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Objective To investigate the species diversity and distribution of medical mollusca in Shanghai City. Methods From August 2012 to October 2013,all kinds of habitats in 8 districts and counties in Shanghai City,namely Jiading,Qingpu, Baoshan,Minhang,Songjiang,Jinshan,Chongming,Pudong,were selected for the field survey according to the distribution characteristics of the river system,and all the specimens of medical mollusca in the investigation sites were collected and classi?fied by morphological identification. Meanwhile,the species composition,habitats as well as the fauna of the medical mollusca collected were analyzed. Results A total of 5 211 specimens were collected,which belonged to 2 classes,14 families,18 gen?era and 25 species,including Oncomelania hupensis hupensis,Pomacea canaliculata,Parafossarulus striatulus,Alocinma longicornis,Physa acuta,Galba pervia,Hippeutis cantori,etc. The species numbers of medical mollusca in Chongming,Jin?shan,Pudong new area and Qingpu districts(counties)were 22,22,21 and 20,respectively,which were more than those of other areas. The habitat analysis suggested that the species numbers in the river and wetland were the most,both of which were 14 species. The main faunas of the medical mollusca in Shanghai were the cosmopolitan and oriental species. Conclusions The freshwater gastropod species are paucity in Shanghai City,but almost of them can be served as the intermediate hosts of certain parasites to transmit snail?related parasitic diseases,so the surveillance of medical mollusca should be strengthened.
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Objective To identify the species classification of an ornamental Planorbidae from a flower market in Shanghai and analyze its potential distribution in China. Methods In August 2013,six freshwater snail specimens were collected from the Wanshang flower market. The species was identified by morphology and molecular biology. An ecological niche model was constructed based on the native geographic presence occurrence data,and projected onto the whole of China to predict the poten?tial distribution. Results Their shell external morphology suggested that the specimens belonged to Planorbella trivolvis(Say 1817)of Planorbidae,which is native in North America. The sequence data of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxi?dase subunit I(COI)confirmed its identification. A total of 2 294 georeferenced occurrence points in North America were car?ried out from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility databases and 614 records with coordinates were used to produce a North American native niche model by a maximum entropy method(Maxent). The projection on China results suggested high probabilities of occurrence mostly in Henan Province and its borderland with nearby provinces. Conclusions P. trivolvis is sim?ilarly with Biomphalaria species from shell morphology. It is the first records of the species in China,and the field dispersal is not clear.
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Objective To compare the diversity of mitochondrial genomes of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mainland of China. Methods According to the population genetic of A. cantonensis,seven female worms were selected to characterize the mi-tochondrial(MT)genomes. Twelve primer pairs based on known MT genome(GQ398121)were used for PCR. The target frag-ments were sequenced and aligned. The gene localization,genome structure,composition of nucleotide,distribution of variable sites,and phylogeny were analyzed by employing multiple softwares. Results Five distinct types were identified from seven com-plete MT genomes. They were similar in size and structure,i.e.,ranging 13 491-13 502 bp,including 12 protein-coding genes,2 ribosomal genes,22 tRNA genes,and 2 major non-coding regions. All the genes were localized at the same strand and had the same transcription direction. A total of 745 variable sites were identified,accounting for 5.5%. Among the variable sites,59 were deletion/insert mutations,105 transversions,and 581 transitions. The variable sites distributed evenly at the complete genome. Conclusion The study reveals the mutation profile in the whole MT genome of A. cantonensis and thus will facilitate the develop-ment of intraspecific differential diagnosis.
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Objectives To investigate the expression and differential diagnosis value of Galectin-3 and Cyclin D1 in benign and malignant thyroid mass.Methods The expression of Galectin-3 and Cyclin D1 protein in 31 cases of nodular goiter(group A),65 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC,group B) and 10 cases of normal thyroid tissues(group C,the control group)was detected by SP immunohistochemical method.The clinical data were analyzed.Results The expression level of Galectin-3 in group B was 83.03％ (54/65),significantly higher than that in group A(19.35％,6/31) and group C(0％).The difference of group A and group B in terms of the expression level of Galectin-3 protein had statistical significance(x2 =36.360,P ＜0.05).The expression level of Cyclin D1 protein in group B was 72.30％ (47/65),significantly higher than that in group A(12.90％,4/31)and group C(0％).The difference of group A and group B in terms of the expression level of Cyclin D1 protein had statistical significance(x2 =29.740,P ＜ 0.05).The combination detection of the positive expression of Galectin-3 and Cyclin D1 in benign and malignant thyroid mass showed that the difference between group A and group B had statistical significance(P ＜ 0.01).The expression of Galectin-3 and Cyclin D1 was positively correlated in group B(R =0.509,P ＜0.05).The positive expression rate of Cyclin D1 protein was 90％ (18/20) and 64.44％ (29/45)respectively in PTC patients with lymph node metastasis and without lymph node metastasis.The difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of Galectin-3 and Cyclin D1 is positively correlated in PTC and the expression of the 2 proteins in PTC is higher than that in nodular goiter and normal thyroid tissues,indicating that the 2 proteins can be used as valuable markers for patients with thyroid carcinoma.Combined detection of Cyclin D1 and Galectin-3 protein in thyroid tissues is useful for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
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ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and pathological features of Hainan patients with thyroid carcinoma treated in Hainan Provincial People' s Hospital.Methods A total of 239 clinical cases of Hainan patients with thyroid carcinoma treated in Hainan Provincial People' s Hospital from 2006 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The number of thyroid carcinoma cases between 2006 to 2008 was stable.But the cases in 2009 were 72.97％ higher than that in 2008.Female' s peak of onset age was 25 to 55 years and male was 20 to 55 years.The cases of Hant were 231 (96.65％) and the national minority were 8(3.35％ ).So ethnic composition ratio between cases and local population has a very significant difference (x2 =21.376,P ＜0.01 ).The eastern and western regions had 175 cases and 64 cases respectively,138 (78.86％) and 34(46.88％ ) cases from city respectively.Urban and rural ratio between eastern and western areas had a significant difference (x2 =4.420,P ＜ 0.05 ).The 239 cases were composed of 228 cases (95.4％) of papilarry thyroid carcinoma,7 cases (2.92％) of medullary thyroid carcinoma,both 2 cases (0.84％) of follicular thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.Conclusions The incidence of Hainan nationality patients with thyroid carcinoma treated in Hainan Provincial People' s Hospital has increased from 2006 to 2010,with younger trend and regional difference.Thyroid carcinoma has a difference in race and region.The rank of the rate of pathological type is papillary thyroid carcinoma,medullary thyroid carcinoma,follicular thyroid carcinoma,undifferentated thyroid carcinoma in order.
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The incidence of thyroid carcinoma has been increasing in recent years.More and more researchers have paid attention to this field and great achievements have been made year by year.The developments on gene diagnosis and molecular markers of thyroid carcinoma are reviewed in this article.