Substitution mode of rare and endangered Chinese medicinal materials and research strategy of multi-component replacement / 中国中药杂志

Rare and endangered Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for innovation and development of Chinese medicinal materials and their curative effects are remarkable. However, the resources are in shortage due to various man-made or natural factors such as rising demand, overexploitation and environmental degradation. Therefore, finding alternatives is a feasible and effective solution. This study systematically sorted out the list of rare and endangered Chinese medicinal materials, and combed relevant policies and regulations. According to existing research, the substitution model of rare and endangered Chinese medicinal materials was constructed from the theoretical level. In view of the slow search for substitutes, the failure to follow the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine in the process of research and development, the difficulty in breaking through technologies and the incomplete guarantee of the clinical efficacy of substitutes, a multi-component replacement was proposed to replace the originals with more effective components from a wide range of sources. This study was expected to promote the study on the substitutes of rare and endangered Chinese medicinal materials to step into a new stage.

Quality of life of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and sphincter-preserving surgery / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate quality of life (QoL) of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who underwent low anterior resection with protective stoma under neoadjuvant therapy mode, and to explore the changes of QoL of patients from before neoadjuvant therapy to 12 months after stoma reversal. Methods: A descriptive case series study was carried out. A retrospective study was performed on patients with mid and low LARC who received complete neoadjuvant long course radiotherapy and chemotherapy, followed by radical low anterior resection (LAR) combined with protective stoma at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 2017 to January 2020. Inclusion criteria: (1) patients with rectal MRI assessment of mT3-4b or mN1-2 without distant metastasis (M0) before neoadjuvant therapy; (2) distance from tumor lower margin to the anal verge <12 cm; (3) rectal adenocarcinoma confirmed by biopsy before neoadjuvant therapy; (4) complete cycle of neoadjuvant therapy; (5) patients undergoing radical LAR with sphincter preservation and protective ostomy; (6) patients receiving follow-up for more than 12 months after stoma reversal. Exclusion criteria: (1) patients as grade Ⅳ to Ⅴclassified by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA); (2) patients with multiple primary colorectal cancer; (3) patients with history of other malignant tumors in the past 5 years; (4) patients of emergency surgery; (5) pregnant or lactating women; (6) patients with history of severe mental illness; (7) patients with contraindication of MRI, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or surgical treatment. A total of 83 patients were enrolled, including 51 males and 28 females with median age of 59 years and mean BMI of (24.4±3.1) kg/m(2). EORTC QLQ-CR29, international erectile function index (IIEF), Wexner constipation score and low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score were applied to investigate the QoL of the patients before neoadjuvant therapy, 3 and 12 months after ostomy reversal, including rectal anal function and sexual function. M (P25, P75) was used for the scores of the scale. Results: (1) EORTC QLQ-CR29 score showed that before neoadjuvant therapy, before surgery, 3 months and 12 months after ostomy reversal, anxiety [64.4 (52, 0, 82.5), 75.3 (66.0, 89.5), 82.6 (78.5, 90.0), 83.6 (78.0, 91.0)] and concern about body image [76.8 (66.0, 92.0), 81.1 (76.5, 91.5), 85.5 (82.5, 94.0), 86.1 (82.0, 92.0)] were improved (all P<0.01); pelvic pain [5.4 (2.0, 8.0), 5, 0 (2.0, 7.8), 3.9 (1.0, 5.0), 3.0 (1.0, 5.0)], urinary incontinence [15.7 (7.0, 22.0), 11.1 (0, 17.5), 10.0 (0, 17.0), 9.9 (0, 16.0)], impotence [14.3 (4.2, 19.0), 12.2 (0, 16.8), 5.6 (0, 10.0), 5.2 (0.2, 8.0)], urinate [26.4 (13.0, 38.5), 13.9 (0, 20.0), 13.4 (2.5, 21.5), 13.2 (2.0, 20.0)] and mucous bloody stool [4.7 (3.0, 6.0), 2.6 (0, 5.0), 2.2 (0, 5.0), 1.9 (0, 4.0)] were improved as well (all P<0.01). The scores fluctuated in the improvement of male sexual function, abdominal pain, dry mouth, worry about body mass change, skin pain and dyspareunia, but the symptoms were significantly improved after ostomy reversal compared with before neoadjuvant therapy (all P<0.05). There were no significant changes in female sexual function, dysuria, dysgeusia and fecal incontinence after ostomy reversal compared with before neoadjuvant therapy (all P>0.05). (2) IIEF scale showed that all scores were similar before and after neoadjuvant therapy (all P>0.05). (3) Rectal and anal function scale revealed that before neoadjuvant therapy, before operation, 3 months and 12 months after stoma reversal, gas incontinence [3.1 (0, 4.0), 2.3 (0, 4.0), 1.8 (0, 4.0), 1.2 (0, 3.0)] and urgent defecation [7.2 (0, 11.0), 5.2 (0, 11.0), 2.9 (0, 9.0), 1.7 (0, 0)] were improved (all P<0.001). In terms of improving incomplete emptying sensation, the symptoms fluctuated, but the symptoms improved significantly after ostomy reversal compared with before neoadjuvant therapy (all P<0.05). While the symptoms of assistance with defecation [0 (0, 0), 0.7 (0, 1.0), 0.6 (0, 1.0), 0.7 (0, 1.0)] and defecation failure [0.2 (0, 0), 1.0 (0, 2.0), 0.8 (0, 1.5), 0.8 (0, 1.0)] showed a worsening trend (all P<0.001). Stratified analysis was performed on patients with different efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy to compare the changes in QoL before and after neoadjuvant therapy. Patients with less sensitive and more sensitive neoadjuvant therapy showed similar changes in function and symptoms. Patients with less sensitive therapy showed significant improvement in dysuria, urinary incontinence, skin pain and dyspareunia (all P<0.05), and the symptom of defecation frequency in more sensitive patients was significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusions: For patients with LARC, neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy combined with radical LAR and protective stoma can improve QoL in many aspects. It is noted that patients show a worsening trend in the need for assistance with defecation and in defecation failure.

Establishment of transgenic mice-derived allografts in pancreatic cancer / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To establish the transgenic mice-derived allografts (MDAs) so as to provide an appropriate experiment model of pancreatic cancer. Methods: By using the tissue fragments derived from transgenic mice with pancreatic cancer named LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice and subcutaneous transplant technique, we constructed the MDAs. We evaluated the histopathological characteristics of MDAs and infiltration of immune cells by H&E staining, Masson's staining and immunohistochemical method. Results: MDAs could mimic the pathological morphology, proliferation and fibrosis of pancreatic cancer precisely. Besides, the infiltration of immune cells in MDAs tumor was the same as that of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: MDAs are an effective model to mimic the development of pancreatic cancer.

miR-29b-3p promotes progression of MDA-mB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells through downregulating TRAF3

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the second common malignant cancer among females worldwide. Accumulating studies have indicated that deregulation of miRNA expression in breast cancer will contribute to tumorigenesis and form different cancer subtypes. However, the reported studies on miR-29b-3p-regulated breast cancer are limited so far. Herein, we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-29b-3p in the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. METHODS: The relative miR-29b-3p expression in different breast cancer cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR. CCK8 and colony formation assay were used to determine the influence of miR-29b-3p on cell proliferation. Migration assay and invasion assay were performed for cell migration and invasion respectively. To study the cell integrity immunofluorescence was performed. TUNEL assay, flow cytometry assay, hoechst staining and western blot were conducted to determine the influence of miR-29b-3p inhibitor on cell apoptosis. TRAF3 was found to be the target gene of miR-29b-3p using bioinformatics predictions. Dual-luciferase assay was performed to determine the relative luciferase activity in NC, miR-29b-3p mimic, miR-29b-3p inhibitor with TRAF3 3'-UTR wt or TRAF3 3'-UTR mt reporter plasmids. The proteins expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231 after transfection with NC, miR-29b-3p mimic, miR-29b-3p inhibitor were determined by western blot. RESULTS: The miR-29b-3p expression was significantly increased in MDA-MB-231 compare with MCF-10A. miR-29b-3p inhibitor reduced the cell viability of MDA-MB-231 and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Cell cytoskeleton integrity destroyed after miR-29b-3p inhibitor treatment. Furthermore, we identified the mechanism and found miR-29b-3p targets the TRAF3 and activates NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: From the above studies, our results indicated that miR-29b-3p acts as a promoter for the development of MDA-MB-231.

Morphology characteristics of sural bean bone and it's role in knee joint diseases / 中国骨伤

Fabella is a common sesamoid bone. In recent years, people have paid more attention to its anatomic location, distribution characteristics in crow, importance in stabilizing knee joint and related diseases. This article reviews the anatomy, distribution and the relationship between the calf bone and the knee joint diseases, so as to strengthen the attention of the bones in the diagnosis and treatment of knee diseases.

Three Dimensional Orbital Magnetic Resonance T2-Mapping in the Evaluation of Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The clinical application of orbital magnetic resonance (MR) T2-mapping imaging in detecting the disease activity of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO),and the predictive values of therapy response to intravenous glucocorticoid (ivGC) were investigated.Approved by the local institutional review board (IRB),106 consecutive patients with GO were included in this prospective study.All subjects were divided into two groups according to the patients' clinical activity score (CAS):the CAS positive group (CAS ≥3) or the CAS negative group (CAS ＜3).T2 relaxation time of extraocular muscles (T2RT;ms) and the areas of four extra-ocular muscles (AEOMs;mm2) were measured by 3D T2-mapping MR sequence before and after methylprednisolone treatment,so as the CAS and some ophthalmic examinations including visual acuity,intra-ocular pressure,eyeball movement,diplopia and proptosis.In addition,24 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group.The mean T2RT and AEOMs in CAS positive group were higher than those in CAS negative group.Both CAS positive and negative groups had significantly higher mean T2RT and AEOMs than the control group (P＜0.01).There was a positive correlation between T2RT and AEOMs values in GO patients,both of them had a positive correlation with CAS and the ophthalmic examinations.It was concluded that to evaluate the activity of GO,CAS was mostly related to inflammation symptoms of ocular surface,more than that,T2RT and AEOMs were also related to abnormal findings of the ophthalmic examinations including high ocular pressure,impaired eyeball movement,diplopia and proptosis.T2RT and AEOMs can reflex the inflammation state of ocular muscles better.CAS combined with 3D T2-mapping MR imaging could improve the sensitivity of detection of active GO so as the prediction and evaluation of the response to methylprednisolone treatment.

Comparison of two different drug therapies for acute retinal necrosis syndrome / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate clinical efficacy of two drug therapies ( acyclovir with prednisone acetate tablets, ganciclovir with prednisone acetate tablets and aspirin) for acute retinal necrosis syndrome. METHODS: Thirty patients (40 eyes) with acute retinal necrosis syndrome in our hospital were randomly divided into group A and B. Group A was treated with acyclovir with prednisone acetate tablets, and group B was given ganciclovir with prednisone acetate tablets and aspirin. Clinical effects in the two groups were observed and compared. RESULTS: After treatment, the overall response rate in group B (90%) was obviously higher than that in group A (70%), both of two regimens were effective, without significant difference (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference on the pre - treatment visual acuity between the two groups (P>0. 05). After different treatments, the visual acuity in group B was ≥0. 5 in 12 eyes, 0. 1≤andCONCLUSION: Two drug therapies ( acyclovir with prednisone acetate tablets, ganciclovir with prednisone acetate tablets and aspirin ) both have positive therapeutic effect, but the latter can better restore visual acuity and decrease the complications.

Clinical observation of 15° face-changing acetabular cup in total hip replacement for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of hip / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore early clinical effect of acetabular cup in total hip replacement for the treatment of Crowe II developmental dysplasia of hip.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen patients (18 hips) with Crowe type II developmental dysplasia of hip were treated with total hip replacement from September 2001 to July 2013. Among them,including 13 males and 5 females aged from 42 to 60 years old with an average of 47.6 years old; the courses of diseases ranged from 9 to 22 years with an average of 13.5 years. All the patients had hip joint pain, limb shortening and limited hip function before operation. Harris score of hip joint were used to evaluate recovery of function at 1 day and 12 months after operation. Prosthetic coverage of acetabular cup at 1 week after operation was observed by using radiography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eighteen patients (18 hips) were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average 17 months. All incisions were healed at stage I. No deep vein thrombosis, hip dislocation, periprosthetic joint infection and prosthesis loosening were occurred. No revision surgery during follow-up period. Prosthetic coverage of acetabular cup was more than 80% at 1 week after operation. Harris score were increased from 42.67 ± 5.06 before operation to 94.79 ± 3.27 at 12 months after operation (t = -45.269, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For type Crowe II developmental dysplasia of hip patients, 15° face-changing acetabular cups in THR could obtain higher actebular component coverage rate and satisfactory early clinical effects.</p>

Diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT for solitary nodular-type bronchoalveolar carcinoma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of solitary nodular-type bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and radiographic data were analyzed retrospectively in 30 patients with pathologically confirmed solitary nodular-type BAC who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT examinations between August, 2005 and December, 2006. The morphological and radioactive findings of the lesions were reviewed, and the maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) were measured. The diagnostic accuracy of PET, PET/CT, and HRCT were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The (18)F-FDG SUV was markedly lower in BAC than in other well differentiated adenocarcinoma. In 19 of the BAC cases, PET showed a SUVmax of no less than 2.5, demonstrating positive changes. Of the total of 30 cases, 5 had ground glass opacity (GGO) changes, 3 exhibited mixed nodules with GGO changes around the lesions, and 22 cases presented with solid nodules. HRCT showed that BAC located often in the superior lobes of the bilateral lungs, mostly below the pleura in the surrounding lung field; the lesions were patchy or nodular with irregular shapes, showing lobulation in 22 cases, spiculation in 15 cases, pleural indentation in 21 cases, and vacuolar changes in 4 cases. The diagnostic accuracy of PET, PET/CT and HRCT for solitary nodular-type BAC was 36.67%, 93.33%, and 93.33%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The SUVmax of BAC provides only limited value for defining the nature of the lesions, but can serve as a general reference for assessing the disease activity. PET/CT, which allows both functional and imaging assessment, can be a valuable modality to reduce the misdiagnosis rate of BAC.</p>

Correlation between lipid metabolism and coronary atherosclerosis in advanced aged patients with coro-nary heart disease / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between lipid metabolism and coronary atherosclerosis in advanced aged patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods:A total of 95 advanced aged patients ,who were suspec-ted CHD and received coronary angiography (CAG) in our hospital from Dec 2010 to Dec 2013 ,were selected .Ac-cording to CAG results ,the 95 patients were divided into CHD group (n=43) and non-CHD group (n=52) .Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed ,and the correlations between blood lipids and coronary atherosclerosis were analyzed .Results:Compared with non-CHD group , the ratio of low density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) [ (2.01 ± 0.65) vs .(2.38 ± 0.92) , P=0.024] significantly rose in CHD group .In CHD group ,number of diseased coronary vessel was positively correlated with triglyceride (TG) level ,LDL-C/HDL-C ,TG/HDL-C and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) , r=0.183~0.256 (P<0.05 all) ,and inversely correlated with HDL-C level (r= -0.243 ,P<0.05);coronary stenosis degree was positively correlated with LDL-C/HDL-C ,TG/HDL-C and AIP (r=0.225~0.331 ,P<0.05) ,and inversely correlated with HDL-C level (r= -0.261 ,P<0.05) .In CHD group ,total Gensini score was positively correlated with blood lipid indexes (r=0.068~0.201 ,P<0.05 or <0.01) and inversely correlated with HDL-C level (r= -0.138 ,P<0.01) .Con-clusion:Elevated plasma HDL-C level can delay progression of coronary heart disease in advanced aged patients with coronary heart disease .LDL-C/HDL-C and AIP are indexes evaluating severity and risk of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease .

Dexamethasone reduces IL-17 and Tim-3 expression in BALF of asthmatic mice / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study investigated the expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin and domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic mice and the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on these factors. Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, asthmatic group and DEX group. The mouse model of asthma was established by sensitization with ovalbumin in both the asthmatic and DEX groups. The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-β were measured in BALF by enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression level of Tim-3 was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The ratio of Tim-3+CD4+ cells to total CD4+ cells in BALF was determined by flow cytometry. Differential inflammatory cells in BALF were detected. The correlations among IL-17, IL-6, IL-10, Tim-3 and inflammatory cells were analyzed. The results showed that the levels of IL-17, IL-6 and Tim-3 were substantially increased and the IL-10 level decreased in BALF in the asthmatic mice, which was significantly reversed by DEX treatment. IL-17 expression was positively correlated with IL-6 and Tim-3 expression and the number of inflammatory cells but negatively with IL-10 expression. These results indicate that the increased expression of IL-17 and Tim-3 in BALF may be implicated in the occurrence and development of asthmatic inflammation; the mechanism by which DEX suppresses asthmatic airway inflammation involves down-regulation of IL-17 and Tim-3 levels.

Dexamethasone reduces IL-17 and Tim-3 expression in BALF of asthmatic mice / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study investigated the expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin and domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic mice and the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on these factors. Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, asthmatic group and DEX group. The mouse model of asthma was established by sensitization with ovalbumin in both the asthmatic and DEX groups. The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-β were measured in BALF by enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression level of Tim-3 was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The ratio of Tim-3+CD4+ cells to total CD4+ cells in BALF was determined by flow cytometry. Differential inflammatory cells in BALF were detected. The correlations among IL-17, IL-6, IL-10, Tim-3 and inflammatory cells were analyzed. The results showed that the levels of IL-17, IL-6 and Tim-3 were substantially increased and the IL-10 level decreased in BALF in the asthmatic mice, which was significantly reversed by DEX treatment. IL-17 expression was positively correlated with IL-6 and Tim-3 expression and the number of inflammatory cells but negatively with IL-10 expression. These results indicate that the increased expression of IL-17 and Tim-3 in BALF may be implicated in the occurrence and development of asthmatic inflammation; the mechanism by which DEX suppresses asthmatic airway inflammation involves down-regulation of IL-17 and Tim-3 levels.

Dynamic expression of P58 IPK in retina of diabetic rats / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The molecular biological mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy(DR)is unclear up to now.Researches have proved that endoplasmic reticulum stress(ER Stress)-associated factors are elevated in peripheral blood in patients with diabetic retinopathy.and P58 IPK can inhibit those factors.So the relationship between P58 IPK and DR is worth to investigate. Objective The aim of this study was to detect the dynamic expression of P58 IPK in the retina of diabetic rats. Methods The diabetic animal models were established in 18 clean male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of stilptozotiein(STZ)at a dose of 60 mg/kg.The rats were sacrificed in 1,3,6 months after injection.The expression change of P58 IPK mRNA in the rats retina was detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Other 6 matched normal rats were used as control groups.This experiment followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results The rats showed more drinking,more food and more urine after STZ injection with the blood glucose level≥ 16.5 mmol/L.The success rate of diabetic models was 100%.The A value of P58 IPK mRNA/β-actin in rat retina was 0.800±0.005 and 0.975±0.008 after injection of STZ.and that of control rats was 0.725±0.006,showing statistically significant difference between them(t=22.589,t=62.784,P＜0.05).In 6 months after injection of STZ,the expression of P58 IPK mRNA in experimental diabetic rat retina was evidently lower than the eontrol rats(0.671±0.004 versus 0.725±0.006,t=-17.984,P＜0.05).Conclusion P58 IPK has a close relation to the pathogenesis of DR,and it plays a retarding role for DR.

Value of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of positron emission tomographic-computed tomographic scanning (PET/CT) in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and the application of PET/CT in the clinical staging of NSCLC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hundred and fifty-eight patients with NSCLC undergoing surgical resection and mediastinoscopy received preoperative examinations with PET/CT. All the patients underwent mediastinal lymph node dissection or sampling, and the pathological results were compared with the imaging findings. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of CT and PET/CT were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Final histology was available for 937 lymph node samples (N1, N2, and N3) from 158 patients during mediastinoscopy or surgical resection. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CT for identifying mediastinal lymph node involvement were 51.0%, 76.1%, 49.0%, and 77.6%, respectively, with an diagnostic accuracy of 68.4%. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of PET/CT were 83.7%, 89.0%, 77.4%, and 92.4%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 87.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mediastinoscopy is essential for patients with positive findings of mediastinal lymph node involvement by PET/CT, but might not be necessary in negative patients.</p>

The effect of kanglaite injection(KLT) on the proliferation and telomerase activity of rat mesangial cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Kanglaite injection(KLT) on the proliferation and telomerase activity of mesangial cells in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>MTT, telomere repeat amplification protocal (TRAP), ELISA, PAGE and silver-stain were applied to detect the growth rate and telomerase activity of MC after stimulation of KLT and IL-1.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The growth rate of MC was enhanced by IL-1 stimulation, which was accompanied with a redection of the activity of telomerase. Adversely, the growth rate of MC was reduced by KLT, which was accompanied with an enhancement of activity of telomerase. Moreover, the growth rate of MC and the activity of telomerase were both inhibited by the combinative use of IL-1 and KLT without any influence from the sequence of their administration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>KLT could inhibit proliferation and telomerase activity of MC with or without pre-stimulation with IL-1. KLT might be useful to prevent and treat glomerular nephritis related to MC proliferation.</p>