Bronchogenic Cyst of Stomach:Report of One Case / 中国医学科学院学报

Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital cysts caused by anomalism of foregut in the embryonic stage.They locate most frequently in the mediastinum and are rarely seen in stomach.Here we report a case of gastric bronchogenic cysts that was diagnosed and treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 2 to 9,2018.

Novel sesquiterpenoids isolated from Chimonanthus praecox and their antibacterial activities / 中国天然药物

In the present study, four new sesquiterpenoids, chimonols A-D (compounds 1-4), together with four known compounds (5-8) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Chimonanthus praecox Link. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR), and their absolute configurations were established by comparing experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1-8 were evaluated for antimicrobial activities and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in 96-well culture plates. Compounds 1, 2, and 7 exhibited weak antibacterial effects for S. aureus (ATCC 6538), E. coli (ATCC 11775), and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) with MIC values being 158-249 µg·mL. Compounds 3-7 showed activities against C. glabrata (ATCC 2001) and S. aureus (ATCC 43300) with MIC values being 128-197 µg·mL. Compounds 1-4 showed activity against S. aureus (ATCC 25923) with MIC values being 162-254 µg·mL. The present study provided a basis for future evaluation of these compounds as antibacterial agents.

Novel sesquiterpenoids isolated from Chimonanthus praecox and their antibacterial activities / 中国天然药物

In the present study, four new sesquiterpenoids, chimonols A-D (compounds 1-4), together with four known compounds (5-8) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Chimonanthus praecox Link. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR), and their absolute configurations were established by comparing experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1-8 were evaluated for antimicrobial activities and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in 96-well culture plates. Compounds 1, 2, and 7 exhibited weak antibacterial effects for S. aureus (ATCC 6538), E. coli (ATCC 11775), and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) with MIC values being 158-249 µg·mL. Compounds 3-7 showed activities against C. glabrata (ATCC 2001) and S. aureus (ATCC 43300) with MIC values being 128-197 µg·mL. Compounds 1-4 showed activity against S. aureus (ATCC 25923) with MIC values being 162-254 µg·mL. The present study provided a basis for future evaluation of these compounds as antibacterial agents.

Effects of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine derivative HL-27 on biological properties of BLM helicase / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of bisbenzyl-isoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine derivative HL-27 on the biological properties of the BLM642-1290 helicase. Methods Fluorescence polarization technique was used to investigate the effects of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine derivative HL-27 on the DNA bind-ing activity and unwinding activity of the BLM642-1290 helicase. Malachite green-phosphate ammonium molyb-date colorimetry was used to investigate the effects of HL-27 on the ATPase activity of the BLM642-1290 heli-case. Ultraviolet spectral scanning was used to investi-gate the effects of HL-27 on the conformation of the BLM642-1290 helicase. Results When the concentra-tion of HL-27 reached 33.34 μmol·L-1, the inhibi-tion ratio of dsDNA and ssDNA binding activity of the BLM642-1290 helicase was 41.35% and 59.54% , re-spectively. When the concentration of HL-27 reached 50 μmol·L-1, the inhibition ratio of DNA unwinding activity of the BLM642-1290 helicase was 78.68% . When the concentration of HL-27 reached 100 μmol· L-1, the inhibition ratio of ATPase activity of the BLM642-1290 helicase was 43.8% . Conclusion The DNA binding activity, ATPase activity and unwinding activity of the BLM642-1290 helicase can be inhibited by bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine derivative HL-27.

Recent highlights of Chinese herbs in treatment of allergic disease: Acting via mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

The histamine receptor antagonists in the treatment of allergic disease have limitations. The treatments of Chinese herbs have some curative effects on allergic skin lesions. Present research indicates that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway might be equally important in allergic reactions. It was found that the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathways might relieve allergy symptoms, and some herbs can inhibit the MAPK pathway, which yields anti-allergy effects. Chinese medicines (CMs) have immense potential in the development of treatments for allergic disease.

Comparison of Multislice Spiral CT Dual Phase and Somatosatatin Receptor Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Pancreas Neuroendocrine Tumors / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To compare the sensitivity of multislice spiral CT dual phase and somatosatatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) in the diagnosis of pancreas nuroendocrine tumors (pNET). Methods Totally 28 patients with pathologically confirmed pNET recieved both CT dual phase contrast and SRS and the results were compared. Results Of these 28 pNET patients,26 (92.8%) were accurately diagnosed by CT dual-phase scan and 20 (71.4%) by SRS (P＝0.031).In the functioning pNET cases,the diagnosis sensitivity of CT dual phase scan and SRS was 94.1% (16/17)and 58.8% (10/17)(P＝0.218). In the non-functioning pNET cases,the sensitivity was 90.9% (10/11) and 90.9% (10/11) (P＝0.740).Diagnostic sensitivity of CT dual phase scan and SRS for pNET without metastasis was 90.4% (19/21) and 57.1% (12/21) (P＝0.125).The sensitivity for pNET with metastasis was 100%(7/7)and 100% (7/7). Corresponding to the pathological grading,the diagnostic sensitivity of CT dual phase scanning and SRS was 84.6% (11/13) and 53.8% (7/13) for G1,100% (12/12) and 83.3% (10/12) for G2,and 100% (3/3) and 100% (3/3) for G3. The diagnostic sensitivity of CT dual phase scan and SRS for pNET with diameter less than or equal to 2.0 cm was 94.7% (18/19) and 52.6% (10/19) (P＝0.008). For pNET with diameter more than 2.0 cm,the sensitivity was 92.8% (13/14) and 100% (14/14). Conclusions Compared with SRS,dual phase CT scan is more sensitive in diagnosing pNET,especially for those in lower pathological stages. For lesions sized less than or equal to 2.0 cm,SRS should be combined with other imaging examinations to minimize false negative results.

Studies on flavonoids from Derris eriocarpa / 中国中药杂志

Derris eriocarpa, a traditional Chinese medicine belonging to the family of Leguminosae, is widely distributed mainly over Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou of China. Modern pharmacological researches on this herb showed that it had extensive bioactivities, such as promoting urination, removing dampness and cough and reducing inspissated mucus and other biological activities. The extensive studies on the chemical constituents of this plant have resulted in the isolation of triterpenoids, steroids, fatty acid and others, but the flavone compounds haven't reported before. In our further research on the ethyl acetate of this plant, nine flavone compounds were obtained by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, semi-prep HPLC, polyamide column chromatography and recrystallization for separation and purification. The structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including MS, NMR experiments and comparison with spectroscopic data in the literature, respectively, as diosmetin (1), 3, 3'-di-O-methylquercetin (2), afromosin (3), 6, 3'-dihydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (4), odoratin (5), 7, 3'-dihydroxy-8, 4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (6), 6, 4'-dihydroxy-7, 3'-dimethoxyisoflavone (7), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-3, 3', 5'-trimethoxyflavone (8), and alpinumisoflavone (9). All these compounds were isolated from Derris eriocarpa How for the first time. And the in vitro assays showed that compound 2 possessed moderate inhibitory activity against human cancer cells K562 and HEL.

Combined effects of 50 Hz magnetic field and magnetic nanoparticles on the proliferation and apoptosis of PC12 cells / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the bioeffects of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (MF) (50 Hz, 400 μT) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays on PC12 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MNPs modified by SiO₂ (MNP-SiO₂) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering and hysteresis loop measurement. PC12 cells were administrated with MNP-SiO2 with or without MF exposure for 48 h. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were evaluated with MTT assay and annexin V-FITC/PI staining, respectively. The morphology and uptake of MNP-SiO₂ were determined by TEM. MF simulation was performed by Ansoft Maxwell based on the finite element method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MNP-SiO₂ were identified as ~20 nm (diameter) ferromagnetic particles. MNP-SiO₂ reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. MF also reduced cell viability with increasing concentrations of MNP-SiO₂. MNP-SiO₂ alone did not cause apoptosis in PC12 cells; instead, the proportion of apoptotic cells increased significantly under MF exposure and increasing doses of MNP-SiO₂. MNP-SiO₂ could be ingested and then cause a slight change in cell morphology.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined exposure of MF and MNP-SiO₂ resulted in remarkable cytotoxicity and increased apoptosis in PC12 cells. The results suggested that MF exposure could strengthen the MF of MNPs, which may enhance the bioeffects of ELF MF.</p>

Application of diffusion weighted imaging in rectal cancer diagnosis / 中国医学科学院学报

Magnetic resonance imaging has became the major method for rectal cancer diagnosis. As a novel magnetic resonance functional imaging technique, diffusion-weighted imaging has improved the lesion detection sensitivity and provided more information on changes in body functions. The past two decades have witnessed the increasing application of this technique in clinical practices. This article summarizes the application of diffusion weighted imaging in rectal cancer diagnosis.

Clinical application of magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative evaluation of endometrial cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative assessment of endometrial cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-four patients with histopathologically confirmed endometrial carcinoma were retrospectively enrolled in this study. MRI findings were compared with the pathologic findings in all cases. The depth of myometrial invasion and lymph node metastasis were evaluated by T2 weighted imaging (T2WI) combined with contrast enhancement or diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among these 94 patients,62 had no or superficial myometrial involvement and 32 cases had deep myometrial involvement. Meanwhile, 24 groups of metastatic lymph nodes and 164 groups of non-metastatic lymph nodes were detected. The accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of T2WI combined with contrast enhancement in discriminating no/superficial myometrial involvement from deep myometrial involvement were 88.3%, 90.3%, 84.4%, 91.8%, and 81.8%, whereas those of T2WI combined with DWI were 81.9%, 87.1%, 71.9%, 85.7%, and 74.2%, respectively. The accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of T2WI combined with contrast enhancement in identifying metastatic lymph nodes were 89.4%, 96.8%, 54.5%, 90.9%, and 78.3%, whereas those of T2WI combined with DWI were 91.5%, 95.5%, 72.7%, 94.3%, and 77.4%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>T2WI combined with contrast enhancement is superior to T2WI combined with DWI in evaluation of the depth of myometrial invasion. However, DWI is more sensitive in identifying lymph node metastasis than T2WI combined with contrast enhancement.</p>

Diagnostic value of CT enterography in patients with Crohn's disease / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the diagnostic value of CT enterography in patients with Crohn's disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Multi-detector CT enterography and small bowel follow-through were performed in 30 patients with Crohn's disease. The locations and characteristics of the intestinal and extra-intestinal lesions detected by both two techniques were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Skip lesions were diagnosed in 16 patients (53.3%) by CT enterography and in 9 patients (30%) by small bowel follow-through (P = 0.039). Mucosal changes were detected in 29 patients (96.7%) by CT enterography and in 18 patients (60%) by small bowel follow-through (P = 0.001). Among 11 patients whose small bowel follow-through did not show abnormal mucosal changes, 8 patients underwent endoscopy, which showed superficial ulcer with or without mucosal congestion and edema in 5 patients, mucosal congestion and edema in 2 patients, and mucosal erosion in 1 patient. CT enterography and small bowel follow-through consistently depicted fistula in 3 patients and had no significant difference in diagnosing intestinal stenosis. CT enterography also exclusively detected abdominal abscess in one patient.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CT enterography is superior to small bowel follow-through in diagnosing the disease location and characteristics of Crohn's disease; furthermore, it can detect more extra-intestinal lesions. CT enterography has potential to replace small bowel follow-through as the imaging examination of choice for patients with Crohn's disease.</p>

Application of computed tomographic colonography in diagnosis of colonic polyps / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the clinical values of computed tomographic colonography (CTC) in diagnosis of colonic polyps.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-two patients who were clinically suspicious of colonic polyps or underwent colonic polyps screening received examinations with both CTC and conventional colonoscopy. Sixteen- or 64-slice spiral computed tomography and professional imaging processing techniques were used for evaluation. Per-polyp and per-patient results were analyzed. Those by per-polyp were subsequently divided into > or = 10 mm group, 5-10 mm group, and < or =5 mm group. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated using statistical method for diagnostic studies, with conventional colonoscopy as a gold standard.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ninety and 61 polyps were found by CTC and conventional colonoscopy, respectively. The per-polyp sensitivity/PPV were 80.3%/55.6% in total, and 100%/92.9%, 93.8%/65.2%, and 68.8%/ 41.5% in the > or = 10 mm group, 5-10 mm group, and < or =5 mm group, respectively. The per-patient sensitivity, PPV, specificity, NPV, and accuracy were 97.1%, 89.5%, 42.9%, 75.0%, and 88.1%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CTC can clearly reveal the morphology of colonic polyps and be used as a routine monitoring method for the clinical diagnosis of polyps.</p>

Computed tomography appearance of pseudomyxoma peritonei / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of computed tomography (CT) appearance in pseudomyxoma peritonei.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CT findings were retrospectively reviewed in 7 patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed pseudomyxoma peritonei.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients had large-volume ascites with heterogeneous density, hepatic and splenic scallopings, and peritoneal and omental infiltration on CT. Omental cakes in 3 patients and appendiceal masses in 2 patients were found. Other findings included calcification, septa, mucinous masses, pleural effusion, and ureteral dilation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CT appearance in pseudomyxoma peritonei has certain characteristics, which should be carefully recognized by radiologists during examinations.</p>

Characterization and diagnostic accuracy of serous cystadenomas and mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas with multi-slice helical computed tomography / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility of using multi-slice helical computed tomography (MS-CT) to accurately distinguish serous cystadenomas from mucinous cystadenomas or cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas and to determine their radiographic appearances that can be applied for differentiative diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed a single-blind retrospective analysis of CT images of 30 patients with pathologically proven primary cystic pancreatic neoplasms (12 cases of serous cystadenomas, 14 cases of mucinous cystadenomas, and 4 cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinomas) to reach a diagnosis of either serous cystadenoma or mucinous cystic tumor. CT features such as tumor location, septations, presence of calcification, features of cystic wall, papillary excrescences, and size of the largest cyst were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of certain CT findings in the differentiation of serous cystadenomas and mucinous neoplasms.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 9 (75.0%) serous cystadenomas and 16 (88.9%) mucinous tumors were correctly diagnosed. Three serous cystadenomas were misdiagnosed as mucinous cystadenomas, while 2 mucinous neoplasms were misdiagnosed as serous cystadenomas. And 9 (75.0%) serous cystadenomas were located at the pancreatic head and neck areas, while 12 (66.7%) mucinous neoplasms were located at the pancreatic body and tail areas (P < 0.05). The presence of calcification, especially central calcification, had statistical significance in differentiating serous cystadenoma from mucinous neoplasms (P < 0.05). The size of the largest cyst over 2 cm was positive associated with mucinous neoplasms (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CT characteristics between serous cystadenomas and mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas have distinct difference, which validates the values of CT in differentiating these tumors. However, atypical CT appearances may compromise its diagnostic accuracy.</p>

Application of CT colonography in diagnosis of colonic polyps / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the clinical values of CT colonography (CTC) in the diagnosis of colonic polyps.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-two patients who were clinically suspicious of colonic polyps or underwent colonic polyps screening received both CTC and conventional colonoscopy. Sixteen or 64-slice spiral CT and professional imaging processing techniques were used for evaluation. Per-polyp and per-patient results were analyzed. Those by per-polyp were subsequently divided into > or = 10 mm group, 5-10 mm group, and < or = 5 mm group. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated using statistical method for diagnostic studies, with conventional colonoscopy as a gold standard.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ninety and 61 polyps were found by CTC and conventional colonoscopy, respectively. Sensitivity and PPV were 80.3%/55.6% by per-polyp and 100%/92.9%, 93.8%/65.2%, and 68.8%/ 41.5% in the > or = 10 mm group, 5-10 mm group, and < or = 5 mm group, respectively. Sensitivity, PPV, specificity, NPV, and accuracy by per-patient were 97.1%, 89.5%, 42.9%, 75.0%, and 88.1%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CTC can clearly reveal the morphology of colonic polyps and can be used as a routine monitoring method for the clinical diagnosis of polyps.</p>

Cochlear implantation in patients with ossified cochleas / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The ossified cochlea was no longer an absolute contra-indication to cochlear implantation but it was still a challenge even for the experienced otologist. To report the condition of cochlear implantation and the hearing results of 31 cases of cochlear ossification.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis of cochlear implantation of 720 cases of cochlear implantation from May 1995 to July 2005 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-one cochlear ossification patients was found from all the 720 surgeries which included 27 mild cases and 4 severe ones, 14 males, 17 females. And the age of operation was 1. 4 - 59. 0 years old , mean age was 13. 2 years old. All of them had cochlear implanted through mastoid-facial recess. There was no complications during or post the operations. And the hearing threshold was about 40 dB in the sound field, the results were similar to those without cochlear ossification.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although it was difficult of cochlear implantation in cochlear ossification patients, but in most cases especially mild ones all the electrodes could be implanted after clearing the ossified tissue, and had few damage to the electrodes. Now it was possible to practice in the partial cochlea ossification.</p>

Cloning and Characterization of 5′Flanking Region of Nitrate Reductase Gene Derived from Dunaliella salina / 中国生物工程杂志

Aim: Clone and characterize of the 5′- flanking region of the nitrate reductase (NR) gene derived from Dunaliella salina(D. salina). Methods : The genomic DNA from D. salina was respectively digested with BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, Pst I, Sal I and Xba I. A genomic walking cassette was ligated to the ends of the digested DNA fragments, and then genomic walking libraries comprising BL, EL, HL, PL, SL and XL were constsucted. The 5′- flanking region of the NR gene from genomic walking libraries of D. salina was amplified by LA-PCR. The DNA sequences were analyzed with the software - Promoter Predictions. Isolated 5′-flanking regions fused to the GUS gene were tested for transient expression in the alga. Results: A single specific PCR product of about 1200bp in length from the HL library was generated. Also, several conserved motifs, such as CAAT-box, GAGA-box were found, which are related to regulation of transcription, and the putative binding sites of transcriptional factors such as EBP, EFII, NF-E1 and LV. BLAST showed that the DNA sequences shared high homology with 5′-upstream region of the NR gene from Dunaliella viridis. The isolated 5′-flanking regions were able to strongly drive GUS reporter gene expression, suggesting that it contains the promoter elements necessary for the transcription of the NR gene. The expression pattern of the GUS gene and the NR gene were similar, both ware induced by nitrate and repressed by ammonium. Conclusion: The cloned 5′- flanking sequences of NR gene derived from D. salina might be a specific promoter with the ability to“switch on or off” an expression of the heterologous gene in transgenic D. salina.

Using of multislice helical CT colonography in patients with malignant lesions of colon / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the techniques and clinical applications of multislice helical computed tomography (CT) colonography in colonic lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-nine patients with malignant lesions of colon underwent volume scanning using multislice helical CT. Four types of reconstruction including CT virtual colonoscopy (CTVC), shaded surface display (SSD), Raysum, and multiple planar reconstruction (MPR) were used for image post-processing. The results were compared with those of colonoscopy and pathology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Multislice helical CT colonography detected 54 colorectal carcinomas, 4 adenomas with focal carcinoma, 1 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The lesions' number, size, location, morphology, stricture of intestinal cavity, infiltration, and metastasis were shown satisfactorily by multislice helical CT colonography. Whole colon could be shown in all patients. CT colonography displayed 4 synchronous colonic tumors, 1 ascending colon carcinoma combined with left renal carcinoma among 54 patients with colonic carcinomas. The accuracy of location of CT colonography was 100%. There were 9 cases that CT showed the tumor location was different from the finding of conventional colonoscopy, while all of the CT location were proven exact by operation. CT colonography also displayed the infiltration of serous layer and fatty tissue in 45 cases; 21 cases matched the pathological results in all the 24 cases of suspicious lymph node metastasis, the sensitivity was 87.5%, the specificity was 90.6%; 9 cases hepatic metastasis, 2 ovarian metastasis, and 1 double adrenal gland metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Multislice helical CT colonography is effective in preoperative diagnosis, location, stage, and making treatment plan of colorectal carcinoma. It can display the portion not seen during colonoscopy and may have an adjunctive role.</p>

Magnetic resonance imaging of congenital vaginal anomalies / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging manifestations in vaginal anomalies, and to discuss the utility and limit of MR imaging in diagnosis of this abnormality.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine female patients with congenital vaginal anomalies who required surgical intervention were studied. MR imaging and ultrasound of the pelvic was performed before surgery. MR imaging features were retrospectively analyzed correlating with surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The vaginal anomalies were categorized into three groups: (1) congenital absence of the vagina and uterus, i.e. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH syndrome) (n=3); (2) vaginal atresia (n=2); and (3) transverse vaginal septum (n=2). There was also one case of absence of vaginal with complicated urinogenital abnormality, and 1 case of obstructed hymen.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MRI is a reliable method for evaluating vaginal anomalies. An accurate MRI examination can be helpful for surgical management.</p>

Techniques and clinical applications of 16 multislice helical CT in colonic diseases / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the techniques and clinical applications of 16 multislice helical CT in colonic lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-one patients including 54 colorectal carcinomas, 5 adenomas, 1 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 6 inflammatory bowel diseases, and other 15 cases underwent volume scanning using 16 multislice helical CT. Four types of reconstruction included multiple planar reconstruction, shaded surface display, raysum, and CT virtual colonoscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Complete colon could be shown in all patients. The lesions' morphology, number, size, location, intestinal cavity, pericolonic changes, and other abdominal organs were satisfactorily shown by CT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Sixteen multislice helical CT colonography is a valuable imaging technique for detecting colonic diseases. It is effective in diagnosis and treatment planning. It can display the portions of colon that is inaccessible at colonoscopy.</p>