shape and its pseudopods decreased, while marked morphological changes were not observed in ADO group; (2) LDH leakage maintained at a lower level in ADO group than that in the control group during H/R (both P<0.01); (3) ADO significantly reduced the concentration of calcium in cells and prevented calcium overload during H/R (both P<0.01); (4) ADO markedly reduced the content of MDA during H/R (both P<0.01); (5) ADO inhibited the production of TNF-alpha during H/R (both P<0.01); and (6) ADO down-regulated NF-kappaB binding activity of cardiomyocytes during H/R (both P<0.01) The results suggest that (1) exogenous ADO attenuates H/R injury of cultured cardiomyocytes; (2) exogenous ADO inhibits the production of TNF-alpha after H/R injury; (3) exogenous ADO prevents the activation of NF-kappaB, which may be the molecular mechanism of down-regulation of TNF-alpha expression.

Effect of Auricularia Polytricha Sacc Polysaccharide on PKA Activity in Murine Peritoneal Macrophages / 中国药房

AIM： To investigate the effect of Auricularia Polytricha Sacc Polysaccharide（ APSP） on protein kinase A（ PKA） activity in murine peritoneal macrophages METHODS： New ion－ pair RP－ HPLC method was used to determinate the activity of PKA in murine peritoneal macrophages RESULTS： APSP（ 80mg/L） induced activation of PKA in murine peritoneal macrop_ hages； the peak appeared at 8 minutes and the activity of PKA returned to the basic level at 20 minutes CONCLUSION： The immunopoteniating effect of APSP may be associated with its activating effect on PKA in murine peritoneal macrophages