RESUMEN
Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatitis C virus infection often progress to end-stage liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which endanger the life of patients. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota are closely associated with chronic viral liver diseases. This article reviews the association of gut microbiota with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and their related liver diseases and the research advances in therapies targeting gut microbiota against CHB and its related liver diseases, in order to provide more ideas for the clinical treatment of CHB, CHC, and their related liver diseases.
RESUMEN
Taking feasible precautions is an important step in effectively reducing medical disputes and improving medical quality. Guarding against medical disputes is a complex systematic project, which shares similarities with disease prevention. In view of the causes, evolution and various manifestations of medical disputes, it is imperative to take measures from the following three aspects and guard against them on three levels: ①taking first level(primary) precautions so as to boost overall development and tackle medical disputes at the source; ②taking second level(key) precautions so as to conduct timely imterventions and nip medical disputes in the bud; ③taking third level(emergency) precautions so as to dissolve prominent conflicts and prevent the worsening of medical disputes.
RESUMEN
Impedance cardiography,being developed recently,is a noninvasive cardiovascular monitoring technique.In this study,fifty-eight patients undergoing open-heart operations were monitored pre-and posto-peratively by impedance cardiography.It was shown that the results were comparable with the results of other authors using indicator-dilution curves.EVI greater than 1.0?/s indicated normal cardiac fun-ction while EVI less than 0.8?/s indicated markedly subnormal cardiac function.The results indicated that EVI was a sensitive and reliable parameter to estimate myocardial function.TEI less than 1.9? was usually associated with abnormal arterial blood gas analysis,so TFI was useful to assess postoper- ative respiration insufficiency.It was concluded that impedance cardiography was helpful and dependable-in early postoperative patient care in cardiac surgery and it had the advantage of continuous,noniuva-sive,real-time monitoring.