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Objective:To evaluate the effect of acetaminophen on sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) in mice and the relationship with ferroptosis.Methods:A total of 160 clean-grade healthy adult male C57BL/6J mice, aged 6 weeks, weighing 22-24 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=40 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), sham operation+ acetaminophen group (Sham+ APAP group), SAE group and SAE+ acetaminophen group (SAE+ APAP group). The model of SAE was established by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized mice.Acetaminophen 100 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before the model was established in group Sham+ APAP and group SAE+ APAP.The postoperative 7-day survival rate was recorded.At 24 h after operation, brain tissues were taken for examination of the pathological changes of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region.At 24 h after establishment of the model, ultrastructure was observed with a transmission electron microscope, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in hippocampus were determined by colorimetry, and the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX4), cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) was determined by Western blot. Results:Compared with group Sham, the postoperative 7-day survival rate of mice was significantly decreased, contents of ROS and MDA in hippocampus were increased, GSH content in hippocampus was decreased and expression of GPX4 and xCT was down-regulated in SAE and SAE+ APAP groups, 4-HNE expression was up-regulated in group SAE ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Sham+ APAP ( P>0.05). Compared with group SAE, the postoperative 7-day survival rate of mice was significantly increased, contents of ROS and MDA in hippocampus were decreased, GSH content in hippocampus was increased, expression of GPX4 and xCT was up-regulated and expression of 4-HNE was down-regulated in group SAE+ APAP ( P<0.05). The pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region and damage to ultrastructure of hippocampal tissue were significantly attenuated in group SAE+ APAP as compared with group SAE. Conclusion:Acetaminophen can effectively alleviate SAE, and the mechanism is related to inhibiting ferroptosis in mice.
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Objective To evaluate the role of H1 receptor in inflammatory responses during ventila-tor-induced lung injury ( VILI) in rats. Methods Thirty clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 9-10 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), VILI group (group V) and H1 receptor antagonist clemastine group ( group Cle) . The animals were anesthetized and tracheostomized, and the rats in group C kept spon-taneous breathing. The rats were mechanically ventilated for 4 h with the tidal volume of 40 ml/kg, respira-tory rate 40 breaths/min, inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1 : 1, and inspired oxygen fraction ratio 21％ in group V. In group Cle, clemastine 0. 9 mg/kg was intramuscularly injected at 30 min before anesthesia, the ani-mals were tracheostomized after being anesthetized, and then the rats were mechanically ventilated with the same ventilator settings as group V. The animals were sacrificed at 4 h of ventilation, bronchoalveolar lav-age fluid ( BALF) was collected for determination of concentrations of total protein, interleukin-6 ( IL-6) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) , and the lung specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of pathologic changes and for determination of wet/dry weight ratio ( W/D ratio ) . Results Compared with group C, the concentrations of total protein, IL-6 and TNF-αin BALF and W/D ratio were significantly in-creased in group V (P＜0. 05). Compared with group V, the concentrations of total protein, IL-6 and TNF-αin BALF and W/D ratio were significantly decreased in group Cle ( P＜0. 05) . The pathologic chan-ges of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in group Cle as compared with group V. Conclusion H1 receptor is involved in the process of inflammatory responses during VILI in rats.
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BACKGROUND:It is a great potential study that calcium sulfate product loaded with antibiotics is developed, but this product is not systematicaly studied and its biocompatibility and security need to be further studied. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biocompatibility and safety of vancomycin- or gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate bone. METHODS: (1) Hemolysis test: vancomycin-loaded, gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts, double distiled water and saline were added into rabbit anticoagulant blood samples. (2) Micronucleus test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts, cyclophosphamide and normal saline solution were intraperitonealy injected to mice, respectively. (3) Acute toxicity test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts, and normal saline solution were intraperitonealy injected to mice, respectively. (4) Pyrogen test: the mice were injected vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extractsvia the ear vein. (5) Intradermal stimulation test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts were respectively injected into the unilateral spine of rabbits, respectively. (6) Intramuscular implantation test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts were respectively injected to the dorsal muscle of rabbits. (7) Intraosseous implantation test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate were implanted into the necrotic femoral bone of rabbits. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Both vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate products, which have no hemolytic reaction, genetic toxicity, acute toxicity, pyrogen reaction and skin irritation, are considered to have good biocompatibility and safety.
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Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of pretreatment platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLRs) in response to neoad-juvant chemotherapy and prognostic outcome in patients with International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) Stag-es IB2-IIB cervical cancer. Methods:An investigation was conducted from January 2010 to December 2012 on 75 patients with FIGO Stages IB2-IIB cervical cancer, who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery in Changhai Hospital, Shanghai. A re-ceiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the best PLR cut-off value in predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The relationships between the pretreatment variables and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assessed in univariate and multivariate settings. The overall three-year survival rates were analyzed using the log-rank test and Cox regression mod-el. Results:The response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with PLR. At the threshold of 123.0, the PLR was 88.5%sensi-tive and 52.2%specific. Multivariate analysis showed that the low independent PLR predicted the response to neoadjuvant chemothera-py well. Based on the log-rank test, the three-year survival rate was lower in patients with PLR >123.0 than those with PLR 4 cm in diameter) and lymph node metastasis influenced the three-year survival rate. In the Cox regression model, only the lymph node metastasis was identified as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (RR:5.375;95%CI:1.351-21.379; P=0.017). Conclusion: Pretreatment PLR is an easily measured, reproducible, and inexpensive marker of systemic in-flammation and thus shows a prognostic and independent predictive value for the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical can-cer. However, pretreatment PLR is not a clinically significant factor for the assessment of cervical cancer prognosis.
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Objective To observe the effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor Fc fusion Protein (rhTNFR:Fc) treatment on IgM-RF,IgG-RF,IgA-RF of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods A randomized,active-comparator controlled,parallel group study were conducted.110 patients were enrolled and were randomly divided to the treatment group,in which patients were treated with twice weekly subcutaneous injection of rhTNFR:Fc (25 mg) (rhTNFR:Fc treatment group,n=55),and the MTX froup,in which MTX (the mean dosage was 15 mg/week) (MTX group,n=55) for 24 weeks.Blood routine,IgM-RF,IgG-RF,IgA-RF,and disease activity score 28 (DAS28) were monitored.Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results The level of IgM-RF decreased significantly in the rhTNFR:Fc treatment group 24 week(29±16) U/ml later.However,the level of IgG-RF(145±20) U/ml,IgA-RF(153±34) U/ml increased significantly in the rhTNFR:Fc group,and the level of IgG-RF (62±14) U/ml,IgA-RF (66-±19) U/ml decreased significantly in the MTX group.Conclusion Although rhTNFR:Fc,is effective in treating the clinical symptoms of RA,it seems to affect RF producing-B cells either directly or indirectly.
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Various forms of complementary and alternative medicine are used in psoriasis. Among these, herbal medicines are frequently used as systemic and/or topical interventions either as a replacement for or in conjunction with conventional methods. The benefit of such use is unclear. This review is to provide an up-to-date review and discussion of the clinical evidence for the main kinds of herbal therapies for psoriasis. Searches of the biomedical databases PubMed (including MEDLINE), EMBASE and CINAHL were conducted in December 2011 which identified 32 clinical studies, all published in English. Twenty of these primarily tested topical herbal medicines and were thus excluded. The 12 studies that evaluated systemic use of herbal medicines were included in the review. Four were case series studies and the other 8 were controlled trials. In terms of interventions, 4 studies tested the systemic use of plant oils combined with marine oils and 8 studies tested multi-ingredient herbal formulations. The clinical evidence for plant and animal derived fatty acids is inconclusive and any benefit appears to be small. For the multi-herb formulations, benefits of oral herbal medicines were shown in several studies, however, a number of these studies are not controlled trials, a diversity of interventions are tested and there are methodological issues in the controlled studies. In conclusion, there is promising evidence in a number of the studies of multi-herb formulations. However, well-designed, adequately powered studies with proper control interventions are needed to further determine the benefits of these formulations. In addition, syndrome differentiation should be incorporated into trial design to ensure effective translation of findings from these studies into Chinese medicine clinical practice.
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Humanos , Administración Oral , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Usos Terapéuticos , Aceites de Plantas , Usos Terapéuticos , Psoriasis , QuimioterapiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrated that vertebral endplate can be remodeled during intervertebral disc degeneration.However,the relationship between morphology of the vertebral endplate and intervertebral disc degeneration remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the morphology of the vertebral endplate and the lumbar disc herniation.METHODS: Forty cases without previous spine disorder and sixty-two cases symptomatic lumbar disc herinations lumbar vertebral were scanned by using spiral CT.Scan range was from superior L4 to superior S2.Scan protocols as below: 140 kV,345 mAs,FOV 160 mm,layer of thick 1 mm,pitch 1.0.Original images were carried through three-dimensional reconstructions using O2 image work station,W300,C80,ZOOM=1.5,Expand 1.Intervertebral disc maximum anteroposterior,transverse diameter,circumference,area and shape were measured based on curve planar reconstruction.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Endplate shape was strongly related to disc herniation(all the P value < 0.01).Endplate area was a less significant factor L4/5 in men and L5/S1 in men and females(P < 0.05).The shape of the intervertebral body endplate margin is an important factor contributing to the development of disc herniation at L4/5 and L5/S1.
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AIM: To develop a rapid HPLC method for quality control of traditional Chinese medicinal ingredients consisted of citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin. METHODS:Gradient elution with non-salt mobile phase ( methanol and water only) HPLC method on a Kromasil column ( 100-5C18-250A, 4.6 mm ×250 mm, 5 μm, C18 reverse phase) with peaks identification through DAD full UV wavelength scan. UV 284 nm and 332 nm profiles were observed. RESULTS: Satisfactory resolution, linearity, 95%～ 102% of recovery and 1.88 ～ 2.93% of repeatability were obtained for those five citrus flavonoids. Content of 6 Citrus aurantium L. based TCM ingredients were analyzed and identified. CONCLUSION: Rapid HPLC test method on citrus flavonoids was developed and can be in LC-MS identification.
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Objective Sequence variations in mitochondrial DNA genes have been found to influence successful aging and longevity. The aim of this study was to examine whether mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms influenced the longevity in Chinese Uygur population.Methods We genotyped the mt5178A and mt10398G in 277 sampels representing three age group (centenarian, n=65; longevity, n=100; controls, n=112) from Taklimakan desert Uygur centenarians,China Results The distribution frequency of the 5178A in the centenarian (51/65, 78.5%) is slightly higher than in those of controls (63/112,56.3%,P=0.0029) . The frequency of the 10398G were significantly higher among the centenarian(47/65,72.3%)and longevity(68/100,68%) in comparison to the controls(60/112,53.6%,P
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BACKGROUND: Cleistocalyx operculatus is a dried alsbastrum of myrtle. It is reported that cleistocalyx operculatus extracts can improve cardiac contraction through inhibiting the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase, and decrease rate of contraction. Do cleistocalyx operculatus extracts have the biological activity of antioxidation?OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of cleistocalyx operculatus on oxidative injury of PC12 nerve cells induced by H2O2.DESIGN: Non-randomized controlled study.SETTING: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at New World Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering of East China University of Science and Technology, from May to November 2002.Eight adult male Kunming mice were selected. PC12 nerve cells were supplied by Shanghai Cell Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.METHODS: Model of oxygenic injury of PC12 nerve cells was estabPC12 cells were cultured in 96-well plates. Cleistocalyx operculatus was diluted with RPMI1640 culture medium into five concentrations of 0.001,0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 g/L with 3 wells in each concentration; each well had 2×103 cells. Blank control group, or non-drug culture medium group, was set. Under the standard condition, cells were cultured for 48 hours and ascells were inoculated in 96-well plate with the density of 2×103 for 24-hour wall adhering, and then divided into normal control group (normal cell without H2O2 or cleistocalyx operculatus extracts), 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 g/L cleistocalyx operculatus. Cells in all groups except normal control group were treated with 200 μmol/L H2O2 at 37℃ for 3 hours, then cleistocalyx operculatus of various concentrations was added and survival rate was asfree radicals: PC12 cells with oxygen-derived free radicals were treated in the same way as done for cell survival rate assay and measured with CDCFH staining method.fect of cleistocalyx operculatus extracts on intracellular and extracellular oxygen-derived free radicals in PC12 nerve cells induced by oxidative injury.operculatus could protect nerve cells; however, at 0.055-1.00 g/L the effect on cell growth did not significantly differ from that of blank control extracts had no protective effect on the injury of PC12 nerve cells induced by H2O2. At 1.00 g/L, it had strong plerosis for oxidative injury of PC12 and extracellular oxygen-derived free radicals in PC12 nerve cells was increased; however, at 0.01 g/L concentration of cleistocalyx operculatus extracts, the level was lower than that in model group.dation of membrane lipid of hepatic microsome, but also protect against oxcleistocalyx operculatus extracts is related to its concentration. At 1.00 g/L,it has great capacity of oxidation plerosis, and at 0.01 g/L it can decrease the level of oxygen-derived free radicals inside and outside cells.