Diagnostic significance of intraoperative ultrasound contrast in evaluating the resection degree of brain glioma by transmission electron microscopic examination / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a dynamic and continuous modality providing real-time view of vascularization and flow distribution patterns of different organs and tumors. In order to evaluate the diagnostic significance of intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound in assessing the resection degree of brain glioma by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examination, it is important to have specific knowledge about contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Methods : Ultrasound contrast was applied in operations of 120 cases of brain glioma, to evaluate the degree of tumor resection. Biopsy tissues were obtained the suspicious residual tumors surrounding the tumor cavity. The sensitivity and specificity of the residual tumors were determined by the intraoperative ultrasound contrast according to TEM examination results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 44 cases of low-grade gliomas and 76 cases of high-grade gliomas. Three hundred and sixty biopsy tissues were obtained. The sensitivity of intraoperative ultrasound contrast in diagnosing the residual tumor was 62.2%, while the specificity degree of it was 92.8%. The consistency coefficient of the ultrasound contrast diagnosis and TEM examination results was 0.584 (Kappa = 0.584), which was between 0.4 and 0.6, therefore it was of medium consistency. Conclusions : Intraoperative ultrasound contrast was of a high sensitivity and specificity in evaluating the excision degree of tumor. The consistency of the residual tumor rate detected, respectively, by ultrasound contrast and TEM examination was of medium consistency. The application of intraoperative ultrasound contrast can improve the resection rate of brain glioma.</p>

Effect of electromagnetic radiation on discharge activity of neurons in the hippocampus CA1 in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to explore effect of electromagnetic radiation on learning and memory ability of hippocampus neuron in rats, the changes in discharge patterns and overall electrical activity of hippocampus neuron after electromagnetic radiation were observed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat neurons discharge was recorded with glass electrode extracellular recording technology and a polygraph respectively. Radiation frequency of electromagnetic wave was 900 MHZ and the power was 10 W/m2. In glass electrode extracellular recording, the rats were separately irradiated for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min, every points repeated 10 times and updated interval of 1h, observing the changes in neuron discharge and spontaneous discharge patterns after electromagnetic radiation. In polygraph recording experiments, irradiation group rats for five days a week, 6 hours per day, repeatedly for 10 weeks, memory electrical changes in control group and irradiation group rats when they were feeding were repeatedly monitored by the implanted electrodes, observing the changes in peak electric digits and the largest amplitude in hippocampal CA1 area, and taking some electromagnetic radiation sampling sequence for correlation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Electromagnetic radiation had an inhibitory role on discharge frequency of the hippocampus CA1 region neurons. After electromagnetic radiation, discharge frequency of the hippocampus CA1 region neurons was reduced, but the changes in scale was not obvious. (2) Electromagnetic radiation might change the spontaneous discharge patterns of hippocampus CA1 region neurons, which made the explosive discharge pattern increased obviously. (3) Peak potential total number within 5 min in irradiation group was significantly reduced, the largest amplitude was less than that of control group. (4) Using mathematical method to make the correlation analysis of the electromagnetic radiation sampling sequence, that of irradiation group was less than that of control group, indicating that there was a tending to be inhibitory connection between neurons in irradiation group after electromagnetic radiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electromagnetic radiation may cause structure and function changes of transfer synaptic in global, make hippocampal CA1 area neurons change in the overall discharge characteristic and discharge patterns, thus lead to decrease in the ability of learning and memory.</p>

Application of Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy in elderly patients with carcinoma in middle and lower esophagus / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety of Ivor-Lewis procedure for middle and lower esophageal carcinoma in the elderly.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2009 to June 2010, 232 cases aged over 60 years were diagnosed as esophageal carcinoma. These cases were randomly divided into two groups using table of random digits. One group underwent abdominal and right chest approaches for middle and lower esophageal carcinoma (Ivor-Lewis procedure, n=116). The other group underwent posterolateral left thoracal incisions(Sweet procedure, n=116). Intraoperative and postoperative parameters were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The radical resection rates in Ivor-Lewis and Sweet procedure were 95.7% and 92.2% respectively(P>0.05). The time required for opening the thorax was(47.2 ± 5.2) min and (105.4 ± 9.3) min(P=0.000), respectively. The respiratory failure rates were 1.7% and 6.9%(P=0.049). The incidences of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia were 3.4% and 10.3%, respectively. The overall complication rates were 22.4% and 34.5%(P=0.004). The perioperative mortalities were 1.7% and 3.4%(P>0.05). The postoperative ambulation time was (4.0 ± 2.0)d and (4.8 ± 3.7)d(P=0.046). The postoperative time in hospital was (11.5 ± 4.7)d and (13.7 ± 7.8)d(P=0.008).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ivor-Lewis procedure is associated with little damage to diaphragm, shorter intrathoracic operative time, minimal influence on cardiopulmonary function, less postoperative complications, and quicker recovery. This procedure should be considered as the first choice for middle and lower esophageal carcinoma in the elderly.</p>

Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection on hyperpolarization-activated current channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To explore the modulation of Salvia miltiorrhiza on hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats and identify the mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in alleviating pain and inhibiting calcium overload. Methods The effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection on Ih channels in DRG neurons of rats were examined by using whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results The experimental results showed that the amplitude of Ih evoked by -150 mV was (-1.06 +/- 0.18) nA. The Ih could be fitted well into the single kinetics and the time constant of activation, pi was clearly voltage-dependent with tau = (322.14 +/- 28.81) ms at -100 mV, decreasing to tau = (62.51 +/- 9.78) ms at -150 mV. The reversal potential of Ih was (-35.03 +/- 1.12) mV measured from tail currents. But no significant differences were found between the DRG neurons in the absence and presence of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (10%, 25%, 50%) in the current amplitude, the time constant of activation and the reversal potential. The only difference between the DRG neurons in the absence and presence of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection was the half-activation potential of Ih. In control recordings the half-activation potential was (-106.07 +/- 3.59) mV. By comparison, the half-activation potentials changed to (-111.59 +/- 3.79) mV (n=31 neurons, P < 0.05), (-119.37 +/- 4.96) mV (n=31 neurons, P < 0.05) and (-121.23 +/- 3.86) mV (n=31 neurons, P < 0.05) in the presence of 10%, 25%, 50% Salvia miltiorrhiza injection, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Only the half-activation potential of Ih in the arthritic and neuropathic rat models shifted in the depolarizing direction, which increased the electrophysiological activity of Ih and made it related to peripheral hyperalgesia. The selective inhibition of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the electrophysiological activity of Ih may be one of the mechanisms underlying its analgesic effects.</p>

Study on the pharmacological mechanism of analgesic effect of injection stauntoniae / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Injection Stauntoniae (IS) on voltage-gated sodium currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons and analyze its pharmacological mechanism of blocking the nerve conduction and anal gesic action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in acutely isolated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and the effects of 10% , 25% and 50 % IS on voltage-gated sodium currents were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IS inhibited the peak sodium currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons in a dose-dependent way and affected the activation and inactivation process of the channels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The analgesic effect of IS was presumably caused by modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels in primary sensory neurons besides structure destruction of myelin sheath and axon membrane.</p>

Culture of skin-derived precursors and their differentiation into neurons / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the culture method of skin-derived precursors (SKPs) and to explore a new cell source for cell transplantation of central nervous system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cells from skins of juvenile and adult mice were isolated and cultured in serum-free medium. A mechanical method was chosen to passage these cells and they were identified by the immunocytochemistry assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SKPs could be isolated from adult and neonatal skins. They could be maintained in vitro for long periods with stable proliferation, and expanded as undifferentiated cells in culture for more than 12 passages. About 50% of SKPs expressed nestin and majority of these cells expressed fibronectin when they were plated on polyornithine and laminin coated plates. About 5% cells showed neuronal differentiation and expressed neurofilament-M (NF-M) and NSE when SKPs were plated in serum-containing medium, and these cells could also differentiate into adipocytes and fibroblast-like cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The data support the hypothesis that adult skin contains stem cells capable of differentiating into neurons, adipocytes, and fibroblast-like cells. They may represent an alternative autologous stem cell source for CNS cell transplantation.</p>

Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells express neuronal phenotypes / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) can be greatly expanded in vitro, and induced to differentiate into multiple mesenchymal cell types, including osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and adipogenic cells. This study was designed to investigate the possibility of ADSCs differentiating into neurons.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adipose tissue from rats was digested with collagenase, and adherent stromal cells were cultured. A medium containing a low concentration of fetal bovine serum was adopted to induce the cells to differentiate. ADSCs were identified by immunocytochemistry, and semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to detect mRNA expression of neurofilament 1 (NF1), nestin, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nestin-positive cells were found occasionally among ADSCs. ADSCs were found to express NSE mRNA and nestin mRNA, but not NF1 mRNA. ADSCs could differentiate into neuron-like cells in a medium composed of a low concentration of fetal bovine serum, and these differentiated cells displayed complicated neuron-like morphologies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The data support the hypothesis that adipose tissue contains stem cells capable of differentiating into neurons. These stem cells can overcome their mesenchymal commitment, and may represent an alternative autologous stem cell source for CNS cell transplantation.</p>

The in vitro myelin formation in neurospheres of human neural stem cells / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the culture conditions of human neural stem cells and to investigate the ultrastructure of neurospheres.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cells from the embryonic human cortices were mechanically dissociated. N2 medium was adapted to culture and expand the cells. The cells were identified by immunocytochemistry and EM was applied to examine the ultrastructure of neurospheres.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The neural stem cells from human embryonic brains were successfully cultured and formed typical neurospheres in suspension, and most of the cells expressed vimentin, which was a marker for neural progenitor cells, and the cells could differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In vitro myelin formation in neurospheres were observed at an early stage of culture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Human neural stem cells can be cultured from embryonic brains, can form the typical neurospheres in suspension in vitro and have the ability of myelinating, and may be potential source for transplantation in treating myelin disorders.</p>

Advances in research on ion-channel gating mechanism / 生物医学工程学杂志

The history and current situation of cell membrane ion-channel gating mechanism study were reviewed, with an emphasis on the application and the latest developments of kinetic model in gating mechanism study; the problems in present study and ion-channel gating mechanism kinetics model for future investigations were finally discussed.