Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for 30-Day Mortality in Patients with Hematologic Diseases Infected by Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with hematologic diseases complicated with carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO) infection and analyze the risk factors of 30-day all-cause mortality.@*METHODS@#The clinical data and laboratory test data of 77 hospitalized patients with hematologic diseases complicated with CRO infection in department of hematology of the Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analysed, the risk factors of 30-day all-cause mortality after CRO infection were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#Among the total of 77 patients with hematologic diseases complicated with CRO infection, 29 died and 48 survived within 30 days of infection, with a case fatality rate of 37.66%. A total of 93 strains of CRO were isolated from these patients, of which Acinetobacter baumannii had the highest detection rate (25.81%, 24/93), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.28%, 17/93). The lung was the most common site of CRO infection. The detected pathogens were highly resistant to carbapenems, and 64.52% (60/93) of the pathogens were resistant to imipenem with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)≥16 μg/ml. The results of the univariate analysis showed that albumin concentration <25 g/L (P =0.048), serum creatinine concentration≥120 μmol/L (P =0.023), age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) (P =0.037) and primary treatments (supportive treatment, immunosuppressive therapy, chemotherapy, HSCT) (P =0.048) were significantly associated with 30-day all-cause mortality after infection. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that when CRO infection confirmed, albumin concentration <25 g/L (P =0.014, OR=6.171), serum creatinine concentration≥120 μmol/L (P =0.009, OR=10.867) were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality of patients with hematologic diseases complicated with CRO infection.@*CONCLUSION@#The mortality rate of CRO-infected patients with hematologic diseases is high. The detected pathogenic bacteria are highly resistant to imipenem. The albumin concentration <25 g/L and the serum creatinine concentration≥ 120 μmol/L at diagnosis of CRO infection were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality of the patients with hematologic diseases.

Triaging patients in the outbreak of COVID-2019 / 中国感染控制杂志

In the outbreak of COVID-19,triage procedures based on epidemiology were implemented in a local hospital in Changsha to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and avoid healthcare-associated infection.This re-trospective study analyzed the data collected during the triage period and found that COVID-19 patients were en-riched 7 folds into the Section A designated for patients with obvious epidemiological history.On the other side,nearly triple amounts of visits were received at the Section B for patients without obvious epidemiological history.8 COVID-19 cases were spotted out of 247 suspected patients.More than 50％of the suspected patients were submi-tted to multiple rounds of nucleic acid analysis for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Of the 239 patients who were diagnosed as negative of the virus infection,188 were successfully revisited and none was reported as COVID-19 case.Of the 8 COVID-19 patients,3 were confirmed only after multiple rounds of nucleic acid analysis.Besides comorbidities,delayed sharing of epidemiological history added complexity to the diagnosis in practice.The triaging experience and strategy will be helpful for the control of infectious diseases in the future.

Expression profiles and regulatory network of microRNA, long non-coding RNA and circular RNA in rat chronic stress depression model based on whole transcriptome technology / 解剖学报

[Abstract] Objective To explore the potential pathophysiological mechanism of depression by screening the expression profiles and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network microRNA(miRNA), long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) in the hippocampus of chronic stress depression rat model. Methods Twelve SD rats were divided into blank group and model group. Chronic mild unpredictability stress (CUMS) was used to construct the rat model of depression. The whole transcriptome analysis was performed on the hippocampus of the rats, and the possible regulatory networks among lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA were explored by bioinformatics method. Results According to the | fold change | ≥1. 5 and P≤0. 05, 29 differentially expressed miRNAs (21 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 686 differentially expressed lncRNAs (163 up-regulated and 523 down-regulated) and 8 differentially expressed circRNAs (3 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kytot Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the target genes of miRNAs were mainly enriched in the Golgi apparatus and calcium ion binding process in the cell membrane, the functions of lncRNAs target genes involved nucleic acid binding regulation, cytokine and protein ubiquitination, etc, and the functions of host genes of circRNAs were associated with cellular stimulation response, metabolic process, catalytic activity and other processes. The ceRNA network of lncRNAs and circRNAs showed complex interactions between non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and mRNA related to synaptic plasticity, such as protein Wnt-sa(WNT5a) and collagentype III alpha1(COL8a1) related to axon orientation and laminin A2(LAMA2) related to neurodevelopment. Conclusion The ceRNA network of lncRNA and circRNA shows that the complex interaction betweens ncRNA and mRNA is highly associated with the neuroplasticity, which support the neuroplasticity hypothesis of depression.

Research progress on multi-target regulation strategies of tumor microenvironment based on nano-drug delivery system / 药学学报

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), cancer stem cells (CSCs), extracellular matrix (ECM) and other components of the complex biological environment. TME interacts with the tumor cells through a large amount of signaling pathways, participates in the process of tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Hence, TME has become a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment, exhibiting excellent therapeutic potential and research value in the field of cancer treatment. Currently, the novel nanotechnology has been widely applied in anticancer therapy, and nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery system is being explored to apply in TME modulation to inhibit tumor progression. Nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery has many advantages over traditional therapeutic modalities, including longer circulation times, improved bioavailability, and reduced toxicity. This review summarized the research of targeted nano-drug delivery based on TME regulation, including regulation strategies based on CSCs, CAFs, immune cells, ECM, tumor vascularization, exosomes, and microbiota. In addition, we summarized the advantages, opportunities, and challenges of TME regulation strategy compared with traditional treatment strategy, which provides a reference for the application of nano-drug delivery system based on TME regulation strategy in tumor precision therapy.

Establishment and application of the ten-fold rehydration formula for emergency resuscitation of pediatric patients after extensive burns / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the scientificity and feasibility of the ten-fold rehydration formula for emergency resuscitation of pediatric patients after extensive burns. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. The total burn area of 30%-100% total body surface area (TBSA) and body weight of 6-50 kg in 433 pediatric patients (250 males and 183 females, aged 3 months to 14 years) with extensive burns who met the inclusion criteria and admitted to the burn departments of 72 Class A tertiary hospitals were collected. The 6 319 pairs of simulated data were constructed after pairing each body weight of 6-50 kg (programmed in steps of 0.5 kg) and each total burn area of 30%-100% TBSA (programmed in steps of 1%TBSA). They were put into three accepted pediatric rehydration formulae, namely the commonly used domestic pediatric rehydration formula for burn patients (hereinafter referred to as the domestic rehydration formula), the Galveston formula, and the Cincinnati formula, and the two rehydration formulae for pediatric emergency, namely the simplified resuscitation formula for emergency care of patients with extensive burns proposed by the World Health Organization's Technical Working Group on Burns (TWGB, hereinafter referred to as the TWGB formula) and the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula proposed by the author of this article--rehydration rate (mL/h)=body weight (kg) × 10 (mL·kg-1·h-1) to calculate the rehydration rate within 8 h post injury (hereinafter referred to as the rehydration rate). The range of the results of the 3 accepted pediatric rehydration formulae ±20% were regarded as the reasonable rehydration rate, and the accuracy rates of rehydration rate calculated using the two pediatric emergency rehydration formulae were compared. Using the maximum burn areas (55% and 85% TBSA) corresponding to the reasonable rehydration rate calculated by the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula at the body weight of 6 and 50 kg respectively, the total burn area of 30% to 100% TBSA was divided into 3 segments and the accuracy rates of the rehydration rate calculated using the 2 pediatric emergency rehydration formulae in each segment were compared. When neither of the rehydration rates calculated by the 2 pediatric emergency rehydration formulae was reasonable, the differences between the two rehydration rates were compared. The distribution of 433 pediatric patients in the 3 previous total burn area segments was counted and the accuracy rates of the rehydration rate calculated using the 2 pediatric emergency rehydration formulae were calculated and compared. Data were statistically analyzed with McNemar test. Results: Substitution of 6 319 pairs of simulated data showed that the accuracy rates of the rehydration rates calculated by the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula was 73.92% (4 671/6 319), which was significantly higher than 4.02% (254/6 319) of the TWGB formula (χ2=6 490.88,P<0.05). When the total burn area was 30%-55% and 56%-85% TBSA, the accuracy rates of the rehydration rates calculated by the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula were 100% (2 314/2 314) and 88.28% (2 357/2 670), respectively, which were significantly higher than 10.98% (254/2 314) and 0 (0/2 670) of the TWGB formula (with χ2 values of 3 712.49 and 4 227.97, respectively, P<0.05); when the total burn area was 86%-100% TBSA, the accuracy rates of the rehydration rates calculated by the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula and the TWGB formula were 0 (0/1 335). When the rehydration rates calculated by the 2 pediatric emergency rehydration formulae were unreasonable, the rehydration rates calculated by the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula were all higher than those of the TWGB formula. There were 93.07% (403/433), 5.77% (25/433), and 1.15% (5/433) patients in the 433 pediatric patients had total burn area of 30%-55%, 56%-85%, and 86%-100% TBSA, respectively, and the accuracy rate of the rehydration rate calculated using the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula was 97.69% (423/433), which was significantly higher than 0 (0/433) of the TWGB formula (χ2=826.90, P<0.05). Conclusions: The application of the pediatric ten-fold rehydration formula to estimate the rehydration rate of pediatric patients after extensive burns is more accurate and convenient, superior to the TWGB formula, suitable for application by front-line healthcare workers that are not specialized in burns in pre-admission rescue of pediatric patients with extensive burns, and is worthy of promotion.

Differential expression and bioinformatics analysis of epsin3 in colorectal cancer / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of the adaptor protein epsin 3 (EPN3) in colorectal cancer in order to provide reference for further stud)' of EPN3. Methods GEPIA and GEDS were used to analyze the expression of EPN3 in colorectal cancer tissues and cells. SMART and cBioPortal databases were used to analyze the relationship between EPN3 gene metfrylation and cop)' number variation and its expression level. Metascape was used to complete analysis of gene ontology functional annotation and related pathways of EPN3 related genes and BioPlex was applied to construct a protein network in HCT116 cell. Thirteen pairs of colorectal cancer adjacent tissue and cancer tissue specimens were collected, and EPN3 mRNA expression were detected by Real-time PCR. The effect of abilities of cell proliferation, clone formation and migration via silencing EPN3 in HCT116 and HT29 were observed. Results GEPIA, GEDS, SMART and cBioPortal analyses showed that EPN3 was highly expressed in colorectal tumor tissues (P<0. 01), and was related to methylation and copy number variation. The enrichment result of EPN3 related genes showed that it was mainly related to cell adhesion. And a protein interaction network constructed by CCDC130, TNFAIP1, PHGDH, EPN2, etc. was related to protein ubiquitination. Real-time PCR result showed that EPN3 was highly expressed in tumor tissues (P<0. 05). Silencing EPN3 inhibited the proliferation, clony formation and migration abilities of HCT116 and HT29 cells. Conclusion EPN3 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and is related to cell adhesion and protein ubiquitination. Down-regulated EPN3 can inhibit abilities of proliferation, clony formation and migration of HCT116 and HT29 cells, and this could provide a reference for further research on EPN3.

A "4D" systemic view on meridian essence: Substantial, functional, chronological and cultural attributes / 中西医结合学报

The term Jingluo, translated as meridian or channel, is a core component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has played a fundamental role in guiding the clinical practice of acupuncture for thousands of years. However, the essence of the meridian remains elusive and is a source of both confusion and debate for researchers. In this study, a "4D" systemic view on the essence of the meridian, namely substantial, functional, chronological, and cultural dimensions, was proposed based on a review of the ancient medical classics, recent research developments, and results from clinical practice. Previous studies have primarily focused on the substantial dimension of the meridian system, with scant interpretation about its functional domain. Neither systemic data nor evaluations have been adequately documented. Additionally, a limited but increasing number of studies have focused on the chronological and cultural dimensions. More investigations that embody the holistic concept of TCM and integrate the systemic modes and advanced techniques with dominant diseases of TCM need to be performed to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the essence of meridians. The goal of this study is to yield useful information in understanding the essence of meridians and provide a reference and perspective for further research.

Comparative Analysis of Lonicera japonica Flower from Different Harvesting Periods Based on UV Fingerprint and Chemometrics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the quality variation of Lonicera japonica flower from different harvesting periods by ultraviolet visible（UV-Vis） fingerprint combined with chemometrics. MethodTwenty-five L. japonica flower samples from five harvesting periods， including young bud stage，green bud stage，white bud stage，silver and golden flower stages， were collected， with five samples for each stage. UV-Vis fingerprints of L. japonica flower from different harvesting periods were established in the context of the optimum extraction method based on the single factor experiment. The results showed that the absorption values at 209，216，226，250，280，303，318， and 350 nm were significantly different. Moreover，after data pretreatment and normalization，multivariate statistical analyses， such as principal component analysis （PCA），partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA），and orthogonal PLS-DA （OPLS-DA）were performed by SIMCA-P+ to establish the quality variation model of L. japonicas flower from harvesting periods. ResultAs revealed by PCA and PLS-DA， L. japonicas flower samples from five harvesting periods were clustered separately and closely in a harvesting time-dependent manner， suggesting that the content of components contained in samples from different harvesting periods was highly distinct and correlated with harvesting periods. The pairwise comparison of OPLS-DA indicated that triterpenoids or volatile oils were the main components causing the changes from the young bud stage to the green bud stage，and the content of them decreased. The main components from the green bud stage to the white bud stage were triterpenoids （or iridoids），volatile oils，phenolic acids， or flavonoids，and the content of them decreased， which was consistent with the HPLC result of chlorogenic acid. From the white bud stage to the silver flower stage， the main components were iridoids （increasing in content） and triterpenoids （or volatile oils） （decreasing in content）. The main altered components from the silver flower stage to the golden flower stage were triterpenoids （or volatile oils） whose content increased. ConclusionThis method is simple and feasible， which can provide references for the quality control of Chinese medicine.

Effect and Mechanism of Prunellae Spica on Metabolic Syndrome in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome is the inherent phenotype of many diseases， which seriously endangers the cardio-cerebrovascular system. Prunellae Spica can regulate lipid metabolism disorder in high-fat mice and inhibit the metabolic disorder of liver injury. This study analyzed the effect of Prunellae Spica on metabolic syndrome and its mechanism， and it is of great significance to find potential safe drugs from natural products. MethodIn this study， the metabolic syndrome model was induced by fructose. The metabolomics method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） was used to explore the effect and mechanism of Prunellae Spica on rats with metabolic syndrome. ResultPharmacological results showed that Prunellae Spica significantly reduced the body weight， blood lipid level and lipid peroxidation level and inhibited the release of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in rats with metabolic syndrome. Thus， Prunellae Spica protected the liver and maintained its normal functions. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that metabolites in the serum of rats with metabolic syndrome changed significantly， which was improved after Prunellae Spica treatment. Compared with the metabolites in normal group， 11 differential metabolic markers were found in rats with metabolic syndrome. Compared with model group， Prunellae Spica group had 8 significantly different metabolic markers， among which phosphate， pyruvic acid and succinic acid were common markers. Pathway analysis indicated that the regulatory effect of Prunellae Spica was mainly related to citrate cycle， glycolysis and gluconeogenesis， serine/threonine and glycine metabolic pathways. ConclusionPrunellae Spica can be used as a potential natural source for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. It can regulate the metabolic disorder in metabolic syndrome via energy and amino acid metabolism.

Da Chaihutang Protects Liver Mitochondrial Function of Nutritionally Obese Rats via CREB/PGC-1α Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of Da Chaihutang on Cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）-response element binding protein （CREB）/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha （PGC-1<italic>α</italic>） pathway in nutritionally obese rats and the protective mechanism on liver mitochondria. Method:A total of 120 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group （<italic>n</italic>=20） and an experimental group （<italic>n</italic>=100）. The rats in the control group were fed on a normal diet， while those in the experimental group were administered with a high-fat feed. Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group， a positive drug （metformin） group， and low-， medium- and high-dose Da Chaihutang groups （4.25， 8.5， and 17 g∙kg^-1， respectively）， with 20 rats in each group. After treatment with Da Chaihutang， the body weight， Lee's index， liver mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ultrastructure， PGC-1<italic>α </italic>expression and CREB phosphorylation of each group were measured and compared. Result:Compared with the control group， the model group showed increased body weight and Lee's index （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， whereas decreased mitochondrial membrane potential， PGC-1<italic>α</italic> expression， and CREB phosphorylation level （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. As compared with the model group， Da Chaihutang significantly reduced the body weight and Lee's index of obese rats （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， enhanced liver mitochondrial membrane potential （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01） to protect the integrity of mitochondrial structure， up-regulated PGC-1<italic>α</italic> expression and promoted CREB phosphorylation （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Da Chaihutang protects the structure and function of mitochondria and inhibits weight gain in obese rats by activating the CREB/PGC-1<italic>α</italic> pathway.

Nardostachys jatamansi， A Medicinal Plant from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma is the dry root and rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi （Valerianaceae） with a long medical history and a broad range of application， which is effective in regulating Qi， relieving pain， resolving depression， and enlivening spleen， as well as dispelling dampness and relieving swelling by external application. It can be used for the treatment of abdominal distension， loss of appetite， and vomiting. Besides， it can also relieve toothache and treat dermatophytosis and pyogenic infection by external use. Moreover， it serves as a common medicinal material in ancient Ayurveda and Unani medical systems in India and also as an ingredient in spices， foods， and cosmetics. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma possesses multiple pharmacological activities， such as sedation， anti-epilepsy， anti-convulsion， anti-depression， anti-arrhythmia， anti-malaria， anti-inflammation， anti-bacteria， anti-oxidation， and blood sugar metabolism improvement due to its multiple compounds contained， including terpenes， flavonoids， coumarins， and lignans. The main active components are sesquiterpenoids represented by nardosinone. The pharmacological activities， chemical compositions， and clinical applications of Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma have been investigated， but the research on resources， distribution， quality control， cultivation status， and applications are rarely reported. As an important genuine medicinal material from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau， Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma is obtained mainly from wild N. jatamansi. Accordingly， the conservation and sustainable utilization of N. jatamansi have attracted much attention all around the world. Based on the resource survey， cultivation research， and relevant literature available， the present study reviewed resources， geographical distribution， chemical compositions， pharmacological activities， quality control， cultivation， and applications of N. jatamansi， aiming to provide references for the conservation and development of N. jatamansi.

Content determination and transferring rules of seven components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix and its processed products / 中国中药杂志

A HPLC method was established for simultaneous determination of two organic acids(chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid) and five phthalides(senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide A, ligustilide, and butylidenephthalide) in Angelicae Sinensis Radix and its processed products to clarify the underlying material transferring rules. The analysis was performed on a Welch Ultimate C_8 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile(A)-0.085% phosphoric acid water(B) as the mobile phase in a gradient elution mode at the flow rate of 1.1 mL·min~(-1), the column temperature of 25 ℃, the detection wavelength of 280 nm, and the injection volume of 10 μL. Under these conditions, the content of the above-mentioned seven components was analyzed in 15 batches of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and its processed products, and the transfer rate of each compound was calculated. As a result, in the processed products, the average content of chlorogenic acid was slightly decreased and that of ferulic acid was equivalent to the medicinal materials. The content of senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide A, and butylidenephthalide showed an increasing trend in the processed products as compared with the medicinal materials. The mass fraction of ligustilide in the medicinal materials was above 0.7%(0.94% on average), meeting the requirement of 0.6% in the Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards, but was 0.47% on average in the processed products, which was decreased by 50% approximately. Further investigation showed that the content of ligustilide in freshly made processed products of Angelicae Sinensis Radix did not change significantly compared with that in the medicinal materials, indicating that the loss of ligustilide in the processed products mainly occurred in the storage. Therefore, Angelicae Sinensis Radix is suitable for storing in the form of medicinal materials and the freshly made processed products should be used except for special cases. Additionally, it is recommended to control the content of volatile oils or ligustilide in medicinal materials and processed products of Angelicae Sinensis Radix to ensure its effectiveness in clinical medication.

Analysis of the two-child policy's impact on the fertility level of the residents in Yangpu District, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To explore the impact of the two-child policy on the fertility level of residents in Yangpu District. Methods Birth registry data were collected from the residents of Yangpu District in Shanghai during January 2015 to December 2018 for the analysis of birth characteristics and its variation after the two-child policy implementation. Results The total fertility rate was higher than 1 only in 2016 that was 1.04, whereas it was about 0.8 in other three years. The number of the second child increased which was inspired by the policy. However, the increment in the number of second child was far less than the decrease in the first child. From 2015 through 2018, the proportion of second children in the total births with local household registration accounted for 18.84%, 20.03%, 26.29% and 24.35%, respectively. From January 2015 to August 2016, the proportion of second children was on the rise slowly, in which the annual percent change(APC)value was 0.34%(P > 0.05). From September 2016 to May 2017, the proportion of second children had shown an obvious increase, and the APC value was 3.97%(P < 0.05). From June 2017 to December 2018, the proportion of second children was on a downward trend, in which the APC value was -0.97%(P < 0.05). Conclusion Favorable fertility policy may not reverse the fertility level in Yangpu District, which remains at a very low level.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis in preeclampsia patients in the second and third trimesters / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication that affects maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, the mechanisms have not been fully explained. This study was designed to analyze longitudinal gut microbiota alterations in pregnant women with and without PE in the second (T2) and third trimesters (T3).@*METHODS@#In this nested case-control study, which was conducted at Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, fecal samples from 25 PE patients (25 fecal samples obtained in T2 and 15 fecal samples obtained in T3) and 25 matched healthy controls (25 fecal samples obtained in T2 and 22 fecal samples obtained in T3) were collected, and the microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The diversity and composition of the microbiota of PE cases and controls were compared.@*RESULTS@#No significant differences in diversity were found between the PE and control groups (P > 0.05). In the control group, from T2 to T3, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria (median [Q1, Q3]: 2.25% [1.24%, 3.30%] vs. 0.64% [0.20%, 1.20%], Z = -3.880, P < 0.05), and Tenericutes (median [Q1, Q3]: 0.12% [0.03%, 3.10%] vs. 0.03% [0.02%, 0.17%], Z = -2.369, P < 0.05) decreased significantly. In the PE group, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in T2 was lower than in T3 (median [Q1, Q3]: 18.16% [12.99%, 30.46%] vs. 31.09% [19.89%, 46.06%], Z = -2.417, P < 0.05). In T2, the relative abundances of mircrobiota showed no significant differences between the PE group and the control group. However, in T3, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower in the PE group than in the control group (mean ± standard deviation: 60.62% ± 15.17% vs. 75.57% ± 11.53%, t = -3.405, P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae were significantly higher in the PE group than in the control group (median [Q1, Q3]: 31.09% [19.89%, 46.06%] vs. 18.24% [12.90%, 32.04%], Z = -2.537, P < 0.05; 1.52% [1.05%, 2.61%] vs. 0.64% [0.20%, 1.20%], Z = -3.310, P < 0.05; 0.75% [0.20%, 1.00%] vs. 0.01% [0.004%, 0.023%], Z = -4.152, P < 0.05). Linear discriminant analysis combined effect size measurements analysis showed that the relative abundances of the phylum Bacteroidetes, class Bacteroidia and order Bacteroidales were increased in the PE group, while those of the phylum Firmicutes, the class Clostridia, the order Clostridiales, and the genus unidentified Lachnospiraceae were decreased in the PE group; and these differences were identified as taxonomic biomarkers of PE in T3.@*CONCLUSION@#From T2 to T3, there was an obvious alteration in the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota of PE patients in T3 was significantly different from that of the control group.

Role of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in microglia activation after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage / 中国骨伤

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of neonatal death and neurodevelopmental disorders in infants. Part of patients have different degrees of neurological sequelae, such as cerebral palsy, cognitive and motor function development disorders. Hypoxia-ischemia may activate JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which leads to the microglia activation and neuroinflammation. Down-Regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway can inhibit microglia activation and regulate the inflammatory injury of nervous system. At present, the treatment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is limited, so the study of regulatory mechanism about microglia activation has important value for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. This paper summarizes the role of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in microglia activation and analyzes the relationship between them, in order to provide new ideas and strategies for treatment on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Genetic distribution and forensic evaluation of multiplex autosomal short tandem repeats in the Chinese Xinjiang Mongolian group / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

To further enrich the genetic data of the Chinese Xinjiang Mongolian group, the genetic distribution and forensic parameters of 19 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) were investigated. Altogether, 249 alleles were observed in these 19 STRs. The mean values of the polymorphism information content (PIC), match probability (MP), discrimination power (DP), and probability of exclusion (PE) for these 19 STRs were 0.7775, 0.0699, 0.9301, and 0.6085, respectively. Additionally, the cumulative DP and PE values obtained in the Mongolian group were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 995 67 and 0.999 999 992 163, respectively. Furthermore, population genetic analysis of the Mongolian group and 20 published populations was conducted based on the population data of 15 overlapping STRs. Genetic distances indicated that the Mongolian group had closer genetic similarities with the Uyghur, Xibe, and other Chinese populations rather than the other continental populations. Multidimensional scaling analysis further revealed that the Mongolian group possessed similar genetic distributions as most Chinese populations. To sum it all up, these STRs could be used as an extremely efficient tool for forensic applications in the Xinjiang Mongolian group.

Accumulation and Toxicity of Mercury in Zhuhong Ointment in Rats with Damaged Skin Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study the accumulation of mercury in liver, kidney and brain of rats and its toxicity on liver and kidney after 4 weeks of administration of different doses of Zhuhong ointment, in order to provide data reference for the safe clinical use of Zhuhong ointment. Method: Forty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, normal-dose group (1.875 mg·kg-1), medium-dose group (37.5 mg·kg-1), and high-dose group (75 mg·kg-1). After transdermal administration for consecutive 4 weeks, the mercury content in the urine, blood, liver, kidney and brain of the rats was measured. In addition, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr), urine β2-miSCroglobulin (β2-BMG) and urine N-acetyl-beta-D glucosidase (NAG) contents were measured, and pathological morphology changes of liver and kidney were observed. Result:Compared with the control group, the levels of blood mercury and urine mercury in Zhuhong ointment groups showed significant increases after administration for 4 weeks(PPPPPPConclusion:Zhuhong ointment is not toxic at the normal dose, but long-term use can lead to the accumulation of mercury in liver, kidney and bra, which causes liver and kidney toxicity. This study did not find a more sensitive indicator of liver and kidney toxicity than liver and kidney pathology. However, because the rising levels of urinary mercury and blood mercury may predict toxicity, the relationship between mercury exposure and toxicity could be further studied. This study provides a reference for the rational use and toxicity monitoring of Zhuhong ointment.

Comparison between pathology and computer for quantitative determination of femoral head necrosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare computer measurement semi automatic quantitative detection software system with ultra thin layer pathological section to confirm the avascular necrosis percentage of the femoral head, and provide reference for clinical treatment options.@*METHODS@#From June 2012 to December 2013, the X-ray and MRI of 24 patients(24 hips on unilateral) were reviewed, who had avascular necrosis of the femoral head at late stage (stage III and IV) according to the ARCO international staging system, and performed by total hip arthroplasty. There were 15 males and 9 females, with an average age of (65.1±8.8) years old ranging 33 to 74 years old. Based on imaging system combined with computer aided technology(CAD) system and postoperative ultrathin slice, the volume of the area of femoral head necrosis were calculated. Then combining with the total volume of the femoral head was calculated by X-ray, the percentage of each femoral head necrosis area was calculated as a percentage of the whole ball head in both methods.@*RESULTS@#For 24 hips, the normal femoral head volume was (39.58±3.29) cm³ on average of X-ray film, the necrotic volume was (20.00±3.04) cm³ on average of MRI by the calculation of computer. The necrotic volume occupying in the volume of the normal femoral head was (42.92±6.09)% on average ranged. The necrotic lesion size was larger than 40% in 16 hips, 30% to 40% in 8 hips, 1 ess than 30% in 0 hip. Under the pathological section, the necrosis volume was (19.89±3.17) cm³, the necrotic volume occupying in the volume of the normal femoral head was (40.33±6.36)%. The necrotic lesion size was larger than 40% in 12 hips, 30% to 40% in 11 hips, 1 ess than 30% in 1 hip. In computer and general measurement, the two entire femoral head volume difference was (0.113±0.466) cm³, there was no significant difference using these measurements(=-1.186, =0.248). After the linear correlation statistics analysis, there was a positive correlation relationship in necrotic volume between computer software and pathology measurement(γ=0.980, =0.000).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The severity of the necrotic femoral head is closely related to the percentage of necrotic area. When the ratio of necrotic lesions and the whole femoral head is greater than 30%, the patients' clinical symptoms tend to aggravate, the probability of total hip arthroplasty increased significantly. It have great significances in femoral head necrosis installment, judge the prognosis, guide the selection of treatment and monitoring curative effect.

Clinical observation of selective posterior rhizotomy for improving spasticity and gross movement in patients with cerebral palsy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of selective lumbosacral posterior rhizotomy(SPR) on lower limb spasticity and gross motor function in patients with cerebral palsy.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to October 2018, 47 patients with cerebral palsy were treated with rehabilitation alone and SPR combined with rehabilitation. According to whether SPR was performed, the patients were divided into group A and group B. Group A was treated with rehabilitation combined with SPR at lumbosacral level, and group B was treated with rehabilitation alone. There were 23 cases in group A, including 15 males and 8 females, with an average age of (7.30±3.25) years old; 24 cases in group B, 13 males and 11 females, with an average age of (7.00±3.09) years old. Forty-seven patients were assessed with modified Ashworth(MAS) and Gross Motor Function Scale(GMFM-88 items) before and after treatment. The changes of MAS and GMFM-88 scores before and after treatment were compared to evaluate the degree of spasm and the improvement of gross motor function in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#All 47 patients were followed up. At 6 months after treatment, the MAS classification of the two groups was significantly improved(<0.05), and the improvement of group A was more obvious than that of group B(<0.05). Six months after treatment, the D, E and total scores of GMFM-88 between two groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation(<0.05). The improvement of D and total scores in group A was more obvious than that in group B. There was no significant difference in the improvement of area E between two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Selective posterior rhizotomy combined with rehabilitation can significantly improve the spastic state and gross motor function of lower limbs in children with cerebral palsy, and can effectively promote the reconstruction and recovery of motor function of lower limbs in children with cerebral palsy.

Study on assay strategy of total tritepenoid saponins in traditional Chinese medicines using total saponins from Akebiae Caulis as an example / 中国中药杂志

Due to lack of reference substances,the content of triterpenoid saponins in traditional Chinese medicines is usually characterized by colorimetric determination of total saponins. However,the specificity of colorimetric method is poor,and the determination result is not accurate enough. So,in this paper,the content determination method of total triterpenoid saponins was studied by taking Akebiae Caulis saponins as an example. The contents of three main saponin aglycones,including arjunolic acid,hederagenin and oleanolic acid,were determined by HPLC method. Referring to the content determination method of total flavonol glycosides in Ginkgo biloba leaves in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the content of Akebiae Caulis saponins was obtained by multiplying the total content of the three above-mentioned aglycones with conversion coefficient. LC-MS/MS analysis results showed that mutongsaponin C and aponin PJIwere the two main triterpene saponins in Akebiae Caulis,and they shared the same molecular formula. So,the average value of the ratios of the molecular weight between mutongsaponin C and the three aglycones was defined as the conversion coefficient.The three aglycones were separated on an ACE Excel 3 C18-AR column( 4. 6 mm×150 mm,3 μm),and methanol-water( containing0. 04% glacial acetic acid and 0. 02% triethylamine) was used as mobile phase with gradient elution. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm,and the flow rate was 0. 5 m L·min-1. The results showed that there was a good linearity among the ranges of 1. 053-16. 84,0. 200-3. 200 and 1. 515-24. 24 μg for arjunolic acid,hederagenin and oleanolic acid,respectively. Their average recoveries were97. 90%,97. 50% and 100. 5%,with RSD of 2. 0%,2. 9% and 2. 9%,respectively. The results of methodological investigation met the requirements of content determination. The conversion coefficient was 2. 31. This method is simple and reliable,and can be used for the determination of total triterpenoid saponins in Akebiae Caulis. The assay strategy can be used for the determination of total triterpenoid saponins in other traditional Chinese medicines.