A new xanthone from the Polygala tenuifolia Willd. of northern Shaanxi / 药学学报

Ten compounds were isolated and purified from ethanol extracts of dried roots bark of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. by various chromatography techniques such as silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as β-sitosterol (1), tenuifolin (2), 6-methoxy coumarin (3), 7-phenyl-1-hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethoxyxanthone (4), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,4,7-trimethoxyanthone (5), mangiferin (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (7), rutin (8), syringaldehyde (9), salicylicacid (10). Among them, compounds 3, 4 and 5 were isolated from the genus of Ploygala for the first time and compound 4 was a new xanthone. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of compounds 3, 4 and 5 were evaluated by Ellman colorimetric method, compounds 3 and 5 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity, compound 4 exhibited weak inhibitory activity.

A new diphenyl butanedione from Astragalus membranaceus of northern Shanxi / 药学学报

Seven compounds were isolated from Astragalus membranaceus of northern shaanxi by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Their chemical structures were identified on the basis of their physical and chemical properties. These compounds were elucidated as astragaloside IV (1), formononetin (2), calycosin (3), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2,4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-1,4-but anedione (4), (E)-4-methylcinnamic acid (5), quercetin (6), and uridine (7). Compound 4 is a new compound and compound 5 was isolated from the plants of Astragalus Linn. for the first time. The results of in vitro antitumor activity assay showed that compound 4 could inhibit the proliferation of A549 with IC50 values of 11.41 μmol·L-1.

Efficacy of 1 384 cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis underwent cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: Peritoneal carcinomatosis refers to a group of heterogeneous (primary or secondary) malignancies in the surface of the peritoneum. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a comprehensive treatment strategy aiming at peritoneal carcinomatosis. This study analyzed the efficacy and safety of CRS+HIPEC in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, and explored prognostic factors. Methods: In this descriptive case-series study, the clinicopathological data of 1384 consecutive patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis treated in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (330 patients) and Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University (1054 patients) from January 2004 to January 2020 were collected retrospectively. Treatment patterns of CRS+HIPEC characteristics (operative time, number of resected organs, number of stripped peritoneum, number of anastomosis, and HIPEC regimens), safety [blood loss volume, postoperative severe adverse event (SAE) and treatment outcome], survival time and prognostic factors influencing survival were analyzed. The SAE was defined as grade III-IV adverse event according to the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International Textbook. Perioperative period was defined from the day of CRS+HIPEC to postoperative 30th day. OS was calculated from the day of CRS+HIPEC to the date of death or the last follow-up. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and log-rank test was used for comparison between groups. Cox regression model was used to identify the prognostic factors. Results: Among 1384 peritoneal carcinomatosis patients, 529 (38.2%) were male; median age was 55 (10-87) years old; median body mass index (BMI) was 22.6 kg/m(2); peritoneal carcinomatosis of 164 (11.8%) patients were from gastric cancer, 287 (20.7%) from colorectal cancer, 356 (25.7%) from pseudomyxoma peritonei, 90 (6.5%) from malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, 300 (21.7%) from gynecological cancer or primary peritoneal carcinoma, and 187 (13.5%) from retroperitoneal sarcoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, and other rare tumors. The median duration of CRS+HIPEC was 595 (90-1170) minutes, median number of resected organs was 2 (0-10), median number of resected peritoneal area were 4 (0-9), median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was 21(1-39). Completeness of cytoreduction (CC) score of 0-1 was observed in 857 cases (61.9%). Regarding HIPEC regimens, there were 917 cases (66.3%) with cisplatin plus docetaxel, 183 cases (13.2%) with cisplatin plus mitomycin, 43 cases (3.1%) with adriamycin plus ifosfamide, and the other 240 cases (17.3%) with modified regimens. Perioperative SAE developed in 331 peritoneal carcinomatosis patients (23.9%) with 500 cases, of whom 21 patients (1.5%) died during the perioperative period due to ineffective treatment, while the others recovered after active treatment. During median follow-up time of 8.6 (0.3-82.7) months, there were 414 deaths (29.9%). The median OS was 38.2 months (95% CI: 30.6-45.8), and the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rate was 73.5%, 50.4% and 39.3%, respectively. The median OS of peritoneal carcinomatosis patients from gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, pseudomyxoma peritonei, malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and female genital cancer or primary peritoneal carcinomatosis was 11.3 months (95% CI: 8.9-13.8), 18.1 months (95% CI: 13.5-22.6), 59.7 months (95% CI: 48.0-71.4), 19.5 months (95% CI: 6.0-33.0) and 51.7 months (95% CI: 14.6-88.8), respectively, and the difference among groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the primary gastric cancer (HR=4.639, 95% CI: 1.692-12.724), primary colorectal cancer (HR=4.292, 95% CI: 1.957-9.420), primary malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (HR=2.741, 95% CI: 1.162-6.466), Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score of 60 (HR=4.606, 95% CI: 2.144-9.895), KPS score of 70 (HR=3.434, 95% CI: 1.977-5.965), CC score of 1 (HR=2.683, 95% CI: 1.440~4.999), CC score of 2-3 (HR=3.661,95% CI: 1.956-6.852) and perioperative SAE (HR=2.588, 95% CI: 1.846-3.629) were independent prognostic factors influencing survival with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusions: CRS+HIPEC is an effective integrated treatment strategy for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, which can prolong survival with acceptable safety. Preoperative evaluation of patients' general condition is necessary and CRS+HIPEC should be carefully considered to perform for patients with preoperative KPS score <80. During the operation, the optimal CRS should be achieved on condition that safety is granted. In addition, it is necessary to prevent perioperative SAE to reduce the risk of death in peritoneal carcinomatosis patients.

Post-marketing Re-evaluation of Tongxiening Granules () in Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy and Positive Control Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tongxiening Granules (, TXNG) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D).@*METHODS@#A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, and positive parallel controlled clinical trial was conducted from October 2014 to March 2016. Totally 342 patients from 13 clinical centers were enrolled and randomly assigned (at the ratio of 1:1) to a treatment group (171 cases) and a control group (171 cases) by a random coding table. The patients in the treatment group were administered orally with TXNG (5 g per time) combined with pinaverium bromide Tablet simulator (50 mg per time), 3 times per day. The patients in the control group were given TXNG simulator (5 g per time) combined with pinaverium bromide Tablets (50 mg per time), 3 times per day. The treatment course lasted for 6 weeks. The improvement of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS) was used to evaluate the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included adequate relief (AR) rate, Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life Questionnaire (IBS-QOL), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and the recurrence rate at follow-ups. Safety indices including the adverse events (AEs) and related laboratory tests were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Primary outcome: IBS-SSS at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 6 showed no statistical significance in both full analysis set (FAS) and per protocol set (PPS, P>0.05). After 6 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate of IBS-SSS scores in the treatment group (147/171,86.0%) was higher than the control group (143/171, 83.6%) by FAS (P>0.05). In regard to secondary outcomes, after 6-week treatment, there was no significant difference in AR rate, total score of IBS-QOL, improvement of HAMD and HAMA total scores between the two groups (P>0.05). The recurrence rate at 8-week follow-up was 12.35% (10/18) in treatment group and 15.79% (12/76) in control group, respectively (P>0.05). A total of 21 AEs occurred in 15 cases, of which 11 occurred in 8 cases in the treatment group and 10 AEs in 7 cases in the control group. The incidence of AEs had no statistical significance between the two goups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Tongxiening Granules could relieve the symptoms of patients with IBS-D and the treatment effect was comparable to pinaverium bromide. (No. ChiCTR-IPR-15006415).

The present situation and countermeasures of Uighur medicine compound / 中国中药杂志

Uighur medicine compound, which created and used by Uighur nationality, is under the guidance of the Uighur medical theory system of herbal formula and dialectical use of minority nationality conventional medicines. In recent years, Uighur medicine attracted more and more attention of people which have used and were using it. Combining the history of Uighur medicine, this article summarizes the Uighur resources, medicinal materials, drugs preparation, ancient documents, and the establishment of the clinical evaluation system and so on, and then analyzes the status quo and the existing problems in Uighur medicine compound research and industry. On this basis, we put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the development of Uighur medicine.

Molecular and Genetic Mechanism of Three Cases of Para-Bombay Blood Group / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore molecular and genetic mechanism of 3 cases of para-Bombay blood group.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The bood samples of proband and family members were selected to identify their blood groups with conventional serologic methods, and salivary components carrying the ABH antigens were detected. The coding regions of FUT1 as well as exon 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were amplified using polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and the FUT1 gene was directly sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 3 cases of proband were confirmed as para-Bombay blood group. Direct sequencing revealed h new2 (nt328G→A) and h1(nt 547 ΔAG) in FUT1 gene of the proband 1, and FUT1 genotype was h1/h new2. However, the genotypes of his parents were H/h1 and H/h new2, which were non-Bombay individuals. The FUT1 genotypes of proband 2 and 3 were h1h2 (nt 547 ΔAG) and h1h2 (nt 880 ΔTT), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The technology of molecular biology can be used to detect the base deletion mutations in FUT1 gene, which contributes to the analysis of molecular and genetic mechanism of para-Bombay blood group.</p>

Effects of intracellular Porphyromonas gingivalis on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis to invade human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and the effect of intracellular P. gingivalis on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The invasion ability of P. gingivalis in hPDLCs was tested using an antibiotic protection assay at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 and 100. The proliferation of the infected cells was detected using a CFDA-SE kit, and the cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) followed by alizarin red staining for detecting mineralization nodules deposition; real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of Runx2 mRNA in the cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>P. gingivalis actively invaded hPDLCs, and the internalized P. gingivalis was able to resist antibiotic treatment. The cells infected by P. gingivalis exhibited no significant suppression of cell proliferation, but showed significantly lowered capacity for osteogenic differentiation, down-regulated RUNX2 mRNA expression, and reduced mineral deposition.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intracellular P. gingivalis does not significantly affect the proliferation of hPDLCs but inhibits osteogenic differentiation of the cells.</p>

Expression of helicase DDX41 in human dental pulp tissues and cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of D-E-A-D-box polypeptide 41 (DDX41) in human dental pulp tissues and cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mRNA and protein expressions of DDX41 in human dental pulp cells were detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, and the expression of DDX41 in human dental pulp tissues was investigated by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Strong expressions of DDX41 mRNA and protein were detected in dental pulp cells. In dental pulp tissues, DDX41 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of odontoblasts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DDX41/STING-dependent TBK1-IRF3-IFN-β signaling pathway may play a role in innate immune responses of the dental pulp to caries and pulpitis.</p>

Small molecule inhibitor SB203580 enhances the antitumor effect of gefitinib in PC-9 and A549 lung cancer cell lines / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the inhibitory effect of a p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 in combination with gefitinib on lung adenocarcinoma cell line PC-9 cells and A549 cells, and its cellular and molecular mechanisms of action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT test was used to detect the growth inhibition of PC-9 and A549 cells by SB203580 alone and in combination with gefitinib. Cell apoptosis and cell cycles were determined by flow cytometry. The expressions of p38 and phosphorylated -p38 proteins in the two cell lines were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. The associated protein expression was determined by Western-blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the SB203580 group and gefitinib group, the growth inhibition and cell apoptosis of PC-9 cells in the SB203580 + gefitinib group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The inhibition rate of PC-9 cells of 2 µmol/L SB203580 + 0.01 µmol/L gefitinib group was (46.6 ± 2.4)%, significantly higher than that induced by 0.01 µmol/L gefitinib (12.7 ± 1.5%) (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a low expression of phosphorylated-p38 protein in A549 cells and high expression in PC-9 cells. Flow cytometry showed that PC-9 cells in the SB203580 + gefitinib group were (77.35 ± 2.83)% at G0/G1 phase, (3.38 ± 0.84)% at S phase, and (19.56 ± 1.99)% at G2/M phase. Western-blotting showed that compared with the control group, the expression of phosphorylated Akt and phospho-p38 proteins in PC-9 cells of the SB203580 + gefitinib group was almost completely suppressed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results indicate that the small molecular inhibitor SB203580 can effectively enhance the inhibitory effect of gefitinib on lung adenocarcinoma PC-9 cells. The enhanced inhibitory effect of SB203580 may be correlated with the blockage of p38MAPK signal transduction pathway.</p>

Semi-mature MyD88-silenced bone marrow dendritic cells prolong the allograft survival in a rat model of intestinal transplantation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Semi-mature dendritic cells (DCs) may induce tolerance rather than immunity. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism by which these DCs induce transplant tolerance. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a key adaptor of Toll-like receptor signaling, which plays a critical role in DC maturation. Activation of MyD88-silenced immature DCs results in the generation of semi-mature DCs. We explored the possibility of using these DCs to induce intestinal transplant tolerance in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MyD88 expression was silenced in bone marrow DCs (F344 rats) using small interfering RNAs for 24 hours, at which point, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added to the culture for another 48 hours. These cells were analyzed for their in vitro and in vivo tolerizing capacities.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Semi-mature DCs expressing moderate levels of MHC class II and low levels of co-stimulatory molecules were found to produce interleukin (IL)-10, while IL-12 production was decreased. In vitro co-culture with completely allogeneic T cells from Wistar rats led to a significant decrease in alloreactive T-cell responses. In vivo, the transfer of semi-mature DCs (1 × 10(6) cells) followed by the transplantation of fully mismatched intestinal grafts (F344 rats) led to significantly prolonged survival compared to rats receiving immature and mature DCs. Serum from semi-mature DC-treated rats contained lower concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2 and interferon-γ 5 days after transplantation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Semi-mature DCs may promote inducible allograft tolerance and this study suggests a new strategy by which to facilitate the induction of transplant tolerance.</p>

Chemical constituents in the mycelia of an acidoduric streptomycetes / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents in the myceiia of an acidoduric streptomycetes. Methods: Multiple chromatographic methods were used to isolate and purify the constituents, and their chemical structures were identified by NMR, IR, and MS. The anti-inflammatory activities of four compounds were observed in rats with C II -A- induced toe swelling experiments. Results: Four compounds were identified: 8-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-di-methoxy phenyl)-2, 3- dimethoxy-1, 6-naphthalenediol (1), 7, 4′-dihydroxy isoflavone (2), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (3), and 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (4). Compound of 2, 3, and 4 could inhibit C II-A-induced toe swelling in rats at 10 mg/(kg • d). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a novel compound, and other compounds have been isolated from the acidoduric Streptosporangium sp. for the first time. Compounds 2,3, and 4 possess anti-inflammatory activities.

The Role of Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptors Type 1 in Rats With Visceral Hypersensitivity Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was designed to investigate the possibility that the enhanced nociceptive responsiveness associated with canabonoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) and identify its role in mediating visceral hypersensitivity induced by chronic restraint stress. METHODS: Rats were exposed to daily partial restraint stress or sham partial restraint stress with intraperitoneal injection of the vehicle, CB1R agonist or antagonist for 4 consecutive days. We tested the visceromotor reflex to colorectal distention at day 0 and 5. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to assess the expression of CB1Rs. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal CB1 agonist (ACEA) injection significantly diminished (p < 0.05) the enhanced visceromotor reflex to colorectal distention at day 5 in stressed rats. Change in electromyogram response after ACEA over baseline, at pressure of 40 mmHg (+13.3 +/- 2.2), 60 mmHg (+15.3 +/- 2.8) and 80 mmHg (+17.0 +/- 4.0) were much lower than in the control animals, which were +35.9 +/- 5.1, +41.1 +/- 6.3 and +54.1 +/- 9.6, respectively. Whereas, CB1 antagonist (SR141716A) had an opposite effect. Compared with control group, the change in electromyogram response after SR141716A over baseline was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) for the distending pressure of 40 mmHg (+56.0 +/- 10.3), 60 mmHg (+74.6 +/- 12.3) and 80 mmHg (+82.9 +/- 11.0), respectively. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting demonstrated the stress-induced up-regulation of colon CB1Rs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest there is a key contribution of peripheral CB1Rs involved in the maintenance of visceral hyperalgesia after repeated restraint stress, providing a novel mechanism for development of peripheral visceral sensitization.

Chemical constituents from the mycelia of Alternaria sp. YD-01 / 药学学报

To study the chemical constituents of the mycelia of the Endophytes YD-01, 2, 3-dihydroxy-quinoline-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-methyl-pyrrol opiperazine-2, 5-dione (2) and naringenin (3) were isolated from its acetone extracts by using silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 is a new compound.

Pathological studies of tissue damage in experimental rabbit liver cancer induced by energy controllable steep pulses / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of energy controllable steep pulses (ECSP) in the treatment of rabbit VX2 cancer implanted in livers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A tumor model was successfully established using 30 rabbits. ECSP were applied to liver cancer in half of these rabbits and the rest were used as controls. After exposure to ECSP, tissues were obtained and subjected by routine HE and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation. The survival time of the animals and the statuses of each group were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From pathological observations, ECSP showed effectively destructive action compared with that of the unexposed group. A clear borderline can be seen between necrotic cancer and its surrounding normal tissue. Irreversible cell changes were present under TEM. The survival periods of the experimental and control group were 83.1 days and 39.0 days respectively, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (Z = -2.943, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ECSP can effectively treat rabbit VX2 cancer implanted in the liver; also it is safe for its surrounding normal tissues. ECSP can be a useful method for local treatment of liver cancer.</p>

The role of synaptic plasticity in a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity induced by acute restraint stress / 中华消化杂志

Objective To explore the role of synaptic plasticity on the formation of visceral hyper- sensitivity induced by acute restraint stress in rats.Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and acute restraint stress group(model group).Visceral hypersensi- tivity was made by acute restraint stress for 1 h.The colorectal distension(CRD) with different pressure were performed and the abdominal electromyography(EMG) was recorded.The visceral sensitivity was determined by the frequency of EMG.The ultrastrueture of synapse was observed with transmission electron microscope.The expression of synaptophysin was measured by RT-PCR and Western-blot. Results①The frequency of EMG was significantly correlated with CRD pressure(control group,r=0.992, P=0.008;model group,r=0.978,P=0.022).The frequencies of EMG in model group(at 40,60 and 80 mm Hg) were significantly more than that in control group(P value=0.043,0.024,0.038,respectively).②There were more synaptic vesicles accumulated in presynaptical terminal.The post synaptic density was increased in model group compared to control group.③In the proximal and distant colon,the expressions of rnRNA and protein of synaptophysin were higher in model group (P