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Objective:To identify and characterize two Balneatrix alpica strains isolated from a patient′s blood sample (strain X117) and the natural hot spring water in the patient′s residential district (strain GN-1), and to provide experimental evidence for the pathogenic diagnosis of clinical infection caused by this rare pathogen. Methods:Biochemical phenotypic identification, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and genome-wide analysis were performed to accurately determine the taxonomic status of the isolates X117 and GN-1 by using Balneatrix alpica DSM 16621 T as a reference. Microdilution broth method was used to test their antimicrobial susceptibility. The virulence genes carried by them were annotated and analyzed using the virulence factor database (VFDB). Results:Strains X117 and GN-1 formed light yellow or tan colonies with mottled surfaces on Columbia blood agar and chocolate agar plates after 4 d of culture. They were Gram-negative rods and positive for oxidase and indole tests, which were consistent with the characteristics of Balneatrix alpica DSM 16621 T. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that the isolates X117 and GN-1 were both Balneatrix alpaca. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the two isolates and Balneatrix alpica DSM 16621 T were 98.44% and 98.41%, respectively, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were both 87.1%. The SNP distance between the two strains was 13, indicating that X117 and GN-1 might belong to the same clone. The antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all of the three Balneatrix alpica strains were sensitive to the commonly used antibiotics against Gram-negative rods. The virulence genes carried by the three Balneatrix alpica strains were mainly involved in adhesion, invasion, flagella and biofilm formation. Conclusions:This study identified a case of bloodstream infection caused by Balneatrix alpica which was closely related to natural hot spring water. Natural hot spring water migh be an important source of clinical infections caused by this species.
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Aim To explore the effects of cinnamaldehyde on the proliferation and stemness of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells, and its possible mechanism of action.Methods CCK8 assay was used to detect the effect of cinnamaldehyde treatment on cell viability at different concentrations(0, 5, 15, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100, 150 μmol·L-1)and different intervention time(24, 48, 72 h).CFSE proliferation assay was used to detect the inhibitory effects of cinnamaldehyde on PANC-1 cells.Colony formation assay was employed to determine the colony-forming ability of PANC-1 cells after cinnamaldehyde treatment.The sphere formation assay was employed to detect the effects of cinnamaldehyde on sphere-forming ability in PANC-1 cells.Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR analysis were applied to determine the expression levels of Nanog, Sox-2 and Oct-4.Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of CD44+CD24+ cells and ALDH+ cells in cinnamaldehyde treated and untreated PANC-1 cells.Western blot analysis was used to detect the effects of cinnamaldehyde on the expression of CD44s, p-STAT3 and STAT3 in PANC-1 cells.Results Cinnamaldehyde suppressed cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and inhibited tumor-cell proliferation and colony forming ability significantly in a dose-dependent manner in PANC-1 cells.Sphere-forming assay showed that cinnamaldehyde could significantly inhibit sphere-forming ability in suspension culture of PANC-1 cells.The mRNA and protein expression levels of three stemness-related genes were down-regulated after cinnamaldehyde treatment.In addition, cinnamaldehyde treatment significantly decreased the proportion of CD44+CD24+ cells and ALDH+ cells.Western blotting showed that cinnamaldehyde inhibited the expression of CD44s and p-STAT3, while it had no effect on the expression of STAT3.With the addition of STAT3 activator(Colivelin TFA), the inhibition of cinnamaldehyde on proliferation and tumor-cell stemness in PANC-1 cells was partially rescued.Conclusions Cinnamaldehyde significantly inhibits the proliferation and tumor-cell stemness of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells, and the mechanism could be related to the modulation of CD44s/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Tongbi Jiangu prescription （TBJG） in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis （KOA） based on network pharmacology and molecular docking，and further verify it by cell experiments. MethodThe active components and the corresponding targets of TBJG were screened out according to the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform（TCMSP）. The targets of KOA were obtained from GeneCards，online mendelian inheritance in man（OMIM）， and DrugBank. The common targets of active components of TBJG and KOA were the targets of TBJG against KOA. The active component-target network and protein-protein interaction （PPI） network were constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2. STRING was used for PPI network analysis. DAVID was used for gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses. Key targets and core active components were selected for molecular docking by AutoDock. The results of network pharmacology were verified by cell experiments and the pharmacodynamic responses were observed. ResultThe prediction of network pharmacology showed that there were 111 active components of TBJG in the treatment of KOA. The core active components were quercetin，kaempferol， and β-sitosterol，and the key targets were interleukin-1β（IL-1β）， matrix metalloproteinase-3 （MMP-3），and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）. Biological processes （BP） in GO analysis mainly involved inflammatory response，response to lipopolysaccharide，apoptosis signaling pathway，and regulation of DNA activity in binding transcription factor. Cellular components （CC） included plasma membrane protein complex，RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcription factor complex，membrane raft，and serine/threonine protein kinase complex. Molecular functions （MF） were mainly enriched in cytokine receptor binding，nuclear receptor activity，protein domain specific binding，serine hydrolase activity，chemokine receptor binding，and activity of nitric oxide synthase regulator. As revealed by the KEGG analysis， the relevant signaling pathways were nuclear factor（NF）-κB， Janus kinase（JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription（STAT）， and Wnt signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the core active components had good binding activities with key targets. The experimental results showed that TBJG could down-regulate IL-1β， MMP-3，TNF-α， and NF-κB p65 expression levels （P<0.05），and up-regulated NF-κB inhibitor（IκB）-α（P<0.05）. ConclusionThe mechanism of TBJG in the treatment of KOA lies in the application of active components such as quercetin，kaempferol， and β-sitosterol with IL-1β，MMP-3， and TNF-α as key targets through the NF-κB，JAK/STAT， and Wnt signaling pathways.
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Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of behavioral activation for depression scale (C-BADS) in patients in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).Methods:A total of 162 opioid addicts were recruited from the MMT programs in Wuhan city for the C-BADS investigation.Items analysis and exploratory factors analysis (EFA) were conducted with SPSS 21.0 and confirmatory factors analysis (CFA) was conducted with AMOS 24.0.Results:The correlation coefficients between subscales and total score were 0.228-0.813 (all P<0.01). Except for activation subscale, the correlation coefficients among subscales were lower than those between subscale dimensions and total score.The item-total score correlations coefficient were 0.060-0.716.Four factors were extracted by EFA, named avoidance/rumination(AR), activation(AC), social impairment(SI) and work/school impairment(WS) respectively, which the cumulative variance was 51.153%, and the factor loading of each item ranged from 0.328 to 0.797.The fitting indexes of CFA model were as following: χ 2/ df=1.594, CFI=0.839, TLI=0.820, IFI=0.844, RMSEA=0.069, SRMR=0.089.The Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.790, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.827. Conclusion:C-BADS has good internal consistency reliability and construct validity, but it still needs to be modified for the measurement of behavior activation of patients in MMT.
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Objective@#To understand and compare the differences in help-seeking behavior among junior high school students and senior high school students and their association with non-suicidal self-injury to provide a basis for the prevention and control of non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students.@*Methods@#Three middle schools in Nanchang were selected,and the survey were conducted among 4 434 students through the General Situation Questionnaire, the Ottawa Self-injury Judgment Entry, and the Middle School Students Help Seeking Behavior Questionnaire, and SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The NSSI detection rate among middle school students was 33.3% , and junior high school students detection rate(36.0%) were higher than high school students(29.6%) (χ 2=19.41，P<0.01). Differences in willingness to ask for help, asking for help from family and teachers, and talking face-to-face for help were statistically significant (all P<0.01) among NSSI participants and non-NSSI participants, for both junior high school and high school students. Females (OR=1.45), class cadres (OR=1.26), urban household registration (OR=1.45), frequent scolding by elders (OR=1.98) and a high academic burden (OR=1.39) all possible increased the risk of NSSI in junior high school students, while assistance to family members (OR=0.95) or teachers (OR=0.95) possible reduced the risk of NSSI in junior high school students. Females (OR=1.50), class cadres (OR=1.34), only children (OR=1.45), fathers with college education and above (compared to junior high school and below) (OR=1.56), frequent scolding by elders (OR=2.08), frequent corporal punishment from elders (OR=4.12) and high academic burden (OR=1.38) possibly increased the risk of NSSI among high school students, while willingness to ask for help (OR=0.82), asking for help from family (OR=0.95) and teachers (OR=0.96) possible reduced the risk of NSSI among high school students.@*Conclusion@#There are some differences in help-seeking behavior between junior and high school students, and school and parents should actively focus on middle school students help-seeking behavior and encourage them to seek help.
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Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Reward Probability Index-Chinese version (C-RPI) among individuals with opioid dependence.Methods:A total of 160 individuals with opioid dependence were recruited from the methadone maintenance treatment(MMT) programs in Wuhan.The C-RPI was used in the investigation, and items/exploratory factors and confirmatory factors were adopted to analyze with IBM SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0, respectively.Results:The correlation between each item and the total score of the scale was 0.325-0.657 (all P<0.01) and the item discrimination of the scale was good.Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors, including reward probability and environmental suppressors, and a load of each item on its factor ranged from 0.519 to 0.744.The fitting indexes of confirmatory factor analysis were as follows: χ 2/ df=1.623, RMR=0.030, RMSEA=0.063, IFI=0.902, TLI=0.885, CFI =0.900.The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's α) of the C-RPI was 0.800; and there was no ceiling/floor effect on each dimension and total scale. Conclusion:The classification of dimensions for the C-RPI is reasonable, and the scale has good reliability and validity to measure the ability to obtain environmental rewards for individuals with opioid dependence.
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This study aimed to investigate whether psoralen can aggravate hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) by inducing hepatocyte cycle arrest and delaying liver regeneration. Female C57 BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group, model group(CCl_4 group), combined group(CCl_4+PSO group) and psoralen group(PSO group). CCl_4 group and CCl_4+PSO group were given CCl_4 intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 μL·kg~(-1) once; olive oil of the same volume was given to control group and PSO group intraperitoneally; 12 h, 36 h and 60 h after CCl_4 injection, PSO group and CCl_4+PSO group were administrated with PSO intragastrically at a dose of 200 mg·kg~(-1); 0.5% CMC-Na of the same volume was administrated to control group and PSO group intragastrically. The weight of mice was recorded every day. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were measured at 36 h, 60 h and 84 h after CCl_4 injection. Mice were sacrificed after collection of the last serum samples. Liver samples were collected, and liver weight was recorded. Histopathological and morphological changes of liver were observed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. The mRNA levels of HGF, TGF-β, TNF-α, p53 and p21 in liver were detected by RT-qPCR. Western blot was used to detect the levels of cell cycle-related proteins. According to the results, significant increase of serum ALT and AST and centrilobular necrosis with massive inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in CCl_4+PSO group. After PSO administration in CCl_4 model, the mRNA levels of HGF(hepatocyte growth factor) and TNF-α were reduced, while the mRNA expressions of TGF-β, p53 and p21 was up-regulated. The expression of PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was significantly increased in CCl_4 and CCl_4+PSO group, while the relative protein level in CCl_4+PSO group was slightly lower than that in CCl_4 group. Compared with control and CCl_4 group, the expression of p27(cyclic dependent kinase inhibitor protein p27) was prominently increased in CCl_4+PSO group. These results indicated that hepatotoxicity induced by CCl_4 could be aggravated by intraperitoneal administration with PSO, and the repair process of liver could be delayed. The preliminary mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PCNA and regulation of some cell cycle-associated protein by psoralen, in which the significant up-regulation of p27, p53 and p21 may play important roles.
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Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Alanina Transaminasa , Aspartato Aminotransferasas , Tetracloruro de Carbono , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Ficusina , Hígado , Regeneración HepáticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND@#Electrical stimulation has been recommended as an effective therapy to prevent muscle atrophy after nerve injury. However, the effect of electrical stimulation on the proliferation of satellite cells in denervated muscles has not yet been fully elucidated. This study was aimed to evaluate the changes in satellite cell proliferation after electrical stimulation in nerve injury and to determine whether these changes are related to the restoration of myofiber cross-section area (CSA).@*METHODS@#Sciatic nerve crush injury was performed in 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats. In half (24/48) of the rats, the gastrocnemius was electrically stimulated transcutaneously on a daily basis after injury, while the other half were not stimulated. Another group of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as sham operation controls without injury or stimulation. The rats were euthanized 2, 4, and 6 weeks later. After 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, the gastrocnemia were harvested for the detection of paired box protein 7 (Pax7), BrdU, myofiber CSA, and myonuclei number per fiber. All data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test.@*RESULTS@#The percentages of Pax7-positive nuclei (10.81 ± 0.56%) and BrdU-positive nuclei (34.29 ± 3.87%) in stimulated muscles were significantly higher compared to those in non-stimulated muscles (2.58 ± 0.33% and 1.30 ± 0.09%, respectively, Bonferroni t = 15.91 and 18.14, P < 0.05). The numbers of myonuclei per fiber (2.19 ± 0.24) and myofiber CSA (1906.86 ± 116.51 μm) were also increased in the stimulated muscles (Bonferroni t = 3.57 and 2.73, P < 0.05), and both were positively correlated with the Pax7-positive satellite cell content (R = 0.52 and 0.60, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the ratio of myofiber CSA/myonuclei number per fiber among the three groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our results indicate that satellite cell proliferation is promoted by electrical stimulation after nerve injury, which may be correlated with an increase in myonuclei number and myofiber CSA.
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Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, exerts multiple effects on regulating embryonic development and inducing differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis as well as resistance in various cancer cells. Apart from the classic genomic action (binding to the nuclear receptors to regulate the expression of its downstream target genes), retinoic acids also play important roles in anti-cancer effect through non-genomic pathways (via extranuclear and non-transcriptional effects).
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Humanos , Apoptosis , Diferenciación Celular , Genómica , Neoplasias , Quimioterapia , Receptores de Ácido Retinoico , TretinoinaRESUMEN
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common refractory disease in orthopedics, and the rate of disability is very high, and its pathogenesis is unknown. TCM has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of ONFH, and it has gradually received attention. This article reviewed the clinical application status of TCM for prevention and treatment of ONFH in recent years from ONFH's TCM name, etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, and clinical treatment, with a purpose to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of ONFH.
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Objective To observe the effects of three effective constituents of Min Angelicae Sinensis Radix on hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) induced rabbit atherosclerotic lesions (AS).Methods Forty eight Japanese big ear rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Angelicae Sinensis Radix volatile oil group, Angelicae Sinensis Radix polysaccharide group, ferulic acid group and folic acid group, with 8 rabbits in each group. The HHcy rabbit model induced AS was duplicated by injected DL-methionine. After 8 weeks, each medication group was given relevant medicine for gavage. After 12 weeks, Hcy, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C level in serum were detected, and abdominal aorta vascular ultrasound were observed.Results The model group was higher than the normal group in the level of Hcy (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of Hcy in Angelicae Sinensis Radix volatileoil group, the ferulic acid group and the folic acid group decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in AngelicaeSinensis Radix volatile oil group, ferulic acid group and folic acid group decreased (P<0.05). Abdominal aorta ultrasonography showed that the degree of AS was significantly attenuated in folic acid group, Angelicae Sinensis Radix volatile oil group and ferulic acid group.Conclusion Angelicae Sinensis Radix volatile oil and ferulic acid in Min Angelicae Sinensis Radix can reduce the harm to endothelium and can prevent and treat HHcy caused by rabbit AS.
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Objective:To explore the effect of nano-carbon in lymph node dissection for thyroid cancer.Methods:46 patients with thyriod cancer were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The identification rate of lymph nodes,lymph node positivity and parathyroid function were compared after surgery.Results:Compare to the control group,the identification rate of lymph nodes in treatment group was higher (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference on lymph node positivity (P＞0.05).what's more,patients with low blood calcium and parathyroid hormone in treatment group were less than that in control group after surgery (P＜0.05).The difference of severity of clinical symptoms was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Nano-carbon increases the lymph node identification rate and reduces the risk of parathyriod injury in patients with thyroidectomy.
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BACKGROUND: Precision medicine pays attention to the depth characteristics of the disease and the high precision of the treatment, and is a precise and accurate personalized approach of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. In recent years, it has gradually become the hotspot of the medical field. As a new concept of medicine and medical model, its value in clinical treatment of orthopedics has been gradually highlighted. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current status and progress of precision medicine in the field of orthopedics.METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for literatures about application and prospect of precision medicine in the field of orthopedics in and outside China published within the past 10 years using the keywords of "precision medicine, Orthopedics, bone, 3D printing, computer assisted navigation, minimal invasive, gene". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the study on the prevention and treatment of the disease of orthopedics, 3D printing technology, computer assisted navigation technology, precision minimally invasive orthopedic technology, and gene research are four effective way to achieve precise and personalized healthcare. (2) The appearance of precision medicine, a novel medicinal model, enriches the treatment of the disease in the field of orthopedics and enhances the curative efficacy of the disease. Precision medicine brings the new dawn to the patient and provides some new clues for medical workers and researchers engaged in the clinical and basic research of the disease in the field of orthopedics.
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BACKGROUND: In recent years, precision medicine has become a hot topic in the medical field. The application of precision medicine to osteonecrosis of the femoral head is wider than before. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current status and progress of precision medicine to osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for literatures about application and prospect of precision medicine for osteonecrosis of the femoral head in and outside China published within the past 10 years using the keywords of "precision medicine, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, three dimensional (3D) printing, computer assisted navigation, minimal invasive, gene" in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the study on the prevention and treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, 3D printing technology, computer assisted navigation technology, precision minimally invasive orthopedic technology, research and treatment of gene are four effective ways to achieve precise and personalized healthcare. (2) The appearance of precision medicine, a novel medicinal model, enriches the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head and enhances the curative efficacy of the disease. It brings the new dawn to the patient and provides some new clues for medical workers and researchers engaged in the clinical and basic researches of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
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The mechanism of metabolism of bone and cartilage are one of focus of orthopedic knowledge, and its clinical and basic study plays an important role in preventing and treating osteoporosis, degeneration of bone and joint, bone tumor. At present, the mechanism of metabolism of bone and cartilage studied from protein, signal pathway to mRNA transcription factor regulation. As a new regulatory factor for non-coding proteins, long non-coding RNA(LncRNA) participates in physiological and pathological process. In recent years, a large number of researche showed that LncRNA plays an important role in metabolism of bone and cartilage, and proved LncRNA participates in development and conversion of bone metabolism. With the exposure of function chennel and target of LncRNA, the key role of LncRNA in bone metabolism were proved constantly. The paper concluded biological characteristics of LncRNA, function and target spot of LncRNA in bone and cratilage metabolism, and in further state gene regulatory mechanism of bone and cartilage metabolism, explore diagnosis and treatment, provide new thought and treatment target for bone metabolism.
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Humanos , Huesos , Metabolismo , Cartílago , Metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , ARN Largo no Codificante , Metabolismo , ARN Mensajero , Transducción de Señal , Factores de TranscripciónRESUMEN
Objective@#To understand willingness and influencing factors of using pre-exposure prophylaxis (Pr-EP) among men who have sex with men (MSM).@*Methods@#Snow ball sampling was employed to recruit MSM in the social spaces (like bars and bathrooms) with focused activities by MSM and internet (QQ and Wechat) in Wuhan between August and November, 2015. 304 MSM were considered eligible when they were self-identified MSM and has had sex with men in the previous 12 months, over the age of 18 and have full civil liability. On-site and online questionnaire surveys were conducted by self-designed questionnaires to collect information including demographic characteristics, sexual risks and practices, awareness of PrEP, and willingness to use PrEP. A total of 301 qualified questionnaires were obtained. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with willingness to use Pr-EP.@*Results@#The mean age of surveyed MSM were (27.51±8.31) years, between18-61. 149 on-site survey, online were152; 131 MSM have regular homosexual partners, 170 MSM have not regular homosexual partners. Only 17.28% (52/301) had heard of Pr-EP before this survey, 18.32% (24/130) had heard of Pr-EP among those who had regular homosexual partners and those who had not accounted for 16.47% (28/170). 74.42% (224/301) had willingness to use Pr-EP after they knew Pr-EP was safe and effective through the survey. The proportion among those who had regular homosexual partners was 74.05%(74), and the proportion among those who had not was 74.71% (127); Among those who had regular homosexual partners, results suggested that those who were married/cohabiting were more likely to report a willingness to use PrEP compared to unmarried/divorced or widowed (OR=5.60), compared with homosexual, heterosexuality was associated with decreased odds of willingness to use Pr-EP (OR= 0.22), compared with HIV status of sexual partner was negative or uncertain, positive infection status was associated with increased odds of willingness to use (OR=7.52). Compared with MSM who have not regular homosexual partners, those who were married/cohabiting were more likely to report a willingness to use PrEP compared to unmarried/divorced or widowed (OR=9.09), compared with those who think they have risk of infection, those who do not think they have risk of infection was associated with decreased odds of willingness to use Pr-EP (OR= 0.30), compared with those with a high frequency to seek sexual partners, those not often to seek was associated with decreased odds of willingness to use Pr-EP (OR= 0.27). All above P values were<0.05.@*Conclusion@#The awareness rate of Pr-EP among MSM in Wuhan is low in 2015, but the willingness to use Pr-EP could get a considerable increase after introduction. It is considered that promotion of Pr-EP is feasible in China, and there are different influencing factors for the willingness between two MSM subgroups (having regular homosexual partners and having no regular homosexual partners).
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Objective:To design a software to read and display CT and RT structure and draw a new contour without treatment planning system (TPS).Methods: In order to display the contour information drawn by doctors, the first step was to match CT images and RT structure then the same screen rendering of CT and RT structures could be applied. In order to add contour in RT structure obtaining the coordinates interactively, connecting coordinate points were the essential steps. Then a unique identity was given in the area of that contour to ensure its unique results. Results: The software successfully read and displayed CT and RT structures and drew a new contour without TPS.Conclusion: In this study, the software establishes a basis to improve the precision of the radiotherapy dose.
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Objective To explore and evaluate the model of antiretroviral treatment that oriented to the medical needs of people living with HIV/AIDS (HIV/AIDS),based on the local prevalence of HIV/AIDS.Methods A total of 268 HIV/AIDS were selected the CDC of 13 administrative district in Wuhan from 2012 to 2013 and 275 HIV/AIDS were selected in the hospitals of 13 administrative district in Wuhan from 2013 to 2014.The antiretroviral effect of the two groups was compared and the related factors were analyzed.Results An antiretroviral treatment network that oriented to the medical needs of HIV/AIDS was developed.Data showed that the adherence of patients was better than that when the treatment was carried out at the CDC offices and the status of immuno-recovery on HIV/AIDS was more effective than the hospital-based treatment (P＜0.05).Data from multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that different patterns did play different roles on the effects of treatment.Conclusions The mode of antiretroviral treatment that oriented to the medical needs of HIV/AIDS could effectively improve the adherence and outcomes of treatment.We believe this model could also be adopted elsewhere.
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Objective To investigate the effect of aluminum on hair loss induc ed by fluoride in fluorosis mice.Methods Sixty male C57BL mice were divided into four groups according to body mass:control group,fluoride (F) group (F-100 mg/L),aluminum(Al) group(Al3+ 270 mg/L) and F + Al group(F-100 mg/L + Al3+270 mg/L).Mice were killed 1 month and 3 months after the experiment,respectively.Bone F content was detected by ion-selective electrode method.The level of bone Al was measured through inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum.Dental fluorosis and hair loss of mice were evaluated by visual method.Results One month after the experiment,no dental fluorosis and hair loss was found in all four groups.The content of bone F was the highest in F group [(2401.649 + 86.835) mg/kg],and the lowest in A1 group [(427.006 + 11.878) mg/kg].The levels of bone F in F + Al group and control group were (1210.332 + 19.531)mg/kg and (538.001 + 33.337)mg/kg,respectively.The difference was statistically significant between any two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Three month after the experiment,all mice of F treatment group had dental fluorosis and hair loss(10/10).Alopecia areas were found in the neck and back regions only.There was no hair loss in control group,Al group and F + Al group.No dental fluorosis was found in both control and Al groups.Only 2 mice were found with dental fluorosis in F + Al group.The levels of bone F in F group,F + Al group,control group and Al group were (4098.645 + 58.842),(1888.165 ± 12.187),(876.258 + 14.462) and (662.385 ± 8.966) mg/kg,respectively.The difference was statistically significant between any two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The hair loss is found in fluorosis mice.Hair loss of mice is closely associated with the level of F exposure.Al can prevent the occurrence of hair loss induced by F in mice through reducing the accumulation of F.
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Objective To establish a stable primary culture of rat cerebellar granule neurons in vitro for further study the toxic effects of chronic arsenic exposure on cerebellar cells.Methods Cerebellar cortices were taken from brain of Wistar rat 5-7 day old after born under stereoscopic microscope.Single cell suspension was acquired after digestion and washing with trypsin (0.25％) and DNase Ⅰ solution,respectively.Granule cells were purified from other cells by differential velocity adherence method for two times.Rat cerebellar granule neurons were seeded in culture plate pre-coated with poly-L-lysine.Neurons growth,development and synaptic connections were observed daily.The neurons were identified by neuron specific enolase (NSE) immunofluorescence technique.Results The neurons were affixed to the culture plate in 24 hours,in reticular arrangement observed under contrast microscope.Granule cells gradually turned round from oval and outlines became clearer in 2-3 days.In 4-6 days,there were a wide range of synaptic connections among the neurons and a mature nerve cell network formed.A large quantity of cerebellar granule neurons was seen by NSE identification.Few bigger cells such as purkinjes cells and glial cell outlines were also seen in the same visual field.Conclusions This is a successful primary culture method for acquirement of rat cerebellar granule neurons.The method can provide experimental basis for future studies the toxic effects of chronic arsenic exposure on cerebellar cells.