Spontaneous abortion and recurrent miscarriage: A comparison of cytogenetic diagnosis in 250 cases

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of cytogenetically abnormal miscarriages in couples with spontaneous abortions (SA) or recurrent miscarriages (RM). METHODS: Karyotyping of specimens from 164 abortuses with SA and 86 abortuses with RM was successfully performed according to the standard cytogenetic methods using G-banding technique. RESULTS: Among the total 164 cases of SA group, 81 (49.4%) were euploid and the rest (83, 50.6%) showed chromosomal abnormalities. In RM(> or =2) and RM(> or =3) group, 31 (36.0%)/27 (34.6%) cases were euploid and 55 (64.0%)/51(65.4%) cases were abnormal, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the rate of cytogenetic abnormality between SA and RM groups (P or =35 years) had a higher rate of chromosome anomalies compared with women younger than age 35 (normal:abnormal = 32.4%:67.6% for > or =35 years and 53.8%:46.2% for or =35 years and 43.3%:56.7%/40.0%:60.0% for or =2) and RM(> or =3), respectively; P<0.05). In SA group, an increase of normal karyotypes was noted with increased gestational age (<10 week, 38.0%; 10-15 week, 53.5%; 16-20 week, 65.7%). In RM group, most of cases were in <10 week and the frequency of trisomies with chromosomes 1 to 10 were increased compared with that of SA. CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency and distribution of chromosomal abnormalities between SA and RM groups. Our results will provide useful information for diagnosis and genetic counseling of patients with SA or RM.

Corneal Astigmatic Change after 3.2mm Temporal Clear Corneal Incision in Cataract Surgery: Comparative Study with 3.2mm Superior Scleral Incision

The short-term changes in corneal astigmatism and visual acuity after phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation through a 3.2mm temporal clear corneal incision (group 1) and these through a 3.2mm superior scleral incision(group 2) were compared.Corneal topographic measurement were obtained preoperatively and at poeroperative 1 day, 2 months. Scalar and vector astigmatism in group 1 and group 2 were compared by simple subtraction method, Cravy method and Holladay method.The surgically induced astigmatism in both groups showed no difference in with-the-rule change(0.57D-0.10D) and uncorrected visual acuity also showed no different results in both groups. In the group 1, preoperative with-the-rule astigmatism were changed 0.18D toward with-the rule and preoperative against-the -rule astigmatism were shifted 0.64D toward with-the-rule direction.Conclusively. both incisions offered satisfactory short-term astigmatic results and rapid visual rehabilitation and change of astigmatism in the wyws with preoperative against-the-rule astigmatism was greater than those with peroperative with-the-rule astigmatism in temporal clear corneal incision group.