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1.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2006 Sep; 37(5): 932-6
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-32360

RESUMEN

During February 2004 and September 2005, Xenopsylla cheopis were collected from small mammal hosts during rodent-bone disease surveys in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia. During 4 trap nights in Jakarta, 4 rodent species (Rattus exulans, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi and Mus musculus) and one shrew species (Suncus murinus) were collected. Rattus tanezumi had the highest X. cheopis load (128 X. cheopis from 84 R. tanezumi) but R. norvegicus had the highest flea index, 1.8. In Bandung, over 6 trap nights 3 rodent species were collected (R. norvegicus, R. tanezumi and M. musculus) and the shrew, S. murinus, were collected. Rattus norvegicus had the highest number of X. cheopis collected (407 X. cheopis from 181 R. norvegicus) but R. tanezumi had the highest flea index, 3.5. During both surveys, X. cheopis was the species of flea collected.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Siphonaptera , Humanos , Indonesia/epidemiología , Insectos Vectores , Ratones , Muridae , Peste/transmisión , Ratas , Musarañas , Tifus Endémico Transmitido por Pulgas/transmisión
2.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2005 Nov; 36(6): 1523-9
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-30925

RESUMEN

In February 2004, we captured 221 rodents and shrews in the Greater Jakarta area as part of a study to determine the prevalence of rodent-associated vector-borne infections. Microscopic examination of blood smears revealed 6% (13/218) to be positive for Bartonella spp. The corresponding DNA samples, either from blood blots or frozen spleen pieces and from fleas collected on these animals, were tested for evidence of Bartonella infection by PCR, targeting the portions: 378bp and 930bp of the citrate synthase gene (g/tA). The sequences from our sample clusters with a Peruvian entity, B. phoceensis, B. rattimassiliensis and B. elizabethae, the latter species has been associated with endocarditis and neuroretinitis in humans. As previous analyses have shown, there appears to be little geographic or host consistency with phylogenetic placement. The public health significance of these findings remains to be determined.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Bartonella/genética , Infecciones por Bartonella/epidemiología , Vectores de Enfermedades , Siphonaptera , Indonesia/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Roedores , Musarañas
3.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2004 Sep; 35(3): 657-63
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-32343

RESUMEN

We have performed a case-control analysis to determine the significance of clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features as predictive factors of rickettsioses among patients in Sangkhla Buri, Thailand (Thai-Myanmar border). Fifteen serologically-confirmed rickettsiosis patients including Spotted Fever Group (SFG) rickettsioses, scrub typhus, and murine typhus were classified as 'cases'; one hundred and sixty-three acutely febrile patients presenting to the same hospital during the same time period, who had no serological evidence of acute rickettsiosis, were classified as 'controls'. Patients' report of rash/arthropod bite [Odds ratio (OR) 22.90, 95% CI (confidence interval) 6.23, 84.13] and history of jungle trips (OR 5.30, 95% CI 1.69-16.62) were significant risk factors. Elevated ALT (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.04, 8.88) and depressed platelet count (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.13, 10.10) were also useful differentiating markers of rickettsioses in this population. Definitive diagnosis of rickettsioses is difficult without specialized diagnostic capabilities that are rarely available in remote areas such as Sangkhla Buri, where other acute febrile illnesses with similar presentation are commonly found. The relative importance of predictive factors presented here may provide clinicians with some useful guidance in distinguishing rickettsioses from other acute febrile illnesses. Timely administration of empiric treatment in highly suspicious cases can deter potential morbidity from these arthropod-borne infections.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Antígenos Bacterianos/sangre , Vectores Artrópodos/microbiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Fiebre , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mianmar/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Rickettsia/inmunología , Infecciones por Rickettsia/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Tailandia/epidemiología
4.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2004 Jun; 35(2): 300-8
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-31743

RESUMEN

Due to the deteriorating efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP or Fansidar), from the mid-1970s the Thai Malaria Control Program was actively involved in testing potential replacement drugs to be used as the primary therapy for falciparum malaria in Thailand. In 1983, a large-scale field trial of mefloquine, a long-acting antimalarial drug known for its efficacy against chloroquine- and SP-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, was initiated on the Thai-Cambodian border. The study enrolled over 60,000 patients and eventually led to the formal establishment of mefloquine as the first line drug for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the country. Mefloquine has played a significant role in the control of malaria in Thailand for the past two decades, initially in combination with SP, then by itself, and currently in selected areas as a partner drug in the combination therapy with artesunate. Thailand is the country with the most experience in the use of this drug in a malaria control program. We present here a review of mefloquine's pharmacology and usage in Thailand.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Antimaláricos/efectos adversos , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Combinación de Medicamentos , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Humanos , Malaria Falciparum/tratamiento farmacológico , Mefloquina/efectos adversos , Plasmodium falciparum/efectos de los fármacos , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Pirimetamina/farmacología , Sulfadoxina/farmacología , Tailandia/epidemiología
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