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OBJECTIVE To explore the role of clinical pharmacists participating in the standardized perioperative nutritional management process for pancreaticoduodenectomy （PD） on improving postoperative recovery in patients. METHODS The clinical data of 100 patients undergoing PD in the Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery， Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine from November 2019 to February 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the different perioperative nutrition management plans， they were divided into clinical pharmacist intervention group （n＝51， clinical pharmacists intervened according to the standardized nutrition management process） and control group （n＝49， clinical pharmacists only performed preoperative nutrition evaluation， and clinical physicians took nutrition support according to the patient’s condition）. The differences in postoperative recovery index， economic evaluation index， hospitalization length， postoperative complications， and postoperative enteral nutrition support route were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS The time of postoperative diet， the first postoperative ventilation， the first postoperative defecation， and postoperative drainage time of abdominal drain were significantly earlier in the clinical pharmacist intervention group than in the control group （P＜0.05）； the hospitalization cost， medication cost， nutritional support cost， parenteral nutrition cost， albumin preparation cost， and the length of postoperative hospitalization were significantly lower/shorter in the clinical pharmacist intervention group than in the control group （P＜0.05）； there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups （P＞0.05）； there was statistically significant difference in the perioperative enteral nutrition support pathways between two groups （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Clinical pharmacists’ participation in perioperative nutritional management for PD can significantly reduce hospitalization costs and nutritional support costs， improve patients’ perioperative nutritional status， and shorten hospital stays. wanglina668@163.com
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Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of the medical insurance balance of hospitalization expenses for gastric cancer surgery patients under DRG payment, for reference for promoting the reform of DRG payment in public hospitals and controlling hospitalization expenses reasonably.Methods:The gastric cancer patients enrolled in the gastroenterology department of a tertiary comprehensive hospital from January to July 2022 were selected as the research subjects. The indicators such as patient age, medical insurance balance, hospitalization expenses and their composition were extracted from the hospital information management system and the medical insurance settlement system a certain city. Descriptive analysis was conducted for all data, and stepwise multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of patients′ medical insurance balance. Monte Carlo simulation method was used to simulate different combination scenarios of various influencing factors to analyze the probability of medical insurance balance.Results:A total of 205 patients were contained, including 117 in the medical insurance balance group and 88 in the loss group. The difference in hospitalization expenses and medical insurance balance between the two groups of patients were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The intervention of medical insurance specialists, correct DRG enrollment, parenteral nutrition preparation costs, anti infective drug costs, examination costs, and consumables costs were the influencing factors of patient medical insurance balance ( P<0.05). Through Monte Carlo simulation verification, patients with different cost parenteral nutrition preparations, or different anti infective drug schemes had the higher probability of medical insurance balance in the scenario where the medical insurance commissioner intervenes and the DRG enrollment was correct. Conclusions:The hospital adopted interventions from medical insurance specialists to ensure the correct DRG enrollment of patients, accurate use of parenteral nutrition and anti infective drugs, and reasonable control the cost of examinations and consumables, which could increase the probability of medical insurance balance for gastric cancer surgery patients. In the future, hospitals should further promote the procurement of drug consumables in bulk, reduce unnecessary examinations, develop standardized perioperative nutritional interventions and anti infection treatment pathways, ensure the accuracy of DRG enrollment, optimize clinical diagnosis and treatment pathways to improve the efficiency of medical insurance fund utilization and provide high-quality medical services for patients.
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Objective:To analyze the worldwide development status and frontier hotspots in the field of critical care nutrition in recent 10 years, and to inform domestic future research direction.Methods:Publications on critical care nutrition researches between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2021 were retrieved from Web of Science core database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used for visual analysis.Results:After screening, a total of 2,467 articles were included, with an overall increasing trend in the number of publications. A total of 11,301 authors devoted to critical care nutrition researches, among whom Daren K. Heyland (81) published the most globally and Academician Jieshou Li (9) published the most in China. The United States (812), China (221) and Canada (206) were the top 3 countries concerning numbers of publications in this field. The main research institutions were Harvard University, Queen's University and University of Leuven while Nanjing University ranked the highest domestically. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Nutrition in Clinical Practice and Clinical Nutrition were the three most active journals in this field. Cluster analysis of keywords identified 11 representative cluster labels. Global focuses in critical care nutrition were influence of malnutrition, nutritional treatment pattern and energy and protein supplementation. Special interests were in the nutrition therapy in newborns, obese population and sepsis patients as well as intestinal microbial flora and coronavirus disease 2019.Conclusions:Critical care nutrition research is still under rapid development. Close collaboration between domestic core research circles and institutions should be emphasized while promoting international interactions. Researches on key issues such as energy and protein supplementation should be encouraged, so as to provide stronger evidence for better diagnosis and treatment standards in critical care nutrition.
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Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for pancreatic endocrine and exocrine insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 168 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from January 2016 to December 2017 were collected. There were 96 males and 72 females, aged (64±13)years, with a range from 38 to 75 years. Of the 168 patients, 36 had pancreatic endocrine insufficiency while 8 had pancreatic exocrine insufficiency preoperatively. All patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Observation indications: (1) surgical situations and follow-up; (2) analysis of influencing factors for pancreatic endocrine insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy; (3) analysis of influencing factors for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Follow-up using out-patient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative condition of blood glucose control, diet and nutrition, tumor recurrence and metastasis up to June 2018. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the independent sample t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Univariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic regression model. Results:(1) Surgical situations and follow-up: all the 168 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy successfully and recovered well after operation. All patients were followed up for 6 months. The level of fasting and postprandial blood glucose of the 168 patients after surgery were 7 mmol/L(range, 5-9 mmol/L) and 10 mmol/L(range, 7-14 mmol/L), respectively. The defecation frequency was (2.4±1.2)times per day. No tumor recurrence or metastasis occurred in either patient. One hundred and thirty-two of the 168 patients were included in the study excepting patients with pancreatic endocrine insufficiency before operation. At postoperative 6 months, 47 patients developed pancreatic endocrine insufficiency, with an incidence of 35.61%(47/132). One hundred and sixty of the 168 patients were included in the study excepting patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency before operation. At postoperative 6 months, 68 patients had pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, with an incidence rate of 42.50%(68/160). (2) Analysis of influencing factors for pancreatic endocrine insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Results of univariate analysis showed that gender, metabolic syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, excision point, and postoperative chemotherapy were the related factors for pancreatic endocrine insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy ( χ2=5.300, 6.270, 4.473, 4.392, 5.397, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis revealed that male and metabolic syndrome were independent risk factors for pancreatic endocrine insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy [ hazard ratio ( HR)=5.252, 5.364, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.362-6.382, 1.891-12.592, P<0.05)]. (3) Analysis of risk factors for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Results of univariate analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), chronic pancreatitis, total bilirubin, excision point, postoperative pancreatic fistula as grade B or C, and pancreatic fibrosis were related factors for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy ( χ2=1.691, 4.910, 7.763, 5.605, 4.663, 7.700, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that BMI<18.5 kg/m 2, chronic pancreatitis, total bilirubin ≥171 μmol/L were independent risk factors for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy ( HR=3.695, 5.231, 7.623, 95% CI: 1.232-7.324, 2.161-6.893, 1.562-5.235, P<0.05). Conclusions:Male and metabolic syndrome are risk factors for pancreatic endocrine insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy. BMI<18.5 kg/m 2, chronic pancreatitis, and total bilirubin ≥171 μmol/L are risk factors for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
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Objective To investigate the use of parenteral nutrition preparations in Jiangsu Province,and to provide reference for the standardized management of parenteral nutrition preparations.Methods 720 cases using parenteral nutrition preparations from January 2017 to June 2017 in the department of general surgery of 12 hospitals in Jiangsu province were selected.The rate of nutritional risk screening,the indications of parenteral nutrition,the way of infusion,the rationality and economy of the prescriptions were retrospectively evaluated.The calorie,amino acid content,non-protein calorie/nitrogen ratio,glycolipid ratio and cation concentration of the patients received total parenteral nutrition were calculated.Results The total costs of parenteral nutrition preparations of 720 cases were 1.614 1 millions,and 346 cases did not have the indications for parenteral nutrition.The results of prescription comment showed that only 16 patients were screened for nutritional risk by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 tool at admission.544 cases were intravenous dripped with amino acid and fat emulsion from peripheral vein.In the 176 total parenteral nutrition prescriptions,there were 39 non-protein calorie/nitrogen ratio cases,15 glycolipid ratio cases,69 cation concentration cases,61 calorie cases and 32 amino acid content cases failing to comply with the recommendation of the guidelines.Only 31 total parenteral nutrition prescriptions were completely reasonable.Conclusion The costs of parenteral nutrition preparations used in hospitals of Jiangsu are high but the rate of rationality is low.Nutrition support team should be established to regulate the use of parenteral nutrition preparations and save medical resources.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical effect of bile reinfusion combined with enteral nutrition support before surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgical treatment at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery Department from July 2010 to August 2017 was completed.A total of 52 cases were finally enrolled in our study.All the patients included, on the basis of whether they received preoperative drainage and bile reinfusion, were divided into non-drainage group(n=15) and drainage group(n=37). Differences of clinical indicators, including operation time, intraoperative bleeding and serum liver function index levels at day 1, 3, 7 postoperative, postoperative complications(liver failure, biliary fistula, pleural effusion, peritoneal effusion, abdominal cavity infection, death in hospital), tumor classification, R0 resection, postoperative hospitalization time between the 2 groups were analyzed. At the same time, in the drainage group, patients were divided into non-enteral nutrition subgroup(n=13) and enteral nutrition subgroup(n=24) according to whether they received enteral nutrition before operation. The normal distribution data of the group was statistically analyzed by independent sample t test, the non-normal distribution data of the group was statistically analyzed by rank-sum test. The count data was statistically analyzed by non-calibration and correction of the square test.@*Results@#There was no statistically significant difference in general infomation such as age, gender, and serum liver function between non-drainage group and drainage group(P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in general information such as age, gender, and serum liver function between non-enteral nutrition group and enteral nutrition group(P>0.05). The rate of vascular resection and reconstruction(33.3%) and operating time(10.8(2.2)h) in drainage group were both higher than those in non-drainage group(6.7% and 8.3(3.0)h), the differences were both statistically significant(χ2=4.397, Z=1.595; both P<0.05). The level of AST at the 7th day after surgery in drainage group(32.8(17.3)U/L) was significantly lower than that in non-drainage group(55.0(64.7)U/L), the difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.212, P<0.05). The level of TBil at 1st day after surgery in drainage group(43.6(91.2)μmol/L) was lower than that in non-drainage group(91.2(188.4)μmol/L), the difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.150, P<0.05). The rate of pancreatoduodenectomy(25.0%) and average operating time(11.1(1.3)h) in the enteral nutrition group were both higher than those in the non-enteral nutrition group(0, 9.0(2.6)h). The differences were both statistically significant(χ2=3.879, Z=-2.693; P<0.05). The average level of AST at the 1st day after surgery in enteral nutrition group(396.4(268.3)U/L) was significantly lower than that in non-enteral nutrition group(642.5(341.1)U/L), the difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.483, P<0.05). The average level of TBil at the 1st, 3th day after surgery in enteral nutrition group(38.8(21.5)μmol/L and 30.0(25.6)μmol/L) were both lower than those in non-enteral nutrition group(60.9(75.2)μmol/L and 46.5(50.0)μmol/L), the differences were both statistically significant(Z=-2.416, -2.026; P<0.05). The level of CRP at 1st, 3th day after surgery((41.9±31.1)mg/L, (50.8±31.4)mg/L)in enteral nutrition subgroup was lower than that in non-enteral nutrition subgroup((64.4±33.6)mg/L, (74.1±35.3)mg/L), the differences were both statistically significant(t=1.456, 1.675; P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Based on the present study , there is no effective improvement on postoperative recovery using bile reinfusion combined with nutrition support before R0 resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
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Objective To investigate how the clinical pharmacists participate in the regime design and adjustment in the treatment of infectious disease and to show how clinical pharmacists to team with physicians for patient′s infection control by contributing their special knowledge .Method From August 2012 to April 2014 ,141 patients were consulted by the clinical pharmacists for the infectious diseases .The patient′s basic information ,ward distribution ,consultation purpose ,etiology of infections and adoption of the suggestions were analyzed .Results Among 141 consulted cases ,most patients belonged to the urology ,hepatobiliary surgery and neurosurgery department (accounted for 26 .95% ,21 .99% and 17 .73% respectively) .The top three consultation subjects are the use of ‘special use class’ antimicrobials ,regime adjustment and medication choice (ac-counted for 85 .82% ,74 .62% and 59 .57% ) .133 suggestions from clinical pharmacists were accepted ,1 was partially adopted and 7 were rejected (accounted for 94 .33% ,0 .71% and 4 .96% ) .Conclusion The clinical pharmacists play important roles in the treatment of infectious disease by providing the consultations to clinicians .With their special knowledge ,clinical pharma-cists can make a good contribution to ensure the safe and effective drug therapies .
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Background and purpose:Liquid biopsy is a kind of blood, urine and other non-solid biologi-cal tissue sampling analysis, mainly for malignant tumor diagnosis, monitoring and predicting its prognosis. In this research, we optimized the extraction of miRNA in urine, established a standardized means of liquid biopsy, screened and verified the miRNA markers in patients with bladder cancer.Methods:From Jan. 2014 to Sept. 2015, we used miRNA microarray in six patients with bladder cancer and six healthy controls. Samples of 78 cases of bladder cancer and 23 healthy controls were tested by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) to verify the relationship between miRNA markers in liquid biopsy and clinical pathological parameters. The diagnostic value of miRNA markers was also analyzed and compared.Results:We screened 10 miRNAs differential expression in urine. Combined with previous literature, we selected 20 miRNAs to verify their expression levels in bladder cancers and healthy controls. miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio in the urine was found higher in patients with bladder cancer than in healthy controls (P<0.0001). With the rise of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio in urine, tumor stage and grade were also increased (P=0.003). When the cutoff was set at 0.41, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio were 73.1% and 82.6%, respectively. The AUC of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio to detect bladder cancer was 0.864, higher than that of urinary exfoliated cells (P=0.0002).Conclusion:We optimized the extraction of miRNAs in urine,established a standardized liquid biopsy of miRNA markers. The miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio could be an ideal diagnos-tic marker for bladder cancer.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different diuretic regimens on related indicatora in hepatocellular carcino-ma patients after hepatic resection. METHODS:A total of 60 hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing hepatic resection were randomly divided into study group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). After surgery,study group was given Spironolactone tablet 100 mg+Furosemide tablet 40 mg,qd,after breakfast;Control group was given Spironolactone tablet 100 mg orally,bid,af-ter breakfast and at 16:00+Furosemide tablet 20 mg,qd,after breakfast. Electrolyte,liver and renal function of 2 groups were re-checked every 3 days;diuretic regimen was adjusted according to body weight and volume of liquid intake and output. The effec-tiveness indexes of diuretic treatment were observed in 2 groups,such as the decrease of body weight,case number of effective di-uretic treatment,frequency of intravenous dieresis,frequency of hydroxyethl starch use,frequency of night arination,postoperative hospitalization stay,the time of ascites extinction;serum sodium,serum potassium,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,serum al-bumin,ALT,AST,GGT,the occurrence of ADR were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS:The nocturnal micturition frequency of study group was significantly lower than that of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the decrease of body weight,response rate of diuretic treatment,frequency of intravenous dieresis,frequen-cy of hydroxyethyl starch use,postoperative hospitalization stay or the time of ascites extinction between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the levels of serum sodium and serum albumin in 2 groups were decreased significantly,compared to before treatment;the levels of blood urea nitrogen,serum potassium and ALT,AST,GGT in 2 groups were significantly higher than before treat-ment,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the levels of serum sodium,serum potassium, blood urea nitrogen,serum albumin or ALT,AST,GGT between 2 groups(P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both two diuretic regimens can effectively avoid the occurrence of postoperative ascites formation and related complication in patients hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection. The drug regi-mens of spironolactore 100 mg,qd+furosemide 40 mg,qd after breakfast can significantly reduce nocturnal micturition frequency and improve medication compliance.
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Objective To investigate the clinical value of preoperative nutritional support (PNS) therapy in the hepatectomy of patients with nutritional risk.Methods The prospective study was conducted.The clinical data of 133 patients with nutritional risk who were admitted to the Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School from August 2012 to June 2016 were collected.All the patients undergoing PNS and traditional therapy were divided into the PNS group and the control group by random number table method,respectively.Observation indicators:(1) comparisons of laboratory indexes between groups;(2) comparisons of postoperative situations between groups;(3) comparisons of postoperative complications between groups.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as-x±s.Comparisons between groups were evaluated with the independent-sample t test.Comparisons of count data were analyzed using the chi-square test,and repeated measures data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA.Results All the 133 patients were screened for eligibility,including 68 in the PNS group and 65 in the control group.(1) Comparisons of laboratory indexes between groups:alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),total bilirubin (TBil),cholinesterase,albumin (Alb),prealbumin,transferrin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the PNS group were respectively (36± 13) U/L,(29± 10) U/L,(18.5±2.4) mmol/L,(5 738± 1 824) U/L,(37.4±5.1) g/L,(155±48) mg/L,(2.2±0.5)g/L,(10±4) g/L at admission and (33 ± 9) U/L,(27 ± 8) U/L,(17.9± 1.8) mmol/L,(5 796± 2 016) U/L,(38.5 ± 4.7) g/L,(181 ± 40) mg/L,(2.4± 0.5) g/L,(8± 4) g/L before operation and (285±100)U/L,(218±93)U/L,(33.5±6.3)mmol/L,(4 847±1 044)U/L,(32.6±3.8)g/L,(105±34)mg/L,(1.3±0.4) g/L,(55±28) g/L at 1 day postoperatively and (149±84) U/L,(76±42) U/L,(22.7±4.9) mmol/L,(3 866±893) U/L,(34.2±2.4) g/L,(125±30) mg/L,(1.6±0.4) g/L,(51±34) g/L at 3 days postoperatively and (64±33) U/L,(44±18) U/L,(19.4±2.8) mmol/L,(4 257± 1 032) U/L,(37.0±2.1) g/L,(148±42) mg/L,(1.9±0.4)g/L,(16±11)g/L at 7 days postoperatively;ALT,AST,TBil,cholinesterase,Alb,prealbumin,transferrin and CRP in the control group were respectively (36± 15)U/L,(31± 12)U/L,(18.3±2.9)mmol/L,(5 762±1 693)U/L,(37.3±6.1)g/L,(162±51)mg/L,(2.3±0.5)g/L,(10±4)g/L at admission and (36±11)U/L,(30±11)U/L,(18.2±2.8)mmol/L,(5 789±1 673)U/L,(37.8±7.1)g/L,(166±57) mg/L,(2.3±0.6) g/L,(9±5) g/L before operation and (305±127) U/L,(246± 104) U/L,(34.2±7.8) mmol/L,(4 842±1 173)U/L,(32.0±4.1) g/L,(83±32) mg/L,(1.2±0.4) g/L,(61 ±31) g/L at 1 day postoperatively and (163±104)U/L,(82±62)U/L,(23.1±6.0)mmol/L,(3 672±937) U/L,(33.8±3.6) g/L,(106±30)mg/L,(1.4±0.4)g/L,(61±40)g/L at 3 days postoperatively and (77±48) U/L,(52±27) U/L,(20.2±3.5) mmol/L,(3 925±987) U/L,(36.6±2.8) g/L,(125±40) mg/L,(1.7±0.4) g/L,(22± 12) g/L at 7 days postoperatively,showing no statistically significant difference in changing trends of above indicators between groups (F =1.007,2.223,0.579,0.014,0.235,3.533,2.970,2.143,P＞0.05).Results of further analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the levels of ALT,AST and cholinesterase at 7 days postoperatively between groups (t=1.832,2.073,1.899,P＜0.05),and in the levels of prealbumin before operation and at 1,3 and 7 days postoperatively between groups (t =1.698,3.738,3.625,3.178,P＜0.05) and in the levels of transferrin and CRP at 3 and 7 days postoperatively between groups (t=2.917,2.709,1.667,2.990,P＜0.05).(2) Comparisons of postoperative situations between groups:time to initial exsufflation,time of initial defecation,infused volume of exogenous albumin and duration of postoperative hospital stay were respectively (46± 15)hours,(64±16)hours,(23±10)g,(9.2±2.6)days in the PNS group and (55±18)hours,(78±21)hours,(39±25)g,(11.7±5.3) days,with statistically significant differences in the above indicators between groups (t =2.830,4.157,5.044,3.497,P＜0.05).(3) Comparisons of postoperative complications between groups:23 and 33 patients in the PNS and control groups had postoperative complications,showing a statistically significant difference between groups (x2=3.915,P＜0.05).Eight and 17 patients in the PNS and control groups were respectively complicated with peritoneal effusion,with a statistically significant difference between groups (x2 =4.508,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion PNS therapy in the hepatectomy of patients with nutrition risk can effectively improve pre-and post-operative nutrition statuses,reduce liver damage,accelerate recoveries of liver and gastrointestinal functions,reduce complications,shorten duration of postoperative hospital stay and accelerate patients' recovery.
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Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW),and to explore the role of MPV and PDW in the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods This retrospective cohort study included 312 patients with AMI during 2012 to 2014 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University.Patients were divided into ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) group,non ST-elevation myocardial infarction group and low PDW group,high PDW group.Their clinical data and outcomes were analyzed.MPV and PDW were measured successively from admission to day-7 after AMI.The relationship between PDW,MPV and GRACE risk score was further investigated.Results In the STEMI group,the patients were younger (P =0.005),and with higher rates of hyperlipidemia and smoking (P ＜ 0.01).Patients in STEMI group had higher risk of death during hospitalization,compared to NSTEMI (P =0.014).In the high PDW group,the rates of congestion heart failure,cardiogenic shock and Killip ⅣV were higher (P ＜ 0.01;P =0.026;P ＜ 0.01).PDW was significantly associated with mortality of in-hospital,one-year mortality and the risk of re-infarction in one year (r =0.69,P ＜ 0.01;r =0.68,P ＜0.01;r =0.70,P ＜ 0.01).MPV was associated with one-year mortality (r =0.30,P =0.02).Conclusions PDW related to the severity of AMI could predict the risk of in-hospital mortality,one-year mortality and re-infarction.It was helpful to screen out the high-risk patients,so as to make more suitable treatment to improve the prognosis of patients.
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Glycosylation is the key step of the synthesis of GM3 ,its reaction conditions are very harsh ,the stereoselec‐tivities are usually poor ,and the configuration of anomeric carbon is difficult to control .Whetherαglycosidic bond can be con‐structed efficiently in sialylation reactions is an important criteria used to evaluate the reaction quality .Studies of GM3 and de‐rivatives methods generally relates to following areas :the choice of the donor compounds and receptor compounds ,the control of stereoselectivity ,and the development of some new glycosidic reaction catalyst .In recent years ,important progress has been made in this research area .Now ,we predominately make a summary and review on the progress of methods for the synthesis of GM3 and derivatives .
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Postoperative patients who underwent digestive tract reconstruction have a high risk of malnutrition and absorbing bar-rier. Enteral nutrition support can effectively maintain and improve the nutritional status of the human body, shorten hospital stay, and reduce complications. Therefore, the enteral approach is the preferred postoperative means of nutrition support. This article retrospec-tively summarizes the appropriate time to start enteral nutrition support therapy after digestive tract reconstruction, the proper selection of the mode of enteral nutrition support, the different enteral nutrition preparations, and the treatment of postoperative complications.