Comparative study of domestic and foreign course contents of oral biology and its teaching inspirations / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Here we introduced the teaching objectives, course contents and examination methods of oral biology in North America, Europe, Australia, Japan, Korea and other countries, compared the differences of oral biology courses among these schools, domestic and abroad, and we further analyzed the deep backgrounds or reasons of these differences. In brief, the oral biology education abroad is mainly for the graduate students, and the teaching target is improving the research ability of the students, in addition, the course contents varies a lot from school to school. Whereas in China, the teaching objects include both undergraduates and graduate students, the course aims to popularize the basic scientific knowledge of oral biology, and the course contents mostly depends on the uniform text books. The deep reasons of course differences might be related to different education systems and teaching targets. Our data will be helpful for the further improvement and future development of our domestic oral biology education.

Investigation and Analysis of the Cognition of Pharmacists to Internet Pharmaceutical Serive in 9 Third Grade Class A Hospitals of Guangdong Province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the better development of intemet pharmaceutical service of hospital pharmacists.METHODS:The questionnaire investigation was carried out on the cognition of pharmacists to intemet pharmaceutical service in 9 third grade class A hospitals.The survey data were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed and 527 questionnaires were collected with recovery rate of 87.8％.Among them,there were 499 valid questionnaires with effective rate of 94.7％.The most selected internet pharmaceutical service contents were medication consultation (94.4％) and medication education (91.6％).93.0％ considered that intemet pharmaceutical service were worthy or very worthy of promotion.The most concerned issues about intemet pharmaceutical service were technical problems (58.5％) and legal liability (55.9％).57.1％ of the surveyed pharmacists considered that they were totally or possibly capable of performing interact pharmaceutical care;37.9％ didn' t get in touch with intemet pharmaceutical care and were not clear about it.The most important qualifications of pharmacists who provided intemet pharmaceutical service were rank of pharmacist's title (67.9％) and working experience (67.7％).It was considered that the most effective measures to ensure the quality of intemet pharmaceutical care were regular pharmaceutical service training (74.3％) and proportionally sampling the quality of pharmaceutical service consultation (67.5％).CONCLUSIONS:Internet pharmaceutical service may become a new direction of the development of pharmaceutical service under new medical reform.The development of intemet pharmaceutical service requires perfect laws and regulations,and pharmacist team with high professional level.

Exploration of Pharmaceutical Service Fee Implementation and Online Pharmaceutical Service Prospect Based on a Questionnaire Survey / 中国药师

Objective: To investigate the public opinion on pharmaceutical service and explore the implementation of pharmaceutical service fee and the prospect of online pharmaceutical service in our country.Methods: Questionnaires which related to pharmaceutical service fee and online pharmaceutical service were distributed to patients and their relatives or friends, and then recycled.The data including the recycling of questionnaires, information of respondents and answers to the questions were statistically analyzed.Results: Totally 63.8% respondents considered pharmaceutical service fee was reasonable and the fee should be borne by the government finance and health care insurance.Totally 85.5% respondents thought launching online pharmaceutical service was necessary, which included online retails of medicine, consultation, medication guidance, decoction of Chinese traditional medicines, medicine delivery and so on, especially pharmacy consultation.Conclusion: Outpatients have high demands of pharmaceutical service and most of them accept online pharmaceutical service with different understandings.Pharmaceutical service fee is an inevitable trend in the development of pharmaceutical industry.More publicity and guidance should be given to improve people's acceptance of pharmaceutical service and relevant cost.Relevant departments should take full advantages of Internet and provide diversified pharmaceutical service.

The role of resting metabolic rate in evaluation of Kidney Yin or Kidney Yang deficiency animal model induced by glucocorticoids / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To observe the role of resting metabolic rate (RMR) in evaluation of animal model of glucocorticoid-induced Kidney Yin deficiency and Kidney Yang deficiency syndrome.Methods Male BALB/c mice were divided into control group,model group,Jinkuishenqi pill group,and Zhibaidihuang pill group.The later 3 groups were given drinking water containing corticosterone (first dissolved in 1% ethanol,with a final concentration of corticosterone 100 μg/mL).The control group was given drinking water containing 1% ethanol.RMR was measured by closed fluid pressure respirometer.At the end of the experiment,the mice were sacrificed to detect the weight index of perirenal fat,epididymal fat,quadriceps,and tibialis anterior muscle.ELISA assay was used to detect the level of serum hormones.Histological changes of the liver and kidney were examined by HE staining.Malondialdehyde (MDA) content,succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity,cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and ATP level were measured.Results Compared with the control group,the RMR of model group was significantly increased at the 2nd day of beginning of the experiment,reached the highest on the 4th day (P<0.01),then decreased gradually,and to the 66th day,the RMR was significantly reduced (P<0.05).Use of corticosterone resulted in decrease of the serum levels of thyroxine (T4),muscle mass index,SDH activity,COX activity and ATP level,while increase of fat mass index and MDA level.The two Kidney nourishing prescriptions reduced animal mortality,and reduced the content of MDA in liver tissue.But only Jinkuishenqi pill increased the RMR at the 4th and 66th days (P<0.05),and significantly improved the liver SDH activity,COX activity and ATP level (P<0.01).The Zhibaidihuang pill showed no such effects.Conclusions RMR can be used for evaluation of animal model of Kidney Yin or Kidney Yang deficiency induced by glucocorticoids.

Combined Treatment of Stem Cells and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Ischemic Brain Injury / 国际脑血管病杂志

Recent animal experiments demonstrated that neurogenesis mad angiogenesis involxed in mechanisms of stroke recovery.Transplanted stem cells can improve the neurological function after stroke.Vascular endothelial growth factor can also improve the neurological function after stroke via enhenceing angiogenesis.This article reviews the advances in combined treatment of stem cells and vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemic brain injury.

Swimming training facilitate the improvement of microcirculations in cochlea after chronic hypoxia with ligustrazine in guinea pigs / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the effect of the swimming training on the microcirculations in cochlea in guinea pigs after chronic hypoxia.Methods28 guinea pigs were divided into normal control group (group A) which were outside of cabin and chronic hypoxia model group (group B) randomly. 4 weeks after, the model group were divided into the model control group (group B1), medical treatment group (group B2) and swimming training with medical treatment group (group B3). The blood flow of the cochlea (CBF) were measured using laser Doppler flow. The spiral ligament spreaded-slice optical lens was used to observe the vascular veins, capillary appearance and red blood cells (RBC) counts.Resultsthe CBF of group A was(98.075±5.08)% ,while that of group B1 was(86.80±2.12)%(P<0.01 vs group A), that of group B2 was (89.14±4.12)%(P<0.05 vs group B1), that of group B3 was (91.18±5.02)%(P>0.05 vs group B2, but P<0.01 vs group B1).ConclusionSwimming training can facilitate the improvement of the swelling on the thin blood vessel and the microcirculation in cochlea under chronic hypoxia environment with ligustrazine in guinea pigs.

A hydrostatic compression device capable of generating both intermittent compressive forces and continuous compressive forces / 生物医学工程学杂志

A hydrostatic compression device has been designed to study the effects of intermittent or continuous compressive forces on cells by trying to mimic in vivo forces. The model system is composed of two pistons that deliver and release compressed air under control of a motor to form an enclosed tissue culture chamber housing numerous tissues culture dishes. The continuous compressive forces and intermittent compressive forces are within 100-300 KPa and 0-30 KPa respectively. The compressive force is uniform in the system and can also result in the generation of shear forces along the interface between the cells and culture substratum, so the hydrostatic compression device can be used to study the characteristics of in vitro cells loading models.

Induction mechanism and research progress of CYP2C9 / 中国药理学通报

CYP2C9 is an important enzyme of drug metabolism expressed in liver, It can metabolize several clinically important drugs, some with a low therapeutic index. This review summarizes the CYP2C9 gene structure, induction mechanism, known polymorphism and functional significances and their population frequencies.

A study on the morphological characters of immortalized mandibular condylar chondrocyte / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to compare the morphological character between immortalized mandibular condylar chondrocyte (IMCC) and primarily cultured mandibular condylar chondrocyte (MCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The phase contrast microscope, photomicroscope and transmission electron microscope were used to observe the morphological character of IMCC and MCC. The highresolution pathological image and word report system-1000 (HPIAS-1000) was used to compare the size of IMCC and MCC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The phase contrast micrography showed that MCCs in primary culture underwent distinct morphological changes with respect to shape, size, and density of the cells. The majority of MCCs were in polygonal shape earlier in culture, while more fusi-form and spindle-shaped cells were found after 4-5 passages. While IMCCs were polygonal-shaped, similar to MCCs. Subculture, freezing and recovering had no effect on cellular shape of IMCC. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that MCC had chondrocyte-like phenotype, while IMCC looked like prechondroblast or immature chondrocyte. Some of IMCCs had irregular nucleus, and the proportion of nucleus/cytoplasm changed. By analysis of HPIAS-1000, the diameter and area of IMCC were obvious smaller than those of MCC (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IMCC retain the main morphological character of MCC, and also keep a stable phenotype, which belong to immature chondrocytes, similar to cells in the proliferative zone.</p>

Microencapsulation of immortalized mandibular condylar chondrocytes / 生物医学工程学杂志

To explore the possibility of microencapsulation of chondrocytes in cartilage tissue engineering, immortalized manibular condylar chondrocytes (IMCCs) were microencapsuled by Alginate-polylysine-alginate (APA) method, according to air pressure shearing model. Phase contrast microscopy, trypan blue staining exclusion, cell number counting, HE staining and immunohistochemistry method were used to observe the morphology of the microencapsules, the growth character of cells, cartilage characteristics, and so on. The results showed that IMCC could survive and grow in microencapsule, and the viability rate of cells is more than 80 per cent. The diameter of microcapsule is 779 microns in average. The number of cell increased with time, and cells went into platform in about 20 days. Cells grew in clusters and cartilage specific proteoglycans and type II collagen were highly expressed. It was concluded that IMCC could form cartilage-like tissue within microencapsulation, implying that microencapsule technique might be applicable to cartilage tissue engineering.

Genetic syndromes with abnormal enamel and dentin / 实用口腔医学杂志

Genetic researches have been paid more attention in dentistry area recent years;however,researches mainly focus on the tooth specific genetic diseases.In this review,we review the detailed genetic syndromes which are related with abnormal enamel and dentin.We wish this review will be helpful to those who are interested in oral genetic research.

Establishment of an immortalized chondrocyte cell line with chondrocyte phenotype derived from rabbit mandibular condyle / 实用口腔医学杂志

砄bjective: To establish an immortalized chondrocyte cell line derived from rabbit mandibular condyle without loss of chondrocyte phenotype. Methods: SV 40 large T antigen gene was conducted into primarily cultured mandibualr condylar chondrocytes (MCCs) of 1-2 week old New Zealand rabbits using an recombinant retroviral vector's transfecting method. After cultured in selective medium containing 400 ?g/ml G418 for 3 weeks, colonies were isolated and expanded for further study. Slot blot analysis was used to detect the transcript of type I and type II collagen of the transgenic cells. Results: One of the positive clones had been maintained for 100 passages for nearly one and half year, without any sign of senescence, and termed immortalized mandibular condylar chondrocyte (IMCC). Transcripts of pro ?1 ( I ) and ?1 ( II ) collagen was observed in IMCCs and MCCs by RNA blot. Conclusion: IMCC is an immortalized chondrocyte cell line derived from rabbit mandibular condyle and might be a good model for studying the biological character of MCC.

The phenotype characteristic of mandibular condylar chondrocytes in vitro / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To study the phenotype characteristic of mandibular condylar chondrocytes (MCCs) in vitro. Methods: MCCs of two-week-old New Zealand rabbits were isolated with enzyme digestion and cultured in DMEM. Phase contrast microscopy, image analysis system, MTT assay and immunocytochemistry method were used to compare MCCs of different passages in cellular shape and size, growth curve and expression of type I and type II collagen. Results: The majority of MCCs in earlier passages (1～3 passage) were polygonal, while more fusiform and spindle-shaped cells were found after 5～6 passages. MCCs in earlier passages were smaller than those in sixth passages. The proliferation rate of MCCs decreased with passaging. There were more type II collagen positive cells in 1 ～ 3 passages, while more type I collagen positive cells in 7th passage. Conclusion: The changing characters of MCCs in vitro such as cellular shape and size and expression of type I and II collagen are similar to those of MCCs in vivo from proliferating zone to hypertrophic zone. MCCs in later passages may be with dedifferentiation.

Application of microcapsule technique in anti-tumor drug sensitivity test / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To establish an anti-tumor drug sensitivity test by micocapsulated tumor cells in vivo and in vitro.Methods: Alginate-polylysine-alginate(APA) microcapsule technique was used to encapsulate tongue cancer Tca8113 cells. MTT method was used to detect the cytotoxic effect of methotrexate(MTX)and fluorouracil (FU) on encapsulated cells, then IC 50 was calculated. Encapsulated cells were also seeded into the abdominal cavities of adult Kunming mice and FU was injected through tail vein. After two weeks, microcapsules were recollected and histological examination was performed . Results: Encapsulated tumor cells derived from tongue could survive and proliferate in clusters. MTX and FU inhibited the cell growth in a dose-dependant way. IC 50 of MTX and FU was 200 ?mol/L and 0.85 mg/ml respectively. Necrosis of the cells in microcapsules and fibrotic encapsulation of microcapsules were observed in the in vivo tests. There was no significant difference between treatment group and control group. Conclusion: Microcapsulted tumor cells may be used in the anti-tumor drugs sensitive experiment in vitro.

Inhibitory effects of homoharringtonine and/or methoxsalen on highly metastatic human mucoepidermoid carcinoma Mc3 cells / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objctive: To study the inhibitory effects of homoharringtonine(HHT) or methoxsalen (8-MOP) or in combinnation on humen highly metastatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma Mc3 cells. Methods: Mc3 cells were exposed to the drugs or their combination at various concentrations. The inhibitory effects were tested with MTT assay. Results: The IC 50 values of HHT and 8-MOP were 79.43 ng/ml and 5 980 ng/ml respectively, HHT at the doses of 1-320 ng/ml combined with 8-MOP at 800, 4 000 and 20 000 ng/ml the CI 50 values were 0.76?0.33 and 0.15 respectively.Conclution: The data indicate that combination of HHT with 8-MOP is synergic in the inhibition of Mc3 cell growth.

On Grass Creates of our Army Medical Morals In The Land Revolution War / 中国医学伦理学

Our army medical morals was engendered and developed along with our army medical treatment work.This text is tight and tight hold the "a thought","twice important history affairs","two standard points"and "a slogan",tally up developments experience of the Land Revolution,expatiated process and the basically composition of the mode.

On The Action and Position of Human Social Science in High-Medical Education / 中国医学伦理学

The revolution of moderm medical model promoted the infiltration and insection on Medical Science,Human social science and related subjects.Human social science is the guiding and ensuring on the mode of Biology-Psychology-Society-Environment built.It is the needs of times and inesorable trend of the development on medical science to promote the education of human social science and improve the synthetical quality of medical students.

Ethical Probing For Genome Revolution / 中国医学伦理学

In the past 11 years ,the human genome research has made a great progress.This will bring about another revolution in the life sciences development and challenges of a series of social ethical principles.So it is necessary to abide by the basic point of social ethical principles and build up developmental system between human genome science and social ethical principles.It is favourable to coordinate their relations and bring about the healthful development of human genome science and bring benefits to mankind.