Effect of acupuncture and estazolam on episodic memory and sleep structure in patients with chronic insomnia disorder: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect on chronic insomnia disorder (CID) and influences on episodic memory and sleep structure between acupuncture and estazolam tablets.@*METHODS@#A total of 140 CID patients were randomized into a meridian-point group (46 cases, 1 case dropped off), a non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group (47 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a medication group (47 cases, 2 cases dropped off). In the meridian-point group, Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zhaohai (KI 6) and Shenmai (BL 62) were selected and the routine acupuncture was applied. In the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group, the needling technique was same as the meridian-point group. Acupuncture was given once daily for 4 weeks in the above two groups. In the medication group, estazolam tablets were administered orally, taken 1 to 2 mg per night, consecutively for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the changes in the following indexes were observed in each group, i.e. the score of insomnia severity index (ISI), the score of auditory verbal memory test (AVMT) and the relevant indexes of sleep structure [total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE) and the percentage of non rapid eye movement phase 1, 2 and 3 (N1, N2 and N3) and rapid eye movement time (REM) in TST].@*RESULTS@#After treatment, ISI scores were reduced in the meridian-point group and the medication group (<0.01), the score in the meridian-point group was lower than the medication group and the non-meridian-and-non- acupoint group respectively (<0.01) and that in the medication group was lower than the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group (<0.01). After treatment, the score of each of immediate recall, short-term delayed recall, long-term delayed recall and delayed recognition of AVMT was increased in the meridian-point group and the medication group respectively (<0.01, <0.05) and the score of each item of AVMT in the meridian-point group was higher than the medication group and the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group respectively (<0.01, <0.05). The scores of immediate memory and delayed recognition in the medication group were higher than the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group respectively (<0.01). After treatment, SOL, WASO and N1% were all reduced (<0.01) and TST, SE, N3% and REM% were all increased (<0.01, <0.05) in the meridian-point group and the medication group, N2% in the meridian-point group was reduced (<0.01). After treatment, N1% and N2% in the meridian-point group were lower than the medication group (<0.01) and N3% and REM% were higher than the medication group (<0.01). After treatment, TST, SE and N3% in the meridian-point group and the medication group were all higher than the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group respectively (<0.01, <0.05) and SOL, WASO and N1% were lower than the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group respectively (<0.01). REM% in the meridian-point group was also higher than the non-meridion-and-non-acupoint group (<0.01), and N2% in the meridian-point group was also lower than the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group (<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with estazolam, acupuncture much better improves sleep quality and episodic memory in patients with chronic insomnia disorder, which is possibly related to the regulation of sleep structure of patients in treatment with acupuncture.

Incidence and clinical correlates of anger attacks in Chinese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

OBJECTIVE@#Anger attacks have been observed in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), often triggered by obsessional triggers. However, few studies have reported the clinical characteristics and correlates of anger attacks among Chinese patients with OCD.@*METHODS@#A total of 90 adults with a primary diagnosis of OCD, ranging from 15 to 78 years old, participated in the study. Participants were administered the Rage Outbursts and Anger Rating Scale (ROARS), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale-Second Edition, and Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale by a trained clinician. Patients completed the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21.@*RESULTS@#A total of 31.3% of participants reported anger outbursts in the past week, and ROARS scores had no significant correlation with age, duration of illness, OCD severity, depression, or stress. However, ROARS scores were negatively related to education level, and positively related to obsessing symptoms and anxiety.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These data suggest that anger attacks are relatively common in Chinese patients with OCD. The severity of anger attacks is related to educational level, obsessing symptoms, and anxiety, which may be a latent variable reflecting executive functioning and emotion regulation skills.

Comparison of Two Occlusion Devices for Treating Cryptogenic Stroke Patients Combining Patent Foramen Ovale and Large Right to Left Shunt / 中国循环杂志

Objectives: To compare the effect of 2 different occlusion devices for treating cryptogenic stroke (CS) patients combining patent foramen ovale (PFO) and large right-to-left shunt (RLS). Methods: A total of 123 CS patients combining PFO and large RLS treated in our hospital from 2013-05 to 2016-08 were enrolled. All patients received percutaneous PFO interventional closure, based on different occlusion devices, the patients were divided into 2 groups: Cardi-O-fix PFO occluder group, n=80 and Amplatzer PFO occluder group, n=43. CS diagnosis was confirmed by 3 experienced neurologists via medical imaging examination; PFO and large RLS were diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography and right heart contrast echocardiography. The baseline features, clinical symptoms, operation and follow-up data were reviewed to observe the efficacy of 2 occlusion devices. Results: Each group had 1 patient suffered from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after the operation; 1 patient in Cardi-O-fix PFO occluder group had inguinal hematoma. No stroke recurrence, no death during follow-up period; the residual shunt was similar between 2 groups. Conclusions: PFO occlusion was beneficial for preventing stroke recurrence in CS patients combining PFO and large RLS. The safety and efficacy were similar in Cardi-O-fix and Amplatzer PFO occlusion devices.

Rapamycin protect puromycin amino nucleoside induced podocyte injury by up-regulating autophagy / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the protective effect of rapamycin and the role of autophagy on podocyte injury induced by pu-romycin amino nucleoside.Methods:The mice podocytes cell 5(MPC5)were randomly divided into four groups:Control group,PAN group(50 μg/ml PAN);rapamycin group(RAP group,100 ng/ml,200 ng/ml,300 ng/ml rapamycin)and PAN+rapamycin group (PAN+RAP group,treated with rapamycin before PAN).The apoptosis of podocytes were detected by Annexin V/PI.Transmission electronic microscopy was used to observe the formation of autophagosome.The expression of autophagic markers,LC3,p62,and 4EBP1,P70S6K,mTOR were detected by Western blot.Results: The podocyte apoptotic rate was significantly decreased when the podocytes were treated with rapamycin compared with PAN group.Further,more autophagosomes appeared in cytoplasm of podocytes in RAP and PAN+RAP group compared with PAN group.And the expression of LC3Ⅱ was significantly increased in rapamycin treated podocytes,whereas the expression of p62 was decreased markedly.Phosphorylation of mTOR,4EBP1 and P70S6K was decreased rapamycin treated groups.Conclusion: Podocyte autophagy was inhibited by PAN, and the apoptosis of podocytes was promoted.Rapamycin protect puromycin amino nucleoside induced podocyte injury by upregulating autophagy and it may be concerned with mTOR 4EBP1 and P70S6K signaling pathway.

Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine Jinlida Granule in Treatment of Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a major health problem worldwide. Several clinical trials have shown the superiority of the Traditional Chinese Medicine in delaying or reversing the development and progression of DM. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Jinlida (JLD) granule, a Chinese herbal recipe, in the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and its effect on the prevention of DM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-five IGT patients were randomized to receive one bag of JLD granules three times daily (JLD group, n = 34) or no drug intervention (control group, n = 31) for 12 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index, blood lipids levels, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance calculated using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) of all the patients were observed and compared before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-one participants completed the trial (32 in JLD group and 29 in the control group). There were statistically significant decreases in HbA1c (P < 0.001), 2-h plasma glucose (P < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (P = 0.029) in JLD group compared with the control group after 12 weeks of treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, two (6.9%) patients returned to normal blood glucose, and five (17.2%) patients turned into DM in control group, while in the JLD group, 14 (43.8%) returned to normal blood glucose and 2 (6.2%) turned into DM. There was a significant difference in the number of subjects who had normal glucose at the end of the study between two groups (P = 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>JLD granule effectively improved glucose control, increased the conversion of IGT to normal glucose, and improved the insulin resistance in patients with IGT. This Chinese herbal medicine may have a clinical value for IGT.</p>

Effect of acupuncture on early onset of SSRIs treating depressive disorder and related indicators of neuroimmunology / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the intervention effect of acupuncture on early onset of selec- tive serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating depressive disorder, and to study its effect on ser- um 5-HT and unbalanced inflammatory cytokines secreted by TH1/TH2.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 90 patients with depressive disorder were randomly assigned to the drug control group (as the control group, 45 cases) and the acupuncture combined drug treatment group (as the treatment group, 45 cases). All patients were treated for 4 consecutive weeks. Another 45 healthy subjects were recruited as a healthy control group. The effect of acupuncture on early onset of SSRls in treating acute phase depressive disorder pa- tients was evaluated by HAMD score in the control group and the treatment group before treatment,and at weekends of the 1st, 2nd, and 4th week after treatment. Besides, their serum levels of 5-HT, IL-1β and IL-6 (secreted by TH1), and IL-4 and IL-10 (secreted by TH2) were detected before treatment and after treatment at the weekend of the 4th week.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the healthy control group,serum lev- els of 5-HT, IL-4, and IL-10 decreased in the two drug-treated groups before treatment (P < 0.01); serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 increased (P <0.01). Compared with before treatment in the same group, HAMD score decreased in the control group at weekends of the 2nd and the 4th week after treatment (P < 0.01); HAMD scores decreased in the treatment group at weekends of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd,and 4th week after treatment (P < 0.01); serum levels of 5-HT, IL-4, and IL-10 increased,serum levels of IL-1β and IL- 6 decreased in the two drug-treated groups after treatment (all P < 0.01). Compared with the control group at the same time point,HAMD scores decreased in the treatment group at weekends of the 1st, 2nd,3rd,and 4th week after treatment (P < 0.01),serum levels of 5-HT, IL-4, and IL-10 increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), serum levels of IL-6 decreased (P < 0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture could accelerate early onset of SSRIs in treating acute phase depressive disorder, and effectively regulate serum 5-HT levels and inflammatory cytokines secreted by TH1/TH2.</p>

Lateral flow immunoassay for quantitative detection of ractopamine in swine urine / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

A strip reader based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was established for the rapid and quantitative detection of ractopamine (RAC) in swine urine. The ratio of the optical densities (ODs) of the test line (AT) to that of the control line (AC) was used to effectively minimize interference among strips and sample variations. The linear range for the quantitative detection of RAC was 0.2 ng/mL to 3.5 ng/mL with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.59 ± 0.06 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) of the LFIA was 0.13 ng/mL. The intra-assay recovery rates were 92.97%, 97.25%, and 107.41%, whereas the inter-assay rates were 80.07%, 108.17%, and 93.7%, respectively.

Study on clinical effect enhancement of acupuncture for depression with chronic pain treated with SSRI antidepressants / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on depression with chronic pain between the simple medication of selective serotonin uptake inhibition antidepressants (SSRIs) and the combined therapy of acupuncture and SSRIs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety cases of depression were randomized into an acupuncture + medication group (combined therapy of acupuncture and western medication) and a medication group (simple medication), 45 cases in each one. In the medication group, the western medicine was adopted. According to the condition of disease, SSRIs was prescribed such as fluoxetine and paroxetine. In the acupuncture + medication group, on the basic treatment of western medication, acupuncture was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Yintang (GV 29), Shenting (BL 24), Fengchi (GB 20), etc. HAMD scale, VAS and SERS were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy in terms of depression symptoms, pain and side reactions of antidepressants before treatment and in the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks after treatment in the patients and the differences between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The differences in HAMD and VAS scores were not apparent before treatment between the two groups (P>0.05). HAMD score and VAS score in the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks of treatment in the acupuncture + medication group were lower apparently than those in the medication group (all P<0.01). SERS score in the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks of treatment in the acupuncture + medication group was lower apparently than that in the medication group (all P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture enhances the clinical efficacy on depression with chronic pain treated with SSRI antidepressants and reduces the adverse reactions.</p>

Relationship of anxiety state with lymphocyte subsets and the effect of Chinese medical treatment on anxiety in patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the relationship of anxiety state with CD4(+) level and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and to observe the effect of Chinese medicine (CM) treatment on anxiety in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The anxiety state of 120 CHB patients was evaluated based on Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scoring. According to the scores, 63 patients with scores ≥14 were classified to anxiety and 57 patients with scores <14 to non-anxiety. The differences in CD4(+) cells and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio between patients with anxiety and non-anxiety were analyzed. Moreover, 63 patients with anxiety were randomized into two groups: 31 in the control group were treated with lamivudine (100 mg per day) alone and 32 in the observation group were given equal dosage lamivudine combined with CM treatment depending on syndrome differentiation, all for 12 weeks. The effects of treatment on anxiety state and T-lymphocyte subsets as well as its impact on some CHB-related indices were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The anxiety state of CHB patients was negatively correlated with CD4(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+); the level of CD4(+) in patients with anxiety was significantly lower than that in non-anxiety patients (P<0.01 or P<0.05). After treatment, anxiety state in the observation group was significantly improved, with their HAMA scores significantly lowered (P<0.01), and the levels of CD4(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, the alanine transaminase recovery rate and the HBV-DNA-negative conversion rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, respectively (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The anxiety state of CHB patients was related to CD4(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) levels. CM treatment could improve the anxiety state and showed certain regulatory effect on the patients' immune system.</p>

Silicone elastomers for maxillofacial prosthesis / 上海第二医科大学学报

Current materials used for maxillofacial prostheses are far from ideal,and how to develop a final prosthetics material is a significant topic in the research of maxillofacial prostheses.In this paper,some pertinent research of silicone elastomeric materials,such as mechanical properties and colorant are reviewed.