Effect of astragalus polysaccharides on apoptosis,transdifferentiation and ROS content in renal tubular epithelial cells of diabetic nephropathy / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on apoptosis,transdifferentiation and ROS content in renal tubular epithelial cells of diabetic nephropathy.Methods:HK-2 cells were divided into low glucose group,high glucose group and astragalus polysaccharide+high glucose group,cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay after 48 h;cell apoptosis and ROS content was detected by flow cytometry;the expression of E-cadherin,α-SMA,STAT1,STAT3,p-STAT1,p-STAT3 protein were detected by Western blot.Results:The survival rate of cells in high glucose group was significantly lower than low sugar group (P<0.01),cell apoptosis rate,ROS content and E-cadherin,α-SMA,p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 protein expression was significantly higher than low sugar group (P<0.01),the cell survival rate in high glucose+astragalus polysaccharide group was significantly higher than high glucose group,cell apoptosis rate,ROS content and E-cadherin,α-SMA,p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 protein expression was significantly lower than high glucose group (P<0.01).Conclusion:Astragalus polysaccharides can promote the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by high glucose,inhibit apoptosis and transdifferentiation,and the mechanism is related to down regulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

Ergotropic effect of bone cement on pedicle screw fixation in treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the ergotropic effect of bone cement on pedicle screw fixation in treatment of osteopo-rotic thoracolumbar fracture.Methods Fifty-three patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture, admitted from Jun. 2013 to Dec. 2014, were included for treatment by augmentation of pedicle screw fixation with bone cement. All patients underwent pre-operative examination of bone mineral density with T-score ≤-2.5 and augmentation of pedicle screw fixation with injection of 1.5 ml bone cement in adjacent to fractured vertebra. All patients were treated with anti-osteoporosis therapy pre- and post-operation, ob-served and recorded with basic conditions and complications. At pre-operation, one-week post-operation and last follow-up, pain vi-sual analogue scale (VAS) and neurological function score (ASIA) of all patients were recorded, and the compression rats of anterior and posterior edge of fractured vertebra, and compression rats of spinal canal and Cobb angel of all patients were measured.Results All the 53 patients were successfully undergone operation in about 90-140 min with blood loss of about 150-350 ml. No spinal cord or nerve injury, dural tear and obvious leakage of bone cement and screw loosening occurred during operation. All patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months and the neurological function obviously recovered contrasted with pre-operation. X-ray and CT examination at last follow-up showed good fractures healing, good position and non-loosening of internal fixation device and non-leakage of bone cement. At one week post-operation and last follow-up, VAS, compression rats of anterior edge and posterior edge of fractured vertebra, compression rats of spinal canal and Cobb angel were significantly lower than those at pre-operation (P0.05).Conclusions Augmentation of pedicle screw fixation with bone cement can effectively strengthen the initial stability of pedicle screw in osteo-porosis, restore the height of fractured vertebra and reduce the compression of spinal canal, which will help the correction of spinal kyphosis and neurological function recovery. This method can well maintain long-term stability of internal fixation in osteoporosis and height of fractured vertebra, and significantly reduce the risks of long-term screw loosening and vertebral collapse.

In vitro experiment of allergic reactions induced by traditional Chinese medicine injections / 中国中药杂志

Allergic reactions caused by traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) become a greatest concern in the clinic application safety. The integral animal evaluation method commonly used in the preclinical evaluation for allergic reactions of TCMIs was not sensitive, specific, quick and objective in observation indexes. Therefore, more researchers have paid attention to the in vitro test method for evaluating allergic reactions induced by TCMIs. Currently, the methods for evaluating allergic reactions induced by TCMIs are mainly targeted at type I allergic reaction and anaphylactic reaction, with only a few in vitro methods for evaluating type II allergic reaction. In this paper, researchers summarized relevant literatures published about evaluation methods for allergic reactions induced by TCMIs in recent years.

Effect of ovariectomy combined with hormone injection on bone density and biomechanical performance of sheep proximal femur / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the effecof bilateral ovariectomy combined with hormone injection on the bone mineral density and biomechanical property of sheep proximal femu.Method16 healthy adulsheep were divided into the sham operation group (n=8) and the experimengroup (n=8) randomly .Bilateral ovariewere only exposed in the sham operation group .The ex-perimengroup waperformed bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) and began to conducthe intramusculainjection of methylprednisolone (0 .45 mg · kg -1 · d-1 ) aftepostoperative 1 month fo10 month.The bone density (BD) of all sheep proximal femuwameas-ured before OVX and in postoperative 1 yea.The compression tesand the axial pullouteswere performed to evaluate biome-chanical property of postoperative 1 yeaproximal femu.ResultBD of proximal femubefore surgery had no statistically signifi-candifference between the two group,and which in the sham operation group had no statistically significandifference between before and aftesurgery (P＞0 .05) .BD of proximal femuin postoperative 1 yeain the experimengroup wasignificantly de-creased and significantly lowethan thain the sham operation group (P＜0 .05) .The maximal compression stresand the energy absorption value in the experimengroup were significantly lowethan those in the sham operation group with statistically signifi-candifferences(P＜0 .05);the maximal axial pulling force and the energy absorption value in the experimengroup were signifi-cantly lowethan those in the sham operation group with statistically significandifference (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The method of bilateral ovariectomy combined with hormone injection can significantly decrease BD and biomechanical intensity of sheep proximal femu.

Acceptability of physical examination by male doctors in medical care: Taking breast palpation as an example / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In this study, we conducted an investigation among medical workers, patients and college students concerning their acceptability of breast palpation performed by male doctors (hereinafter referred to as "acceptability", or "the examination", respectively, if not otherwise indicated), to get the information about their acceptability and reasons for accepting or declining the examination among the three population. A questionnaire investigation was conducted in 500 patients with breast diseases, 700 students of medical colleges, and 280 medical workers working in hospitals. The subjects were asked to choose between two options: accept or do not accept (the examination). The subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire forms on free and anonymous basis and the questionnaire forms were collected on spot, immediately after completion. The questionnaires collected were coded, sorted out and checked. Data of the eligible questionnaires were input into Epidata software and analyzed by SPSS. Upon the establishment of the database, the intra-group data were tested by utilizing χ(2) test. Among 1480 questionnaires, 1293 (90.41%) questionnaires were retrieved. Our results showed that 56.78% of patients reported that they could accept breast palpation by male doctors. About 59.66% of medical staff expressed their acceptance of the examination, but only 35.03% of students said the examination. On the basis of this study, we were led to conclude that the examination is not well accepted by different populations, and therefore, (1) medical professionals and administrators should pay attention to the gender-related ethics in their practice and the feeling of patients should be respected when medical examinations involve private or sensitive body parts; (2) to this end, related departments should be properly staffed with doctors of both sexes, and this is especially true of the departments involving the examination or treatment of private or sensitive body parts; (3) health education should, among other things, include helping female patients to overcome the fear and anxiety in such examinations. This is of great importance since some women may miss the opportunity to get timely diagnosis.

Role of glycogen synthase kinase 3β in maturation and function of murine myeloid dendritic cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) in the maturation and function of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mature DCs (mDCs) induced by LPS were examined for GSK-3β phosphorylation level with Western blotting before and after LPS exposure. To explore the role of GSK-3β in maturation and function of DCs, we added SB216763, a selective inhibitor of GSK-3β, in the cell culture of immature DCs (iDCs), and examined CD40 and CD86 expressions in the cells by flow cytometry and the expression of IL-6, IL-12 and IL-10 mRNA by real-time PCR; the changes of the immunogenicity of the cells was evaluated by mixed lymphocyte reaction. The expression of GSK-3β and RelB was examined by Western blotting in DC2.4 cells transfected with a lentiviral vector over-expressing murine GSK-3β gene.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LPS exposure significantly lowered GSK-3β activity in iDCs as demonstrated by increased Ser9 phosphorylation and reduced Tyr216 phosphorylation. GSK-3β inhibition induced DC maturation by increasing the expression of surface costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86, lowered the expressions of IL-6 and IL-12 while enhanced the expression of IL-10 in iDCs, and impaired mixed lymphocyte reaction of the cells. In DC2.4 cells, lentivirus-mediated over-expression of GSK-3β obviously down-regulated the expression of RelB.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GSK-3β is a crucial enzyme involved in the differentiation and maintenance of an immature phenotype of DCs. GSK-3β is constitutively active in iDCs to inhibit their spontaneous maturation. DCs become phenotypically mature after inhibition of GSK-3β, which also executes a proinflammatory task in DC activation. The reduction of RelB protein levels as a result of GSK-3β overexpression supports GSK-3β as a new target for inducing tolerogenic DCs.</p>

Hemiarthroplasty for the elderly with intertrochanteric femoral fractures：an observation / 军事医学

Objective To investigate the effect of femoral head replacement for the treatment of intertrochanteric frac -tures among elderly patients .Method There were 38 cases that received intertrochanteric fracture hemiarthroplasty and 35 patients were treated with open reduction and dynamic hip screw ( DHS) plate internal fixation .After follow-up, their opera-tion duration,blood loss, postoperative drainage flow , postoperative ambulation time , hospitalization time were compared according to the Harris score to assess the effect of postoperative follow-up.Results After the mean follow-up time of 18 months (12 to 36 months),the hemiarthroplasty group was superior to the open reduction and DHS plate fixation group ,as shown by the earlier postoperative ambulation time , fewer complications , and better fracture reduction , with an excellent rate of 94 .7%.Conclusion For patients with intertrochanteric fractures , hemiarthroplasty surgery is effective and can re-duce the incidence of postoperative complications .

Clinical analysis of 182 cases of traumatic and hemorrhagic shock / 重庆医学

Objective To discuss the importance of saving the life of patients and the severity assessment in early emergency for the trauma and hemorrhagic shock patients in the first-aid of pre-hospital and emergency department.Methods Retrospective anal-ysis of the 182 patients data.Results With early and aggressive treatment,177 cases of survival,5 cases of death,and the survival rate 97.3%.Conclusion The disease of traumatic shock patients is complex,high mortality.the early detection,taking timely and effective rescue measures are the key to increase the survival rate.

Protective effect of new adenosine analog B2 against serum deprivation-induced PC12 cell injury / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the effect of compound B2 on the damage of PC12 cells induced by serum deprivation and to explore its related mechanisms. The binding characteristics of B2 to rat striatum adenosine A2A receptor was studied by radioligand 3H-MSX-2 binding assay. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. ROS formation was measured after DCFDA fluorescent staining. B2 has affinity to rat adenosine A2A receptor (K1 = 0.37 micromol x L(-1)). B2 remarkably increased PC12 cell survival rate in serum deprivation-induced PC12 cells. The percentage of serum deprivation-induced death of PC12 was 49.6%, and the treatment of B2 (0.1-100 micromol x L(-1)) increased the cell viability to 63.3%, 74.9%, 86.3% and 88.1%, respectively. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH 58261 could significantly block the protective effect of B2. The cell viability with 0.1 micromol x L(-1) SCH 58261 decreased by 16.1%, 24.0% and 19.8%, in the presence of B2 (0.1-10 micromol x L(-1)). Serum deprivation-induced ROS formation was 3.5 times more than that of control group, and treatment with B2 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited ROS over-formation. The protective effect of B2 may be related with adenosine A2A receptor. Decrease of serum-deprivation induced ROS formation may also be one of the mechanisms.

Expressions of cadherin molecules CDH18 and PCDH17 in human azoospermic testes / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of cadherin molecules CDH18 and PCDH17 in normal and azoospermic human testes and their significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We studied the routine pathological slices of normal and non-obstructive azoospermic human testis tissues for changes in the tight junction of Sertoli-germ cells, and identified the differential gene expression profiles of the normal and azoospermic testis tissues using cDNA microarrays containing multiple cadherin molecules. The results were confirmed by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Abnormal tight junction of the Sertoli-germ cells was observed in 37.5% of the azoospermic testis samples, and obvious changes were seen in the expressions of some cadherin molecules, with down-regulation of CDH18 and PCDH17.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cadherin molecules such as CDH18 and PCDH17 may play a certain role in the development and progression of azoospermia, which might be related with the abnormal tight junction of the Sertoli-germ cells.</p>

Expression of COX10 in human non-obstructive azoospermia testes / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression of COX10 mRNA in the testes of non-obstructive azoospermia patients and normal men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cDNA microarray containing COX10 and some other genes as RBM and EIF1AY was used to identify the differential gene expression profiles in the normal and azoospermic testes. The cDNA probes were prepared by labeling mRNA from azoospermic and normal testis tissues with Cy5-dUTP and Cy3-dUTP respectively through reverse transcription. The mixed cDNA probes were then hybridized with cDNA microarray. Later the fluorescent signals were scanned and the values of Cy5-dUTP and Cy3-dUTP on each spot were calculated and analyzed. After that an ISH was employed to detect the expression of COX10 mRNA in 10 fertile and 39 non-obstructive azoospermic testes, and the expression levels were compared to evaluate the significance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We obtained 128 differentially expressed genes that might be related with azoospermia, among which 56 were up-regulated and 72 down-regulated, with the expression of COX10 significantly decreased. In situ hybridization confirmed that the mRNA expression of COX10 was stronger in the spermatogenic cells of the normal fertile than the azoospermic testes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>COX10 may play a certain role in the development and progression of azoospermia. The technique of cDNA microarray can be applied to further studies of screening non-obstructive azoospermia associated genes.</p>

Antisense oligonucleotide targeting survivin induces apoptosis of renal clear-cell carcinoma cells and enhances their sensitivity to epirubicin in vitro / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) targeting survivin on the apoptosis and proliferation of renal cancer cell line 786-O and enhancement of its sensitivity to epirubicin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ASODN targeting survivin was designed and constructed. Cultured cells were divided into 6 groups: control group, liposome group, sense oligonucleotide (SODN) group, 600 nmol/L ASODN group, and 600 nmol/L ASODN combined with epirubicin group. After transfected for 24 h, cultured cells were harvested to carry on the next tests. Cell morphological changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Survivin protein was detected by immunohistochemical method. Apoptosis index (AI) and proliferation index (PI) were examined by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Morphological abnormalities of cells were observed in ASODN transfected groups. Expression of survivin in ASODN groups were significantly decreased compared with that in the control group, liposomes group and SODN group. AI of ASODN groups was significantly higher than that in other groups. PI of ASODN groups was significantly lower than that in other groups. The PI of ASODN combined with epirubicin group was (35.7 +/- 1.67)%, but (9.3 +/- 0.34)% or (8.5 +/- 0.21)% in liposomes group or SODN group that had combined with epirubicin. The ASODN group achieved the strongest effects to enhance apoptosis in comparison with control group (P < 0.05), while SODN did not cause statistically significant change (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of survivin protein in the renal clear cell carcinoma cell line 786-O is downregulated by survivin ASODN. ASODN targeting survivin induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of 786-O cells. Inhibition of survivin enhances sensitivity of 786-O to epirubicin.</p>

Clinical investigation of renal angiomyolipoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the diagnosis and management of renal angiomyolipoma (RAML), and to identify risk factors affecting spontaneous angiomyolipoma rupture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 68 patients with RAML from 1989 to 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. These patients were divided in two groups on the basis of tumor size, 35 patients in group A (<or= 4 cm) and 33 patients in group B (> 4 cm).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven patients were identified by image-guided percutaneous biopsy, and no major complications was noted. Sixteen patients with RAML were examined with angiography and 9 of 16 patients had got spontaneous rupture. 41.2% of patients were symptomatic, 4 cases (11.4%) in group A and 24 (72.7%) cases in group B (P < 0.01). There were significant differences in mean tumor size (11.6 cm +/- 5.1 cm vs 5.3 cm +/- 2.9 cm, P < 0.01) and mean aneurysm size (13.6 mm +/- 5.8 mm vs 2.6 mm +/- 3.0 mm, P < 0.01) between 9 cases of the ruptured tumor and 59 cases of unruptured tumor, 9 cases of the ruptured and 7 cases of unruptured tumor with angiography, respectively. Treatment consisted of conservative observation in 10 patients (no radiographic changes during the follow-up of 2 - 7 years); partial nephrectomy in 14 patients, tumor enucleation in 30 patients, total nephrectomy in 14 and posterior laparoscopic nephrectomy in 3 (no recurrence and complication correlation to operation during the follow-up of 2 - 144 months).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is an important role that percutaneous biopsy guided by ultrasonography or computerized tomography performs in managing suspicious and/or indeterminate RAML. A higher probability of rupture is related to tumor and/or aneurysms size. Nephron-sparing surgery is the first choice for surgical treatment of RAML.</p>

Cancer-related proteins discovery of uveal melanoma with comparative proteomic analysis / 眼科

Objective To identify and characterize uveal melanoma associated protein variants with two-dimensional electrophore- sis and mass spectrometry.Design Experiment study.Participants 4 cases of specimens of uveal melanoma and 4 cases of normal con- tributed uveal tissue.Methods Proteins from uveal melanoma and normal urea were separated with two-dimensional eleetrophoresis (2-DE)and visualized with Coomassie G-250.Gels were analyzed by Image Master 5.0 software.The mass spectra were measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizatian time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS)and searched against NCBI database using Mascot software.Main Outcome Measures Differential proteins.Results A set of 30 proteins were differentially expressed in uveal melanoma compared to nomal urea.Twenty-four types of protein only expressed in uveal melanoma.Five types of protein were up-regu- lated and 1 type of one down-regulated.These proteins can be subdivided into groups according to cellular function,such as enzyme, signal transduction,signal regulation,cytoskehton,immune,etc.Conclusions There is significant difference in protein profilings be- tween uveal melanoma and normal uvea.The differentially expressed proteins may be associated with the development of uveal melanoma.