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Objective:To explore the prescription and medication law of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compounds in the treatment of vascular dementia (VD) based on patent database.Methods:TCM compounds with patents about VD were retrieved from Chinese patent announcement website of the State Intellectual Property Office and CNKI. The retrieval time was from the establishment to the databases to 31 st, March 2022. The frequency, clusteringand association analysis were carried out with the help of TCM inheritance auxiliary platform (V2.5). The medication law was analyzed. Results:154 TCM compound patents for the treatment of vascular dementia were screened, involving 227 kinds of Chinese materia medica. Among them, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (44 times, 28.57%) was used more frequently, and the common medicinal pair was Salviea Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma- Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (17 times, 11.03%). The medicinal property was mainly warm, the taste was mainly sweet, and the meridian was mainly liver meridian. Those with high confidence based on association rules were " Corni Fructus -Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma" (0.90), " Corni Fructus -Rehmannize Radix et Praeparata" (0.90). Based on the complex network, it was concluded that the core drugs were 14 groups such as " Rehmannize Radix et Praeparata- Cistanches Herba- Corni Fructus". The new prescriptions extracted by entropy cluster analysis included 7 groups such as " Rehmannize Radix et Praeparata, Cistanches Herba, Corni Fructus and Asparagi Radix". Conclusion:The treatment of VD by TCM compounds with national patents is mainly based on tonifying deficiency, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, eliminating phlegm and dampness, expelling wind and dredging collaterals, opening orifices and resuscitation, which can provide reference for clinical practice and new drug research and development.
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Tuberculosis is still a big threat to children.However, due to the particularity of tuberculosis in children, there are many problems in diagnosis and treatment, such as the clinical manifestations and symptoms of children are not specific, clinicians do not pay enough attention to the disease, the specimen for pathogen detection is difficult to obtain, the sensitivity of existing diagnostic methods is not enough, lack of child-friendly anti-tuberculosis drugs, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics researches of anti-tuberculosis drugs in children and anti-tuberculosis treatment regimens based on children studies.This paper summarizes the above-mentioned problems and their countermeasures and prospects.
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Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only effective and widely used tuberculosis(TB) vaccine.In recent years, researchers have been working on developing novel TB vaccines, but the results are still far from satisfactory.This makes people start to re-examine the BCG vaccine, which has been used for nearly a hundred years.This review will summarize the origin and evolution, immune response, immune protection and revaccination of BCG, and describe the latest progress in immune prophylaxis of BCG.
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Tuberculosis(TB) is a big threat to children′s health.In recent years, many guidelines and consensus on TB treatment have been developed and updated at home and abroad.According to the latest evidence-based practice, a lot of new viewpoints on TB drug treatment have been put forward.However, there are few guidelines and consensus focusing on drug treatment of TB in children at present.Based on the existing evidence, the author will summarize the feasible treatment regimens for sensitive tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis in Chinese children.
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Tuberculosis is still a serious disease threatening children′s health.The detection and early diagnosis of tuberculosis in children still face many problems, such as the low detection rate and high misdiagnosis rate from traditional methods, the difficulty of collection and low bacterial load of sputum specimens from children, and difficult diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new diagnostic markers for rapid, sensitive and efficient diagnosis of tuberculosis, and biomarkers point out the direction for us.In this review, progress in the application of new biological biomarkers of pediatric tuberculosis was summarized from the transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and microRNA aspects.
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Objective To evaluate the value of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with probe detection method in diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) pneumonia (MPP) in children and to analyze the factors influencing the diagnostic accuracy,and to identify the rate of MP mutation for drug resistance and the involving factors.Methods Two hundred and twenty-five children with MPP hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory Medicine,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University between June 2015 and March 2016 were enrolled in this study.Nasopharyngeal swab samples from the participants within 24 hours of admission were detected by using PCR combined with fluorescence probes for MP-DNA and macrolide-resistant mutations.The information of age,sex,clinical symptoms,course of disease,duration by admission,the history of macrolide treatment and the increase or decrease of quadruple or more serum MP antibody titer were extracted from medical records within 4 weeks of treatment,which received further correlation analysis with the detection rate of MP-DNA and the drug resistance mutation.Results The sensitivity of the MPP by using the method of PCR combined with fluorescence probes was 80.4％ (181/225 cases),while the specificity was 98.0％ (99/101 cases).The MP-DNA positive rate for patients with double MP antibody 4 times increased during treatment was 88.8％ (71/80 cases),which was significantly higher than that of patients with antibody titer ≥1 ∶ 160 [75.9％ (110/145 cases)],and the difference was sigmficant(x =5.443,P =0.020).The positive rate of MP-DNA of patients had no obvious association with gender,age,and disease duration and macrolide treatment history before admission.Macrolide-resistant mutation rate of MP-DNA was 85.1％ (154/181 cases),macrolide-resistant mutation rate of MP for patients finishing one course of macrolide treatment when admission(89.6％)was higher than that of the patients without using macrolide and the patients treated with macrolide but not finishing one course of treatment (71.9％ and 86.6％),and the significant difference among the three groups was observed(x2 =4.454,P =0.035).Conclusions PCR combined with fluorescence probe for MP-DNA detection has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of MPP,and the overall mutation rate is high,suggesting that the clinical treatment of MPP needs to be adjusted according to drug resistance in children.
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Objective To evaluate the application of multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA, 15-locus set)for genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains of Beijing genotype. Methods Total 72 Beijing genotype MTB strains obtained from Beijing Thoracic Hospital were genotyped by MLVA (15-locus set). The results were compared with that generated from "gold standard"IS6110-RFLP. Results After genotyped by MLVA ( 15-locus set), 72 strains were grouped into 59 types,of which 53 were unique types. The Hunter-Gaston index (HGI) of MLVA ( 15-locus set) was 0.990. The loci QUB-11b, Mtub 21 and QUB-26 were polymorphic in selected Beijing genotype strains. Genotyping by IS6110-RFLP generated 69 types, of which 66 were unique types. The HGI of IS6110-RFLP was up to 0.999, and the MLVA (15-locus set) clustered strains could be further subdivided. Conclusion MLVA(15-locus set) showed better discriminatory ability in Beijing genotype MTB strains, though secondary typing of clustered strains by IS6110-RFLP is needed.