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Objective:To develop an improved wireless intelligent capsule cystoscope (WCE)for dynamic detection of bladder mucosa in a pig model.Methods:The WCE was introduced into a healthy experimental pig that under general anesthesia via urethra by applying an improved device. Multi-angle images of the bladder mucosa were then obtained by controlling the position of capsule cystoscope with an external magnetic field system. The shutter speed of the WCE was 2.5 fps and was automatically converted to 1.5 fps 30 minutes after initiation. The Vue software was utilized to download the shoot pictures which were former received by a computer via wireless transmission. The pig was roused and sent to the pigpen, without limitations in moving. The improved WCE was connected with a 2 cm thread. 12 hours later, the dilated sheath was inserted again, and the capsule was removed by a foreign body forceps under observation of a ureteroscopy.Results:The WCE was successfully placed and removed from the pig's bladder with the application of the improved devices. Over 20 thousand images that with 60K pixels of bladder mucosa were captured by the WCE at various angles within 12 hours, which revealed the process of urine filling and excreting in a time-dependent way. No notable adverse effects (bleeding, urinary tract injury, etc) were noted during the process of cystoscope placement, image acquisition, transmission, and removal.Conclusion:This study developed a novel WCE that could dynamically, intelligently and accurately monitor all aspects of the pig bladder mucosa, and has preferable application prospect.
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Hypersplenism is a common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension in hepatic cirrhosis.Clinical treatment of hypersplenism includes splenectomy,partial splenic embolization and liver transplantation.Splenectomy and partial splenic embolization are effective for hypersplenism,but the main complications are portal / splenic vein thrombosis (PSVT) and infection.Liver transplantation is an ideal method for the treatment of hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis,but patients with liver transplantation may still have persistent hypersplenism.Simultaneous splenectomy or partial splenic embolization which is performed with liver transplantation is a therapy of persistent hypersplenism.It can improve the function of graft but also increase the risk of infection.
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Objective To identify whether cisplatin can induce autophagy of bladder cancer T24 cells and the possible mechanism, and to observe the relationship between outophagy and apoptosis.Methods MTT assay was applied to investigate the effects of various concentration of cisplatin( 0 , 10 , 20 and 40 μg/mL) on T24 survival.TEM was performed to detect the autophagosome formation .Western blot assay was used to analyze the expression changes of LC3-Ⅱ, P62 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK1/2 ) and p-ERK at the protein level.The effects of autophagy on the survival and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells were investiga-ted.Results DDP observably inhibited proliferation of bladder cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner ( P<0.05), the 50% inhibiting concentration(IC50) was (30.3 ±2.4)μg/mL;DDP induced autophagy of bladder cancer cells, observably increased autophagosome induced by DDP; up-regulated expression levels of LC3-Ⅱproteins ( P<0.05 ) , down-regulated expression of P62 proteins ( P<0.05 );DDP increased the protein level of p-ERK (P<0.05); The inhibitor of ERK pathway U0126 inhibited DDP-induced autophagy, as evidenced by decrease in the expression of LC3-Ⅱproteins ( P<0.05 ) .After inhibition of autophagy by WTM in DDP-treated cells, cell viability was obviously decreased and apoptosis was increased (P<0.05);DDP combined with WTM observably enhanced cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 ( PARP-1 ) and cleaved-caspase-3 which is apop-tosis related proteins ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions Autophagy can protect T24 cells against ciplatin-induced apop-tosis, the possible mechanism of autophagy is the ERK signaling pathway is activated .
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Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a continuous process of damage of liver cells,which could cause a series of clinic reactions.Early owing to IRI,organ failure reaches 10％,and easily leads to acute and chronic liver transplantation rejection.Therefore,study on the treatment method of IRI is very important.Decreasing the adverse effect of IRI could significantly increase the amount of successful liver transplantation.This paper will explore mainly on the pretreatment methods of IRI.
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AIM:To investigate whether oxidative stress is able to induce autophagy in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and to explore the effects of autophagy on MSC proliferation and apoptosis under oxidative stress circumstance as well as the underlying mechanism for promoting the therapeutic effects of transplanted MSCs on treating diabetes mellitus e -rectile dysfunction ( DMED) .METHODS: Hydrogen peroxide ( H2 O2 ) was applied to simulate the oxidative stress cir-cumstance.The effects of H2 O2 at concentration of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400μmol/L on the viability of MSCs were tested by the method of Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assay respectively .The methods of MTT assay , Western blot and transmis-sion electron microscope ( TEM) were used to explore the effects of H 2 O2 on MSC apoptosis and autophagy .RESULTS:The proliferation of MSCs was obviously inhibited by H 2 O2 in a dose-dependent manner ( P<0.01) and the 50%inhibiting concentration (IC50) was (384.58 ±16.89) μmol/L.H2O2 induced apoptosis and autophay of MSCs .The proliferation rate of MSCs was suppressed by H 2 O2 significantly ( P<0.05 ) , with a further decline by blockade of autophagy ( P<0.05) whereas increased by blockade of apoptosis (P<0.05).H2O2 induced MSCs apoptosis obviously (P<0.05), with an augment of apoptosis ( P<0.05) by blockade of autophagy .Furthermore, the H2 O2 increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), Which were decreased by apoptosis blockade whereas were enhanced by blockade of autopahgy .CONCLUSION:Oxidative stress plays a dual role in MSC survival , which in-duces MSC apoptosis and autophagy .Moreover , blockade of autophagy intensifies MSC apoptosis .Therefore , it is a promis-ing method to ameliorate the effects of stem-cell based therapy on DMED by enhancing protective autophagy to increase the survival rate of transplanted MSCs against oxidative stress circumstance caused by diabetes mellitus .
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Objective To evaluate the value of cough test in the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)procedure.Methods A cohort of 85 women with stress urinary incontinence underwent the TVT procedure with cough test (n =41) or without cough test (n =44).Patients in cough test group were performed according to the Ulmsten’s method strictly,with the stress of tape adjusted in light of cough test; whereas in other 44 operations,the tape was placed on the urethral tract without stress,and no cough test was performed.The urine catheter was removed after 48 hours postoperatively and follow-up evaluation was carried out at 12 month postoperatively.Results TVT procedure was carried out successfully in all patients by a single experienced surgeon.Four cases of urinary retention and 5 cases of voiding difficulty were observed in the cough test group.However,urinary retention or voiding difficulty was not detected in the nun-cough test group.Based on the twelve-month follow-up results,the cure rate was 92.6％ (38/41) in the cough test group and 93.1％ (41/44) in the non-cough test group.Flow-pressure study indicated that 11 cases in cough test group were in the obstruction zone,while only 3 cases in the obstruction zone were detected in the non-cough test group.Conclusions TVT is a safe as well as effective minimally invasive surgical procedure to treat female stress urinary incontinence.However,Adjusting stress of tape in accordance with cough test during the TVT may potentially increase the incidence of urinary dysfunction postoperatively.Therefore,no convincing evidence was gained to support the efficacy of cough test during TVT in terms of preventing postoperative voiding dysfunction.
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BACKGROUND: Increased expression of survivin in various tumor tissues can regulate cell proliferation, division, and plays an important role in protecting cells from apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To construct the specific micro RNA (miRNA) expression vector that can block the C_(57)BL mice survivin gene by RNA interference (RNAi) technique.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The single sample observation was performed at the experimental center of Department of Neurology, The First Afliliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June to November 2008.MATERIALS: Ring-shaped pcDNA~(TM)6.2-GW/EmGFPmiR and BLOCK-iT~(TM) Pol II miR RNA interfered Expression Vector Kit with EmGFP was produced by Invitrogen Company. DH5a E. coli was preserved at the laboratory. Xho I and BamH I enzyme, spectinomycin were provided by Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology & Services Co., Ltd.METHODS: According to sequence of mRNA of C_(57)BL mice survivin provided by Genebank, four pairs of specific oligonucleotide sequences were designed and synthesized by using the software. The annealed oligonucleotide fragment was sub-cloned into pcDNA~(TM)6.2-GW/EmGFPmiR expression vector by gene clone technique and transformed into DH5a E. coli, subsequently, a single colony was incubated into liquid medium containing spectionmycin. Finally the plasmid was extracted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The recombinant vector was identified by sequencing and agarose gel electrophoresis.RESULTS: The sequencing revealed that insertion element was correctly cloned into the vector without nucleotide mutation, absence or insertion abnormality. The result of double enzyme digestion demonstrated that the fragment length was coincidence with expectation.CONCLUSION: The C_(57)BL mice survivin miRNA expression vector is successfully constructed.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel and cisplatin for treatment of hormone independent prostate cancer. Methods:Thirty-two cases hormone independant prostate cancer patients were enrolled in this study. All patients had received castration and/or anti-androgens but relapse with elevated PSA. Multiple metastasis were diagnosed by imaging approach. Before chemotherapy,there were 26 cases suffered from pain by bone metastasis. Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 + NS 250 ml was administered intravenously and cisplatin 100 mg/m2 +NS 500 ml was administered intravenously on the first days. Results:Levels of PSA decreased to normal(
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Objective To study the expression of E2F-3 and pRb in primary prostate cancer(PCa) and its clinical significance.Methods The expression of E2F-3 protein and pRb was detected in 49 PCa,20 benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),10 normal prostate tissues(NP) by EliVision~(TM) plus immunohistochemical staining.Results The positive expression rate of E2F-3 in PCa,BPH,NP was 63.27%(31/49),20%((4/20)) and 10%(1/10),respectively.The expression level of E2F-3 in PCa was significantly higher than that in BPH(P
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Objective: To study the expression of a novel inhibitor gene of apoptosis,survivin,in bladder transitional cell cancer,and its relationship with the expression of ki67 genes and recurence of bladder cancer.Methods: Using streptavidin-biotin peroxidase(SP) method,we examined the expression of survivin and ki67 proteins in 10 normal bladder tissues and 58 bladder transitional cell cancer tissues and followed up all of the cases,the time of follow-up survey was 11 to 48 months,with the average of 29 months.Results: Survivin was expressed in 41 out of 58(70.7%) cases of BTCC.In contrast,normal bladder epithelium did not express survivin.Overexpression of survivin was related to the tumor grade and clinical stage.The expression of survivin were strongly corelated with ki67 expression.The recurrence time of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ bladder cancer in which expression of survivin was positive was 11?9 months,while the recurrence time was 29?15 months for negative expression of survivin in the of bladder cancer.Conclusion: Apoptosis inhibition gene survivin may participate in the onset and progression of bladder transitional cell cancer.High expression of survivin is correlated with hyperplasia and recurrence of bladder tranditional cell cancer.
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Objective:To study the expression of a novel inhibitor gene of apoptosis,survivin,in bladder transitional cell cancer,and its relationship with the expression of p53,bcl-2 and ki67 genes.Methods:Using streptavidin-biotin peroxidase(SP) method,we examined the expression of survivin,p53,bcl-2 and ki67 proteins in 10 normal bladder tissues and 58 bladder transitional cell cancer tissues.Results:Survivin was expressed in 41 of 58(70.7%) cases of BTCC.In contrast,normal bladder epithelium did not express survivin.Overexpression of survivin was related to the tumor grade and clinical stage.The expression of survivin was strongly correlated with p53.bcl-2 and ki67 expression.Conclusion:Apoptosis inhibition by survivin, alone or in cooperation with p53 and bcl-2 may participate in the onset and progression of bladder transitional cell cancer.Survivin could be a new diagnostic/therapeutic target in bladder tranditional cell cancer.
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Objective:To improve the differential diagnosis between benign renal mass and renal cell carcinoma(RCC) so as to lower the misdiagnosis rate.Methods:A retrospective analysis was done on 21 cases of renal mass,aged ranged from 33 to 63 with a mean of 51.Among the 21 years,All of them were preoperatively diagnosed as RCC by imaging.Results:All the cases were surgically treated.Three cases underwent enucleation or simple nephrectomy because of the diagnosis as benign renal mass by intraoperative frozen section.Eight underwent radical nephrectomy.And the other 10 underwent simple nephrectomy.The pathological analysis after operation found all were renal benign changes.None developed recurrence during the follow-up of 1 to 5 years.Conclusions:Some renal benign space occupying masses could be misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma only by imaging examinations and surgical exploration and intraoperative frozen section by pathologic study were the keys to lower the misdiagnosis rate.