Preventive effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on multiple organ edema in the rats of limb ischemia/reperfusion / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the preventive effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) on multiple organ edema in the rats which suffered from hind limb ischemia/reperfusion( LI/R).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty four Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8): control group (C group), ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group ), Salvia miltiorrhiza group (SM group). Referring to Tourniquet method, the model rats which underwent 4 hours ischemia and 4 hours reperfusion of hind limbs were made. Thirty minutes before reperfusion, SM was given to the rats in SM group by tail vein injection at the dose of 5 mL/kg. Accurately weighed one gram of heart, liver, kidney, lung, brain, intestine and skeletal muscle from every animals, weigh these specimens after baking (60 degrees C, 55 hours), calculated the ratio of wet and dry (Wet/Dry,W/D). The levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) ,interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in plasma and the contents of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured. The morphologic changes of skeletal muscle were observed with microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was found that after suffering from ischemia/reperfusion, the W/D of every specimens increased in different degree (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In plasma, the values of SOD decreased but MDA increased obviously (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The levels of IL-1, IL-6 ,TNF-alpha-a in plasma increased (P < 0.05, P <0.01). After LI/R, infiltration of inflammatory cells, broaden interstitial around muscle fiber and disordered arrangement of muscle fibers could be seen under microscope. However, Compared with LI/R group, W/D and levels of serum inflammatory factors in SM group were all lower, the values of SOD in plasma increased but MDA in plasma failed down. Pathological changes in skeletal muscle were improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Limb ischemia/reperfusion can lead to multiple organ edema, Salvia miltiorrhiza can prevent the edema in some degree by anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation.</p>

Effects of taurine on hemorheology of rats with type 2 diabetes / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of taurine on hemorheology and oxidative stress of diabetic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>40 rats were divided into control group, diabetes group and treatment group at random. Diabetic model was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After having been treated with taurine for 8 weeks, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the serum contents of glucose, superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The changes of hemorheology in different groups were detected respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with control group, the content of glucose, MDA and HbA1c in diabetic rats was increased, the activity of SOD was decreased, the levels of whole blood viscosity and the aggregation index of red blood cells and hematocrit were increased and RBC deformability index was decreased in diabetic rats. Moreover, taurine was able to apparently reduce high blood glucose and HbA1c (P < 0.05), markedly elevated the activity of SOD, lowered the content of MDA (P < 0.01); and taurine also could significantly reduce the levels of whole blood viscosity and the aggregation index of red blood cells and hematocrit in the meanwhile, and increase RBC deformability index (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Taurine could enhance the ability of oxidation resistance, improve blood rheology property in diabetic rats, at the same time it could be beneficial to prevent and cure the development of diabetic blood vessel complication.</p>

Effects of taurine on TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB expression of liver injury after limbs ischemia/reperfusion in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effect of pretreatment with taurine on liver injury changes and the change of tumor necrosis factor alpha and NFkappaB expression following rats limbs ischemia/reperfusion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The model of limbs ischemia/reperfusion injury on rats was adopted in the experiment. Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups (n = 10): Control group, T group, I/R group and TR group. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and MDA in the plasma, MDA, MPO, calcium in liver tissues were measured by colorimetric method. The content of TNF-alpha in plasma and liver tissues was determined by radioimmunoassay. The morphologic changes were observed with HE staining. The expressions of NF-kappaBp65 in liver tissues were tested by immuno-histochemistry method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was found that against the control group, the test values of ALT, AST, et al. and expressions of TNF-alpha, NF-kappaB increased in I/R group and TR group, but values of those in TR group were lower than in I/R group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Taurine can decrease the levels of TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB. It can mitigate the liver injury after limb ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.</p>

Experimental research of prevention and therapy effect of anisodamine on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study preventive and therapeutic effect of anisodamine on acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) induced by oleic acid and their mechanism of action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Model of ARDS was made in rabbits by oleic acid (OA). The effect of anisodamine on the malondialdehyde (MDA), fibronectin (FN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in plasma, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocyte and MDA, SOD and pulmonary surfactant (PS) in lung tissues homogenate and pathological examination of lung were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The administration of anisodamine before and after 30 minutes of injection OA decreased MDA, LDH and ACP, prevented the reduction of SOD, FN and PS. Compared with ARDS group, there was marked difference between the two, and alleviated lung injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anisodamine possesses preventive and therapeutic effects on ARDS by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and stabilizing membranes.</p>

Effects of PKC activation on apoptosis during ischemia/reperfusion in L-6TG rat skeletal myoblasts / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effects of PKC activation on apoptosis during ischemia/reperfusion in L-6TG rat skeletal myoblasts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured L-6TG cells were divided into 3 groups: control group (C), ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R), PMA + ischemia/ reperfusion group (PMA), SOD, XOD and free calcium and mitochondrial respiration in L-6TG cell were evaluated in each group. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometer with PI staining method and agarose gel electrophoresis, the immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of caspase-3.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with I/R group, in PMA group, XOD , free calcium in L-6TG cell and apoptotic percentage all decreased significantly, while SOD and mitochondrial respiration in L-6TG cell increased. DNA fragmentation analysis of L-6TG cell showed no laddering pattern. The expression of caspase-3 was down regulated significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Activation of PKC can lessen ischemia/reperfusion injury and apoptosis through lessening oxidative injury and mitochondrial injury, adjusting calcium dyshomeostasis and down expression of caspase-3.</p>