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Objective:To evaluate the potential effects of serum lipid levels, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) and body mass index (BMI), together with its dynamic changes, on tumor progression in renal clear cell carcinoma patients, so as to inform body weight management.Methods:This prospective cohort study included a total of 100 patients with high-risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Serum lipid levels were detected, ASMI and BMI were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and the dynamic changes of BMI were tracked. The effects of BMI, ASMI and serum lipid levels on tumor progression within 2 years were explored.Results:Patients with normal BMI and low ASMI had 5.248 (95% CI: 1.946 to 14.153, P = 0.001) times higher risk of tumor progression than those who were overweight or obese. For every 0.1-unit increase in pre-operative HDL-C, the risk of tumor progression decreased by 0.771 (95% CI: 0.631 to 0.942, P = 0.011) times. Patients who experienced more than 5% decrease in BMI compared with baseline had 5.165 (95% CI: 1.735 to 15.370, P = 0.003) times the progression risk of patients whose BMI changed within ±5% from baseline. Conclusions:The advantage of obese clear cell carcinoma patients over normal-weight patients in tumor progression-free survival may be influenced by ASMI, pre-onset involuntary weight loss and lipid levels. Therefore, patient weight management should not merely focus on absolute BMI but tailor to individual characteristics, including cancer stage, body composition and metabolic status.
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Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) had been widely used in lung diseases on account of direct pulmonary delivery, good drug stability and satisfactory patient compliance. However, an indistinct understanding of pulmonary delivery processes (PDPs) hindered the development of DPIs. Most current evaluation methods explored the PDPs with over-simplified models, leading to uncompleted investigations of the whole or partial PDPs. In the present research, an innovative modular process analysis platform (MPAP) was applied to investigate the detailed mechanisms of each PDP of DPIs with different carrier particle sizes (CPS). The MPAP was composed of a laser particle size analyzer, an inhaler device, an artificial throat and a pre-separator, to investigate the fluidization and dispersion, transportation, detachment and deposition process of DPIs. The release profiles of drug, drug aggregation and carrier were monitored in real-time. The influence of CPS on PDPs and corresponding mechanisms were explored. The powder properties of the carriers were investigated by the optical profiler and Freeman Technology four powder rheometer. The next generation impactor was employed to explore the aerosolization performance of DPIs. The novel MPAP was successfully applied in exploring the comprehensive mechanism of PDPs, which had enormous potential to be used to investigate and develop DPIs.
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Objective Estimating the therapeutic effect of music therapy and speech language therapy on post-stroke patients with non-fluent aphasia.Methods Eighty-four post-stroke patients diagnosed with non-fluent aphasia who came from the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University were collected between June 2012 and May 2014,then they were randomly divided into music therapy group (n =42) and speech language therapy group (n =42;including chronic (n =46) and acute groups (n =38)) based on table of random numbers.On the basis of conventionally using neurological drugs,music therapy and speech language therapy were given to the patients for one month,respectively.And language function was assessed by partial items of Chinese Version-Western Aphasia Battery before and after therapy.Results No significant changes were found in spontaneous speech,comprehension,repetition,naming and aphasia quotient in chronic and acute group patients through the music therapy and speech language therapy.Significant improvements were revealed in repetition (32.00 (15.00,53.75) vs 48.50(24.50,72.00),Z =2.147,P =0.032;33.00(14.50,49.25) vs 48.50(18.50,63.75),Z =2.018,P=0.038),naming (20.00 (8.50,34.75) vs 37.5(12.50,64.75),Z =2.298,P =0.022;19.50 (7.00,31.25) vs 34.50 (15.00,52.75),Z =2.039,P =0.041) and aphasia quotient (24.50 (10.50,37.50) vs 43.00 (18.00,64.75),Z =2.432,P =0.015;22.50 (10.00,34.50) vs 36.00 (14.00,54.00),Z =2.027,P =0.043) through music therapy and speech language therapy in chronic group patients.Comprehension was significantly improved through music therapy in chronic group patients.Repetition (24.50 (11.00,38.75) vs 46.50 (24.50,67.75),Z =2.038,P =0.043;26.50 (9.50,36.25) vs 42.50(19.00,64.25),Z =1.972,P =0.048) was significantly improved through music therapy and speech language therapy in acute group patients.And spontaneous speech (2.00 (1.00,3.75) vs 8.00 (4.00,12.75),Z =2.012,P =0.036),comprehension (51.00 (17.50,73.75) vs 85.00 (48.00,101.00),Z =2.298,P =0.022),naming (17.50(6.00,29.00) vs 37.50(16.00,58.75),Z =2.161,P =0.031) and aphasia quotient (18.00 (7.50,31.25) vs 42.50 (20.50,63.75),Z =2.256,P =0.024) were significantly improved through music therapy in acute group patients.However,no significant improvements were found in the speech language therapy group of acute patients.Conclusion The two therapies are effective in the chronic patients with non-fluent aphasia,and music therapy is also effective in acute patients with non-fluent aphasia.