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Aim To explore its potential biological basis and the endogenous metabolic characteristics of urine during the formation of primary dysmenorrhea via untargeted urine metabolomics. Methods Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into control group and model group. The primary dysmenorrhea model was reproduced by estradiol benzoate combined with oxytocin, and the contrrol group took food and water freely. The differential metabolites and core metabolic pathways were found by multivariable pattern recognition method combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve was drawn by metaboanalyst 5.0 platform to evaluate the clinical diagnostic efficacy of core metabolites. Results A total of 46 metabolites with significant differences, such as hippuric acid, phenylacetaldehyde, prostaglandin G2, 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole glucuronide, were screened, mainly involving phenylalanine metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and arachidonic acid metabolism. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of four core biomarkers was greater than 0.7. Conclusions Different metabolic maps are presented in different progressive stages of primary dysmenorrhea, mainly involving the disorders of fatty acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Meanwhile, the extracted characteristic bi¬omarkers have high diagnostic value for the evaluation of primary dysmenorrhea.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of bladder gasification and stasis dispersion combined with antibiotic therapy in the treatment of III A chronic prostatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a randomized controlled clinical study on 120 III A prostatitis patients that all met the diagnostic criteria. We divided the patients into groups A, B and C of equal number to receive oral medication of sparfloxacin, sparfloxacin + tamsulosin, and sparfloxacin + herbal decoction, respectively, all for a course of 4 weeks. We evaluated the primary therapeutic indexes according to the total scores of the patients on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome and NIH-CPSI and the secondary therapeutic indexes based on the count of white blood cells (WBC) in the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the total scores on TCM syndrome and NIH-CPSI were significantly reduced in groups B (42.15 +/- 10.29 and 13.25 +/- 6.04) and C (41.26 +/- 11.25 and 12.38 +/- 7.19) than in A (49.43 +/- 11.09 and 17.62 +/- 5.84) ( P < 0.05), and so was the WBC count in EPS in group C (7.76 +/- 15.73) than in groups A (11.45 +/- 10.33) and B (12.28 +/- 13.81) (P < 0.05). The difference between pre- and post-treatment scores on TCM syndrome was more significant in group C (12.65 +/- 11.76) than in B (8.55 +/- 10.15) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bladder gasification and stasis dispersion combined with antibiotic therapy is effective for the treatment of III A chronic prostatitis, and therefore deserves wide clinical application.</p>