RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the two kinds if thoracic cavity closed drainage contrast analysis and evaluate the pigtail catheter for treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax in adolescents.Methods This study included 53 adolescent patients with the first spontaneous pneumothorax in Huaihe Hospital of Henan University between January 2013 and December 2015.According to the different operation ways,they were divided into two groups:silicone tube and pigtail catheter group.The following post-operative data was evaluated:pain,subcutaneous emphysema,drainage time,hospital stay,new drain insertion,and wound healing at the site of insertion.Results There were 32 patients in the silicone tube group and 21 ones in the other group.The data revealed a significantly reduced the operation time and pain in the pigtail catheter group compared to the chest tube group(P ＜ 0.05).However,no statistical differences in success rate,postoperative hospital stay and complications incidence were found between the 2 groups.Conclusion Compared to common chest tube,the employment of pigtail catheter in the adolescent patients with pneumothorax significantly reduces the operation time and pain.Nevertheless,no statistically significant differences were discovered in success rate,postoperative hospital stay and the incidence of complications between the two corresponding groups.Thus pigtail catheter is competent in terms of closed thoracic drainage in adolescents who are the first diagnosed as spontaneous pneumothorax.
RESUMEN
A method based on stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS ) was established to determine five kinds of organophosphate esters ( OPEs ) in different kinds of cosmetics. For cream and wax-based cosmetics, samples were extracted by appropriate solvent, and then purified by ENVI-Carb solid phase extracting column. For powder and aqueous samples, GC-MS test could be operated directly after solvent extraction and concentration. All of the samples were separated by DB-5MS (30 m×0. 25 mm× 0. 25 μm) chromatographic column, and detected by selected ion monitoring ( SIM ) mode. The target analytes were qualitatively confirmed by retention time and abundance ratio of characteristic ions, and quantified by stable isotope diluted internal standard method. Under the optimized conditions, the linear coefficients of the OPEs were larger than 0. 9995, the detection limits were 1. 0-30 μg/kg, the average recoveries ( n=6 ) ranged from 89 . 5% to 105%, and the RSDs were in the range of 2 . 9%-9 . 1%. The developed method, which was characteristic by satisfactory purification effect, favorable matrix effect elimination capacity, as well as high recovery, was suitable for the determination of OPEs in different kinds of cosmetic matrices.