Extraction or Non-extraction:Another Ethical Dilemma / 中国医学伦理学

The extraction rate in orthodontic practice changes from different ages,areas,doctors or patient groups.Every ways and means has its advantages and disadvantages,so has different indications.The discussion of extraction or nonextraction is always a focus in orthodontic practice.It is not only pure science but also has some relations with philosophy,ethics aesthetics,moral philosophy so we not only need professional knowledge and techniques,but also need to be responsible and serve the giant population.