Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4 induce the malignant transformation of the bone marrow-derived human adult mesenchymal stem cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) on the bone-marrow-derived human adult mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hMSCs were isolated and cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for a period of one month. A single colony of transformed cells was then isolated and their phenotype was characterized by morphology, surface marker expression, and in vivo tumorigenesis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After one month culture, the transformed mesenchymal cells exhibited the morphology and phenotype similar to those of tumor cells, and also caused multiple fast growing lung deposits when it was injected into immunodeficient mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cytokines-driven malignant transformation of hMSCs may be a useful model for studying signaling pathways initiating malignant transformation of hMSC.</p>

Progresses in bone tissue engineering / 中国骨伤

Bone tissure engineering plays an important role in tissure engineering. It typically uses an osteoblasts, artificial extracellular matrix (scaffold), and osteoinductive factors which promote cell attachment, differentiation, and mineralized bone formation. So it contents three problems at least: osteoblasts culture in vivo and in vitro, scaffold studies and regulation factors. Bone defect caused by trauma, tumor and inflammation is a frequent and formidable problem in clinical orthopedics. It appears that artificial bone produced by bone tissure engineering can save the problem well. With the development of tissue engineering, bone tissue engineering is developing rapidly. However, seldom experiments are on human body, and fewer productions of bone tissure engineering are used in clinic.