Proteomic Approach for Identifying Marker Proteins in the Urinary Bladder Precancerous Conditions Induced by BBN(N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine) / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Simple and noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are needed for the prevention of invasive tumor. A proteomic technology has recently been developed to facilitate protein profiling of biological mixtures. We investigated the role of this proteomic approach as a possible tool to detect the marker protein during the initiation stages on BBN-induced bladder carcinogenesis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten rats group A were given 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 12 weeks. Ten rats in group B were designated as a control group and were not given BBN. Whole urinary bladders of all rats were excised at 12 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. Conventional proteomics was performed with high resolution 2-D gel electrophoresis followed by computational image analysis and protein identification using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: A comparison of urinary bladder hyperplasia tissue with control tissue showed that five proteins; actin gamma2 propeptide, cytokeratin-20, proapolipoprotein, alpha2 actin(alpha-cardiac actin) and heat shock 27kDa protein 1 were over-expressed in hyperplastic tissues. Three protein; transcription factors, seminal vesicle secretory protein VI precursor and hypothetical protein RMT-7 were under-expressed in hyperplastic tissues. CONCLUSIONS: In an animal model system, BBN-induced, urinary bladder mucosal hyperplasia resulted in an increase in five proteins and a decrease in three proteins. Of these altered proteins, CK-20 and SVS-VI seem to be important. The proteomic approach may be a simple and noninvasive method for monitoring and follow-up of bladder cancer patients. However more information is needed regarding CK-20 expression in nonmalignant urological disease and in human tumor tissue, and regarding SVS-VI expression in other organs, for clinical usage.

Prokaryotic 16S rDNAs from Various Prokaryotes That Are Suggested as Etiologies of Idiopathic Chronic Prostatitis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Specific microorganisms, such as C trachomatis, Mycoplasma and T vaginalis, are rarely detected in idiopathic chronic prostatitis. However, fastidious and nonculturable microorganisms may be important in the etiology of idiopathic chronic prostatitis. The object of this study was to test a new PCR primer set to detect 16S rDNA from various prokaryotes suggestive of the etiologies of idiopathic chronic prostatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A new 16S rDNA primer set was designed from common prokaryotic genetic sequences using bioinformatic tools. The genomic DNAs from E-coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinobacter baumanmii, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus were extracted by boiling colonies from their plated cultures. The template DNAs from the above microorganisms were amplified using this new 16S rDNA primer set. RESULTS: The correct PCR product, 470 bp, was obtained from E-coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinobactrer baumanmii, Corynebacterium spp, Serratia marcescens and Proteus mirabilis. However, a constant result from gram positive bacteria, such as Stapylococci, could not be obtained. CONCLUSIONS: A new PCR primer set, which can detect various prokaryotes suggestive of the etiologies of idiopathic chronic prostatitis, was obtained.

Effects of Ylang-Ylang Oil on the Relaxation of Rat Bladder Muscles

PURPOSE: In cases of overactive bladders, especially hyperreflexic neurogenic bladders, that arise in patients with spine disorder above sacral micturition center, current primary treatment modalities include the administration of anticholinergics and the intermittent catheterization. Because anticholinergics have many side effects including dry mouth, the demand for new agents has been rising. This study was designed to investigate the effects of ylang-ylang (YY) essential oil, which is currently used in aromatherapy, on the relaxation of urinary bladder muscle in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isometric tension changes of isolated rat bladder muscle strips were recorded in an organ bath using a pressure transducer. Effects of YY oil were assessed on resting tension, electrical field stimulation(EFS)-, bethanechol-, ATP- and KCl-induced contraction. In order to determine the mechanism of YY oil, effects of YY oil on above all stimulations were assessed in the presence of methylene blue, L-NAME(N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) and N-ethylmaleimide. RESULTS: The contractility of strips pre-treated with YY oil was significantly decreased on all stimulation-induced contractions. There was no statistically significant difference between treated group only with YY oil and pre-treated group with YY oil and methylene blue. Similar findings were obtained when L-NAME(another NOS inhibitor) was used. When N-ethylmaleimide(c-AMP inhibitor) was employed, there was a statistically significant decrease in the rate of contraction induced by EFS, bethanechol, KCl and ATP applications. CONCLUSION: From the obtained data, the results of this study indicate that YY essential oil has relaxing effect on the bladder, and such mechanism is thought to be brought about by a pathway mediated by c-AMP.