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Hereditary prostate cancer has the highest hereditary rate in men cancers. Genes associated with hereditary prostate cancer susceptibility include mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2) and homologous recombination genes (BRCA1/2, ATM, PALB2, CHEK2), and single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants also play a role in genetic mutations. Early onset, rapid disease progression and locally advanced stage are the main features of hereditary prostate cancer. Patients with potentially hereditary prostate cancer would benefit from undergoing genetic testing or counseling. This article reviews the current status of the prevalence, incidence characteristics, and etiology of familial hereditary prostate cancer and other research advances.
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Objective@#To examine the outcomes of surgical treatment in patients of type Stanford A aortic dissection with Kommerell′s diverticulum.@*Methods@#From January 2009 to August 2017, patients of type Stanford A aortic dissection with Kommerell′s diverticulum who underwent the Sun procedure were enrolled. Patient demographic, preoperative, intraoperative, early morbidity and mortality data were collected from medical and electronic patient records. Clinical follow-up data, including late morbidity and mortality, were obtained by telephone interview with the patient.@*Results@#A total of 13 patients (11 males and 2 females; mean age 47 years) were included. The mean maximum diameter of Kommerell′s diverticulum was (21.8±7.7) mm. The Kommerell′s diverticulum was repaired by direct suture of the orifice in 3 patients, ligation of the aberrant right subclavian artery in 9 patients, and suture and ligation in 1 patient, respectively. No perioperative death occurred. One patient underwent a reexploration for bleeding. There were 2 late deaths: unknown reason in 1 patient and septic shock secondary to renal abscess in 1 patient. Reintervention was performed in one patient for a persistent type Ⅱ endoleak.@*Conclusions@#The Sun procedure with femoral artery cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass, unilateral carotid artery cannulation for selective cerebral perfusion and ligation of aberrant right subclavian artery on the right side of the trachea is an appropriate therapeutic strategy for patients of type Stanford A aortic dissection with Kommerell′s diverticulum.
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Objective@#To examine the outcomes of surgical treatment in patients of type Stanford A aortic dissection with Kommerell′s diverticulum.@*Methods@#From January 2009 to August 2017, patients of type Stanford A aortic dissection with Kommerell′s diverticulum who underwent the Sun procedure were enrolled. Patient demographic, preoperative, intraoperative, early morbidity and mortality data were collected from medical and electronic patient records. Clinical follow-up data, including late morbidity and mortality, were obtained by telephone interview with the patient.@*Results@#A total of 13 patients (11 males and 2 females; mean age 47 years) were included. The mean maximum diameter of Kommerell′s diverticulum was (21.8±7.7) mm. The Kommerell′s diverticulum was repaired by direct suture of the orifice in 3 patients, ligation of the aberrant right subclavian artery in 9 patients, and suture and ligation in 1 patient, respectively. No perioperative death occurred. One patient underwent a reexploration for bleeding. There were 2 late deaths: unknown reason in 1 patient and septic shock secondary to renal abscess in 1 patient. Reintervention was performed in one patient for a persistent type Ⅱ endoleak.@*Conclusions@#The Sun procedure with femoral artery cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass, unilateral carotid artery cannulation for selective cerebral perfusion and ligation of aberrant right subclavian artery on the right side of the trachea is an appropriate therapeutic strategy for patients of type Stanford A aortic dissection with Kommerell′s diverticulum.
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Despite the improvements in the diagnosis and management during the past six decades, acute aortic dissection (AAD) remains a life-threatening condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Due to the relatively rare occurrence of AAD, several clinical registries have been established to gain insights into this lethal disease in a large number of patients, such as the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD), the German Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (GERAADA), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Adult Cardiac Surgery Database Aortic Section. This review aims to interpret and compare the latest results of the IRAD, STS and GERAADA database. It focuses on several controversial and key issues in the diagnosis and management of acute aortic dissection in hope of providing some insights and references for cardiovascular professionals engaged in the care of this deadly disease.
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Objective Stanford type A aortic dissection(TAAD) involving aortic arch in following prior Bentall procedure in patients with Madfan syndrome(MFS) is uncommon.The purpose of the study was to assess the early and long-term outcomes of this kind of patients underwent total arch replacement and frozen elephant trunk (TAR + FET).Methods Between February 2009 and February 2016,141 patients with Marfan syndrome(confirmed by revised Ghent Criteria) underwent TAR + FET for TAAD,of those 11 (7.8 ％) patients (8 acute) following a prior Bentall procedure and without dissection in distal aorta.Mean age at FET was(43.2 ± 8.6) years and 10 were males.Hypertension was seen in 4 (36.4％) and family history was seen in 7 (63.6％).The interval from Bentall procedure to FET averaged (11.3 ± 5.8) years.Two groups were segregated by the maximal diameter of descending aorta more than 40 mm or not.The early and long-term outcomes were analyzed and risk factors identified for late adverse events.Results Operative mortality was 27.3 ％ (3/11).No spinal cord injury occurred.The cause of death was long time of surgery,multiorgan failure,stroke and cerebral hemorrhage and rupture of distal aorta.Follow-up was complete in 100％,averaging(5.3-± 2.0)years(range 2.1-8.1 years).Obliteration of the false lumen was seen in 100％ across the proximal FET and 75.0％ in the unstented descending aorta.Distal aortic dilation occurred in 3 patients which were waiting open thoracoabdominal aortic repair(TAAAR) but no reoperation yet.Of those 8 patients,2 died of non-cardiac reason.The DMax of FET segment has significant grow in DA more than 40ram group than less than 40mm group (P =0.01).Another segment of distal aorta has no significant different.Survival were 81.8％,72.7％ and 63.6％ at 1 month,1 year and 6 years after surgery.Conclusion Using Sun's procedure for Marfan patients for type A aortic dissection involving aortic arch following previous Bentall procedure was safe and technically feasible with good long-term outcomes,but higher early death.The DMax of descending aorta more than 40mm was at higher risk for early death,late distal aortic dilation,and reoperation.
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Objective Continued debates exist regarding optimal surgical approach to acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).This study aims to report the early and mid-to long-term outcomes of frozen elephant trunk and total arch replacement (FET + TAR) technique in patients with ATAAD involving the arch and descending aorta.Methods Between April 2003 and September 2012,we performed FET + TAR (the Sun procedure) for 456 patients with ATAAD (376 males,82.5％) at mean (5.0±3.8) days from symptom onset (median 4 days,range 4 hours to 14 days).Mean age was (46 ± 10) years.Concomitant root or valve provcedures were performed in 221 patients (48.5 ％).The outcomes were compared between patients with and without root procedures and risk factors for adverse events identified using multivariate analysis.Results Operative mortality was 8.1％ (37/456).Stroke occurred in 13 eases (2.8％),spinal cord injury in 11 (2.4％),acute renal failure in 18 (3.0％) and reexploration for bleeding in 10 (2.2％).Risk factors for operative mortality were preoperative malperfusion of the brain (odds ratio,OR 7.463,P =0.002) and spinal cord (OR 45.325,P =0.003) and time (min) of cardiopulmonary bypass (OR 1.014,P ＜0.001).Follow-up was complete in 97.6％ (409/419) averaging (5.7 ±2.4) years (range 0.2-12.0).Late death occurred in 32 patients and reoperation in 23.At 5,8 and 10 years,survival 87.7％,83.1％ and 70.5％,and freedom from reoperation was 94.8％,89.3％ and 84.3％,respectively,which did not differ with root procedure and acuity.Postoperative stroke was risk factor for late death (OR 14.452,P =0.014).The time from diagnosis to surgery (days) was risk factor for reoperation (OR 1.188,P =0.024).Patients with concomitant root procedure showed a significant trend towards lower late mortality (OR 0.377,P =0.021) and increased reoperation risk (OR 2.663,P =0.037).Competing risks analysis showed that at 3,5,8 and 10 years,mortality was 2％,5％,10％ and 23％,reoperation was 3％,5％,8％ and 10％,and reoperation-free survival was 95％,90％,82％ and 67％,respectively.Conclusion In this large series of patients with ATAAD,FET + TAR has achieved lower early mortality and morbidity and favorable late survival and freedom from reoperation.A concomitant root procedure could significantly reduce long-term survival without increasing risk for operative mortality.
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Objective Continued debates exist regarding optimal surgical approach to acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).This study aims to report the early and mid-to long-term outcomes of frozen elephant trunk and total arch replacement (FET + TAR) technique in patients with ATAAD involving the arch and descending aorta.Methods Between April 2003 and September 2012,we performed FET + TAR (the Sun procedure) for 456 patients with ATAAD (376 males,82.5％) at mean (5.0±3.8) days from symptom onset (median 4 days,range 4 hours to 14 days).Mean age was (46 ± 10) years.Concomitant root or valve provcedures were performed in 221 patients (48.5 ％).The outcomes were compared between patients with and without root procedures and risk factors for adverse events identified using multivariate analysis.Results Operative mortality was 8.1％ (37/456).Stroke occurred in 13 eases (2.8％),spinal cord injury in 11 (2.4％),acute renal failure in 18 (3.0％) and reexploration for bleeding in 10 (2.2％).Risk factors for operative mortality were preoperative malperfusion of the brain (odds ratio,OR 7.463,P =0.002) and spinal cord (OR 45.325,P =0.003) and time (min) of cardiopulmonary bypass (OR 1.014,P ＜0.001).Follow-up was complete in 97.6％ (409/419) averaging (5.7 ±2.4) years (range 0.2-12.0).Late death occurred in 32 patients and reoperation in 23.At 5,8 and 10 years,survival 87.7％,83.1％ and 70.5％,and freedom from reoperation was 94.8％,89.3％ and 84.3％,respectively,which did not differ with root procedure and acuity.Postoperative stroke was risk factor for late death (OR 14.452,P =0.014).The time from diagnosis to surgery (days) was risk factor for reoperation (OR 1.188,P =0.024).Patients with concomitant root procedure showed a significant trend towards lower late mortality (OR 0.377,P =0.021) and increased reoperation risk (OR 2.663,P =0.037).Competing risks analysis showed that at 3,5,8 and 10 years,mortality was 2％,5％,10％ and 23％,reoperation was 3％,5％,8％ and 10％,and reoperation-free survival was 95％,90％,82％ and 67％,respectively.Conclusion In this large series of patients with ATAAD,FET + TAR has achieved lower early mortality and morbidity and favorable late survival and freedom from reoperation.A concomitant root procedure could significantly reduce long-term survival without increasing risk for operative mortality.
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Objective To explore the effects of Chinese herbal compound, Tengmei decoction, on type II collagen-induced arthritis ( CIA) in rats, and to examine the changes of arthritis index ( AI) , limb swelling, joint tissue inflammatory infiltration, and the effects on immune-inflammatory factors.Methods Sprague-Dawley rat models of arthritis were successfully established by intradermal injection of type II collagen and Freund’ s complete adjuvant.The model rats were randomly divided into model group, positive drug group, and high-and low-dose Chinese medicine groups, 6 rats in each group.The intervention and treatment period was 12 weeks.To measure weekly the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the rear ankles and wrists, the transverse diameter of the claw foot palm pad, the thickness and the highest point width of hind limb plantar joint swelling, and to evaluate the integrated scores of joints and limbs swelling using a vernier caliper.Results ①Compared with the normal group, the total arthritis scores and hind limbs AI scores of the model group were significantly increased ( P <0.05 or P <0.01 ) .The left forelimb AI scores were significantly increased during 10 -12 weeks ( P <0.05 ) .The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the left hind limb, the thickness of the highest point measurement of the left hind foot pad metatarsal were significantly increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) in different time periods between 1-12 weeks.Compared with the model group, the total scores and the left hind limb joints AI scores of the high-and low-dose drug groups were decreased after 6 weeks (P<0.05).②Compared with the normal control group, levels of mRNA transcription and protein expression of IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly up-regulated ( P<0.01 ) in the model group.Compared with the model group, the levels of mRNA transcription and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-αproteins were significantly down-regulated in the positive group and Chinese medicine groups ( P <0.01 ) .③ Histological examination showed that the low-dose TCM significantly improved the CIA synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusions The molecular mechanism of Chinese herbal compound Tengmei decotion in improving joint pathological injury of CIA rat models may be related to its inhibitory effect on the high expression of immune-inflammatory factors in the synovial tissue of CIA rats.
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Objective To summary and explore the indications,safety and effectiveness of no touch ostial cardioplegia delivery method during aortic valve replacement(AVR) for severe aortic insufficiency(AI),in order to provide guidance for clinical application.Methods Between September 2012 and February 2015,63 cases were randomly divided into two groups,in study group we used this technique in 31 patients with a mean age of(58.0 ± 15.0) years and a range of 31 to 74 years old.The degree of AI averaged (3.5 ± 0.5) according to a semiquantitative 5-grade scale[1].32 patients were enrolled in control group with a mean age of(60.4 ± 9.4) years and a range of 22 to 73 years old.The degree of AI averaged (3.6 ± 0.5).The abnormal aortic cusps were sutured though the aortic incision,which would be closed temporarily.Blood cardioplegia was infused repeatedly into the coronary osita through the closed aortic incision during the remainder of the procedure except AVR,when the closed aortic incision was reopened.Results In the study group,spontaneous resumption of nodal and normal sinus rhythm shortly after the removal of aortic cross-clamp was achieved in all patients,no hearts had to be electrically defibrillated and electrocardiogram showed no obvious S-T segment elevation.The time from cross-clamp removal to sinus rhythm was(12.3 ± 7.7) minutes in the study group,versus (18.6 ± 8.2) minutes in the control group(P =0.037).No operative mortality occurred in both groups.There was a significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction[from(0.54 ± 0.09) preoperatively to(0.62 ± 0.06) postoperatively] (P =0.005) in patients of the study group,which was not seen in patients of the control group.Conclusion Preliminary results have shown that the no touch ostial cardioplegia delivery method is a feasible method for cardioplegia infusion during aortic valve replacement in patients with severe AI.
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Objective To discuss the timing and procedures of reoperations on the residual aortic dissection after initial ascending aortic operations on Stanford type A aortic dissection.Methods From March 2009 to November 2011,16 consecutive patients(13 males,3 females) underwent reoperations on the residual aortic dissection.The mean age was 44 years(23-61 years),8 cases was associated with Marfan syndrome.The right axillary artery or femoral artery cannulation was used for cardiopulmonary bypass,cerebral protection was achieved by unilateral antegrade brain perfusion and nasopharyngeal temperature was dropped to 20℃-25℃.The Sun's procedure (total arch replacement with stented elephant trunk implantation) was performed in all patients,concomitant procedure include aortic root replacement (Bentall procedune) in 3 patients,aortic root replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting (Bentall + CABG) in 1 patient,the coronary artery anastomotic leakage repair in 1 patient,mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 1 patient.Results The interval between two operations averaged(66 ±40)months.The means of cardiopulmonary bypass,cross clamp and selective cerebral perfusion times were(193 ± 49)minutes,(90 ±28) minutes and(22 ± 10) minutes,respectively.The mean time to tracheal extubation was(17 ± 10) hours.All patients survived from the operation.One patient suffered from temporary left lower limb paralysis and recovered after treatment during follow-up.Computed tomography angiography (CTA)of aorta was performed on each patient before discharged from the hospital:descending aortic true lumen was significantly expanded,thrombosis of false lumen was found near stent graft.The average follow-up time was 17 (3-42) months,one patient died of aortic rupture 3 months later,one patient underwent total thoracoabdominal aorta replacement 6 months later,one patient with descending thoracic aortic dilatation combined with endometrial tear underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair.Conclusion Reoperation should be performed as the following condition:the annual growth rate of residual aortic diameter exceeds 0.5 cm/year,the maximal aortic diameter exceeds 5 cm.The Sun's procedure (total arch replacement with the elephant trunk implantation) is safe and effective in the treatment of residual aortic dissection,low mortality and complications was achieved by it,the mid-and long-term results need the further follow-up.
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Objective To observe the effect of Compoud Qingqin Liquids on renal function of rat model of uric acid nephropathy, and to discuss its protection of renal function. Methods The rat model was induced by gavaging adenine and feeding yeast. SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive group, and high-, medium-, low-dose groups of Chinese medicine. Blank control group and model group were daily gavaged with distilled water, positive control group was daily gavaged with allopurinol by 9.33 mg/kg, and high-, medium-, low-dose group of Chinese medicine was daily gavaged with Compound Qinggin Liguids by 3.77, 1.89, 0.09 g/(kg·d) respectively for 6 weeks. General condition of rats were observed, renal pathological changes were observed with light and electron microscope. Urine protein concentration, blood uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and kidney weight index were respectively tested before and after treatment. Results There were no significant differences in eating, drinking and body weight between before and after modeling. Compoud Qingqin Liquids can obviously decrease the concentration of urine protein, blood uric acid, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and kidney weight index (P<0.05) of rats with uric acid nephropathy. Renal tubular epithelial cells atrophy and renal interstitial fibrosis of high-dose group of Chinese medicine were not evident. Conclusion Compoud Qingqin Liquids can protect the rats renal function against uric acid renal injury.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of simultaneous hybrid carotid artery stenting and off-pump coronary artery bypass in the treatment of coronary artery disease associated with serious carotid artery stenosis.Methods From January 2008 to December 2010,30 consecutive patients of CAD associated with serious carotid artery stenosis underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass.Fifteen patients received the hybrid revascularization by carotid artery stenting,immediately followed by off-pump coronary artery bypass and 15 consecutive patients underwent staged carotid artery stenting and off-pump coronary artery bypass.ResultsRevascularization was successful in all 30 patients ( 100％ ).There were no procedure-related complications and no in-hospital death for both procedures.Although the postoperative courses were uneventful with the exception of 2 patients who suffered from strokes,no vital organ dysfunction occurred.In the staged group,atrial fibrillation,acute renal inefficiency and reoperation for bleeding occurred each in 1 patient,respectively.There was no significant difference in the ventilation time [(31.7 ± 27.8 ) h vs ( 17.9 ± 7.06 ) h,P =0.073],intensive care unit stay [( 87.7 ± 61.6 ) vs (52.3 ± 80.8) h,P=0.189],and the volume of chest drainage [(945 ±260) ml vs (764 ±334) ml,P =0.109] between the hybrid revascularization and staged procedure groups.There was a shorter hospital stay after CAS of patients undergoing hybrid CAS-OPCAB compared with staged CAS-OPCAB [(9.7 ± 3.3 ) vs ( 17.1 ± 6.9 ) days,P =0.001].Conclusion For patients with both carotid artery stenosis and coronary artery disease,simultaneous hybrid or staged revascularization by carotid artery stenting,followed with off-pump coronary artery bypass,are feasible,safe,and less invasive therapeutic strategies.Both procedures do not influence the liver and renal function.Besides,no significant difference exists in the volume of chest drainage,ICU stay,respirator time,and between the staged and hybrid procedures.Compared with staged CAS-OPCAB the patients undergoing hybrid CAS-OPCAB strategy needs a shorter postoperative hospital stay time and decreases the total hospitalization cost at hospital.Further investigation are warranted to study its long-term efficacy.
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Objective To analyze the short-term results of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR)for patients with acute type B aortic dissection and chronic renal insufficiency (CRI ).Methods Between February 2009 and December 2012,EVAR was performed in 30 patients with acute type B aortic dissection and CRI (CRI group).Consecutive 30 patients with acute type B aortic dissection whose renal function was normal during the same period was chosen as the control group (non-CRI group).All patients were within 14 days after onset,in which Marfan syndrome was excluded and diagnosis made by computed tomographic angiography (CTA) before the procedure.In 57 patients,EVAR was performed under looal anesthesia and associated procedures included insertion of a chimney stent in the left subclavian artery in 2 case and a bare metal stent in the renl artery in 2,In 3 patients,EVAR was done following right axillary artery-to-left axillary and left subclavian artery bypass with a Y-shaped graft under general anesthesia.Follow-up regimen included renal function and CTA at I month and 1 year postoperatively.Results Compared to the non-CRI group,patients in the CRI grup was significantly younger [ (44.7±13.2) years versus (53.7±16.2)years,P ＜0.05)and had a higher rate of perioperative complications (cerebrospinal ischemia,deterioration of renal dysfunction,and gastroenteral dysfunction) (16.7％ versus 3.3％,P ＜0.05 ),all of which resolved after surgical or medical treatment.One patient in CRI group was readmitted at 6 months for a redo EVAR to treat a new tear distal to the stent.At 1 month and I year postoperatively,no patients suffered from deterioration ofthe renal function,and their CTAs detected no apparent device deformation,alteration and endoleak,with remsrkable improvement in the blood supply of the aortic trie lumen and branches.Conchusion Satisfactory short-term results can be achieved with EVAR for patients with acute type B aortic dissection and CRI.At I month and 1 year postoperatively,no mortality or morbidity occumed such as endoleak,aortic rupture,neurologic and abdominal ischermia.
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Objective To summarize our clinical experience and results of intraoperative stented elephant trunk technique on Stanford type B dissection.Methods From March 2009 to December 2011,24 patients of Stanford type B aortic dissection with insufficient anchored zone or the left subclavian artery involvement underwent intraoperative stented elephant trunk technique in Beijing AnZhen Hospital.Of these patients,20 were male and 4 female,with a mean age of (50.6 ± 9.8) years,(36-77 years).Associated with hypertension in 20 cases,aortic root aneurysm in 1 case,aortic insufficiency in 2 cases,mitral insufficiency in 1 case,coarctation of the aorta in 1 case; 14 cases had a history of smoking.The postoperative internal fistula after descending thoracic aortic stent-graft occurred in 4 cases.Results 24 patients of Stanford type B aortic dissection with insufficient anchored zone or the left subclavian artery involvement underwent intraoperative stented elephant trunk technique.Concomitant procedures included the bypass from the left subclavian artery to the left common carotid artery in 5 cases,aortic valve replacement and ascending aortic plasty in 3 cases,left subclavian artery reconstruction in 2 cases,double valve replacement in 1 cases,the bypass from ascending aorta to descending aorta each in one.The times of cardiopulmonary bypass and selective cerebral perfusion averaged (163.1 ±48.6) min and (29.1 ± 12.4) min,respectively.There was no in-hospital mortality.Complications occurred in 2 patients (2/24,8.3％),including respiratory insufficiency and mediastinal bleeding requiring reoperation,each in one.No paraplegia or stroke occurred postoperatively.Follow-up was available in 23 patients (23/24,95.8％).During the follow-up,type Ⅰ endoleak occurred in 2 patient and needed surgical repair.One patient underwent endovascular aortic repair due to pseudoaneurysm of the distal end of the stent.The complete thrombosis ratio of the false lumen was 86.4％ (20/24).Conclusion The intraoperative stented elephant trunk technique was safe and feasible for Stanford type B aortic dissection with insufficient anchored zone or the left subclavian.artery involvement,a low rate of morbidity and mortality were achieved.The long-term results need the further follow-up.
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Objective To summarize our clinical experience and results of Stanford type B dissection,and analyzed the risk factors of reoperation.Methods From February 2009 to December 2011,81 patients (54 male and 27 female) of Stanford type B aortic dissection underwent surgical procedure in Beijing Anzhen Hospital The mean age was 19 -77 years,averaged (41.6±11.7)years.Associated with hypeftension in 48 cases,Marfan syndrome in 15 case,aortic root aneurysm in 7cases,dilation of aortic sinus and ascending aorta each in one,coarctation of the aorta in 1 case.Reoperation was done in 22cases and 4 of 22 needed the third operation.The risk factors of reoperation were analyzed with Logistic regression analysis.Results Sun (s) procedure was operated on 16 cases,concomitant procedures included Bentall in 7 cases,David in 1,replacement of the ascending aorta in 2 cases,CABG in 1 case.The thoracoabdominal aortic replacement in 31 cases,the descending thoracic aortic replacement in 9 cases,the stented elephant trunk procedure in 24 cases.Concomitant procedures included the bypass from the left subclavian artery to the left common carotid artery in 5 cases,aortic valve replacement and ascending aortic plasty in 3 cases,left subclavian artery reconstruction in 2 cases,double valve replacement in 1 cases,and the bypass from ascending aorta to descending aorta each in one,repair of internal leakage in 1 case.2 patients underwent thoracoabdominal aorta replacement died after surgery due to multiple organ failure caused by postoperative bleeding.The hospital mortality was 2.5％(2/81 cases).Complications occurred in 6 patients (6/81 cases,7.4.％ ),including diastinal bleeding requiring reoperation in 3 cases,respiratory insufficiency and hoarseness each in one,postoperative esophageal fistula needed reoperation and jejunal fistulization in I case.No paraplegia or stroke occurred postoperatively.Logistic regression analysis shows Marfan syndrome is the risk factor of reoperation.Conclusion The surgery on Stanford B aortic dissection can achieve satisfactory clinical results and Marfan syndrome is the risk factor of reoperation.The mid- and long-term results need the further follow-up.
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Objective In order to improve the outcome of surgical treatment for atherosclerotic heart disease,we summarize our clinical experience of surgical treatment during the last four years and propose our therapeutic strategy.Methods A retrospective study was performed including consecutive 1052 patients receiving isolated or combined CABG surgery which was performed by a single surgical team from January 2006 through March 2010 at Fu Wai Hospital.Patients'characters were quantified by European score System for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE).Operative strategies were classified as candioplegic arrest,on-pump beating,isolated off-pump,and the hybrid procedures to treat the concomitnnt diseases,such as peripheral vascular disease,atrial fibrillation,congenital heart diseases,et al.Clinical data including the surgical indications,preoperative patient co-morbidity,postoperative clinical course,and perioperative outcomes were analyzed of.Results Patients showed a mean EuroSCORE of 3.4 ±2.6.There were 127 patients ( 12％ ) with a EuroSCORE ＞6.The mean age of the patients was(61.2 ± 9.5 ) years,ranging from 26 to 84 years.The overall in-hospital postoperative mortality rate was 0％,and all patients had an uneventful recovery course and discharged.The transfusion rate was 31.9％.950 patients (90.3％)were OPCAB and 102 (9.7％) were on-pump CABG.There were 87 patients underwent concomitant CABG and heart valvereplacement or repair.21 patients underwent hybrid procedure by simultaneous peripheral artery stenting and OPCAB,and 14patients underwent redo CABG.The Average number of distal anastomoses was 3.2 ±0.9,and the mean postoperative hospital stay was (7.7 ± 2.5 ) days.Fourteen patients had re-exploration for bleeding,8 with pneumonia,5 with acute renal insufficiency and 6 had intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) for cardiac dysfunction.All these patients recovered after proper treatment.Conulusion Surgical treatment for the coronary heart disease could achieve satisfactory curative effects by the individualized treatment,technological innovation and strengthen perioperative management.Excellent results and low major complications in the perioperative coupe could be expected through this strategy.
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Objective To review our clinical experience with 41 reoperatioas of prosthetic heart valve dysfunction be-tween October 1996 and October2008. Methods There were 16 malas and 25 females with an average age of (44.5±12.6)years. All 41 patients underwent reoperation under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, including 38 heart valve replace-ments, 2 disc rotations and cut of the excessive knot in 1 case. There were 13 emergency and 28 elective procedures. Results The median time for extubation was 15.3 hours and tracheostomy was needed in 5 cases. There were 6 deaths, all of which occurred in emergency cases, with a mortality rate of 15.4%. No death occurred in patients implanted with a bioprosthetic valve previously. Postoperative complications included 1 infective endocarditis, 1 intractable hiccup and 1 wound infection. Conclusion Prosthetic heart valve dysfunction is catastrophic. Early diagnosis and reoperation is mandatory.
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Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Capsule Long-Bi-Xiao(LBX) in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods 64 patients of deficiency of Qi and blood stasis type suffered with BPH were randomly divided into two groups.30 patients in the control group were treated with Capsule Long-Bi-Shu,while other 34 patients in the treated group were treated with LBX.Each group was observed for there months respectively.Results LBX decreased the international index of prostatic symptom(I-Pss) and the bother score(BS),improved the prostatic symptoms,raised the peak flow rate(Qmax) and the average flow rate(Qave),shrinked a portion of patients′ volume of prostate gland,reduced the volume of residual urine.After treatment,in the treated group,I-PSS and BS were reduced distinctly,and Qmax and Qave were heightened obviously,which was more effective than those in the control group.Conclusion LBX can achieve good action in the therapy of BPH by improving clinical symptoms,diminishing the volume of prostate and ameliorating the difficulty of urination.
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Objective To review the experience of 460 cases of cardiac operations through a lower median ministernotomy. Methods A total of 460 cardiac operations via a lower median ministernotomy route were carried out between January 1997 and August 2003 in this hospital, involving 100 operations for congenital heart diseases, 178 valve operations, 168 coronary operations, 12 operations for aneurysms, and 2 other operations. On operation no special instruments were required. Results Within the hospitalization period 4 patients died (0.9%) and 3 underwent a re-operation (0.7%). Postoperative complications occurred in 29 patients (6.3%). Off-pump operations were employed in 73 patients, while in the remaining 387 patients the cardiopulmonary bypass time was 25~1 115 min (median, 80 min) and the aortic cross-clamp time was 0~164 min (55.8?31.9 min). Of the 460 patients, the length of postoperative tracheal intubation was 0~364 h (median, 10 h), and the postoperative chest drainage was 20~3 290 ml (median, 350 ml), or 0.3~42.2 ml/kg (median, 5.8 ml/kg). Blood transfusion were required after surgery in 280 patients with an amount of 951.1?644.6 ml. The postoperative ICU and hospital stay were 1~28 d (median, 2 d) and 1~60 d (11.6?6.0 d), respectively. A follow-up for 7~80 months (59.2?29.6 months) in 371 patients was conducted. No long-term deaths were noted and symptoms were significantly improved. Heart function was classified as grade Ⅰ in 169 patients, grade Ⅱ in 135 patients, and grade Ⅲ in 67 patients, respectively, with significant difference as compared with that in pre-operation ( Z =-12.57 , P =0.000). No significant difference was observed in the cardiothoracic ratio (0.50?0.11, 0.41~0.67) between postoperative and preoperative period ( t =-1.63, P =0.104). The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher postoperatively (0.36~0.71, 0.606?0.113) than preoperatively ( t =3.43, P =0.001). Conclusions In properly selected cases, heart operations through a lower median ministernotomy provides many advantages including mini-invasion, high reliability, excellent cosmetic results, simplicity to performance, and good surgical outcomes.
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Objective To review the experience of 162 cases of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) via a lower median ministernotomy. Methods CABG through a lower median ministernotomy was conducted in 162 cases from April 1998 to June 2003, including 77 cases of CABG under extracorporeal circulation, 13 cases of CABG concomitant with intracardiac surgery, and 72 cases of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Results There were 1 case of surgery-related death (0.6%) and 1 case of re-operation (0.6%). Postoperative complications occurred in 9 patients (5.6%). In conventional CABGs, the aortic cross-clamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and operation time were 74.8?23.1 min, 113.6?31.3 min, and 255.5?54.5 min, respectively. The operation time of OPCABG was 195.6?50.6 min. The number of anastomoses ranged 1~5 (2.4?0.7). The length of postoperative tracheal intubation was 0~364 h (median, 11 h). The length of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay and hospital stay were 1~28 d (median, 3 d) and 5~60 d (median, 10 d), respectively. The chest drainage volume was 607.2?443.0 ml, or 8.6?6.0 ml/kg. A blood transfusion was required in 38 cases, with a transfusion amount of 1161.3?741.2 ml. Conclusions A less invasive approach is possible in coronary artery bypass grafting via a lower median ministernotomy. This procedure provides satisfactory outcomes and good cosmetic results, during which a complete revascularization for multiple vessels and concomitant intracardiac operations are available.