RESUMEN
T cell immune deficiency results in inefficient anti-tumor immune response in most patients with hematological malignancies,thereby tumor cells escaping the attack of host immune system,that is the immune escape of tumor cells.Recently,new insights regard to the CD8+ T cell exhaustion which is one of the most important mechanisms of tumor immune suppression.The CD8 + T cell exhaustion is mediated by abnormal expression of T-cell immunosuppressive receptors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4.Blocking these molecules may restore the partial or all functions of T cells.This article reviewed the advances on the role of the PD-1 and CTLA-4 in hematological malignancies,including their functions on mediating T cell-immune tolerance and the progression of targeted immunotherapy,to provide the new strategy for hematological malignancies.