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The human striatum is essential for both low- and high-level functions and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various prevalent disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). It is known to consist of structurally and functionally divergent subdivisions. However, previous parcellations are based on a single neuroimaging modality, leaving the extent of the multi-modal organization of the striatum unknown. Here, we investigated the organization of the striatum across three modalities-resting-state functional connectivity, probabilistic diffusion tractography, and structural covariance-to provide a holistic convergent view of its structure and function. We found convergent clusters in the dorsal, dorsolateral, rostral, ventral, and caudal striatum. Functional characterization revealed the anterior striatum to be mainly associated with cognitive and emotional functions, while the caudal striatum was related to action execution. Interestingly, significant structural atrophy in the rostral and ventral striatum was common to both PD and SCZ, but atrophy in the dorsolateral striatum was specifically attributable to PD. Our study revealed a cross-modal convergent organization of the striatum, representing a fundamental topographical model that can be useful for investigating structural and functional variability in aging and in clinical conditions.
RESUMEN
The human striatum is essential for both low- and high-level functions and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various prevalent disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). It is known to consist of structurally and functionally divergent subdivisions. However, previous parcellations are based on a single neuroimaging modality, leaving the extent of the multi-modal organization of the striatum unknown. Here, we investigated the organization of the striatum across three modalities-resting-state functional connectivity, probabilistic diffusion tractography, and structural covariance-to provide a holistic convergent view of its structure and function. We found convergent clusters in the dorsal, dorsolateral, rostral, ventral, and caudal striatum. Functional characterization revealed the anterior striatum to be mainly associated with cognitive and emotional functions, while the caudal striatum was related to action execution. Interestingly, significant structural atrophy in the rostral and ventral striatum was common to both PD and SCZ, but atrophy in the dorsolateral striatum was specifically attributable to PD. Our study revealed a cross-modal convergent organization of the striatum, representing a fundamental topographical model that can be useful for investigating structural and functional variability in aging and in clinical conditions.
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Objective@#To analyze the prevalence and related factors of HBV infection among people aged 18 years old and above in Mianyang city.@*Methods@#A total of 260 950 residents, living in Mianyang city more than 6 months, aging 18 years old and above were employed by multi-stage random sampling method from November 2014 to September 2015. Questionnaire survey was conducted on participants using a self-designed questionnaire, including general demographic characteristics, family history of Hepatitis B, history of Hepatitis B vaccination and history of present illness, etc. 5ml blood was collected from all participants, and the blood samples were detected for HBsAg by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The multivariate unconditional logistic regression was performed to identify the related factors of positive HBsAg.@*Results@#Among the 260 950 subjects, 113 184 were males (43.37%), 147 766 were females (56.63%), and the average age was (47.68±17.36) years old. The positive rate of HBsAg was 6.10%(15 822 cases). Subjects who were 25-34 years old (OR=1.23), 35-44 years old (OR=1.26), 45-54 years old (OR=1.23), and 55-64 years old (OR=1.34) were more likely to be HBsAg positive,65 years and older (OR=0.88) were less likely to be, compared with subjects aging 18-24 years old; males were more likely to be HBsAg positive compared with females (OR=1.35); people living in Fucheng district were more likely to be HBsAg positive compared with who living in Jiangyou district(OR=1.91); married people were more likely to be HBsAg positive compared with unmarried ones (OR=1.36); medical staff were less likely to be HBsAg positive compared with non-medical staff (OR=0.61); subjects with a surgery history were more likely to HBsAg positive compared with who without (OR=1.13); subjects with trauma history were more likely to HBsAg positive compared with who without (OR=1.13); people with history of Hepatitis B were more likely to HBsAg positive compared with who without (OR=4.21); people with Hepatitis B vaccination history were less likely to be HBsAg positive compared with who without (OR=0.48); all the P values above were less than 0.05.@*Conclusion@#The positive rate of HBsAg among adults in Mianyang city was very high, and we should pay more attention to people aging between 25 and 64 years old, male, medical staff, with surgery history, trauma history, and a family history of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B vaccination history.
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Objective To understand the mutation characteristics of drug resistance-associated genes rpoB, katG and inhA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains using gene chip method, and evaluate its clinical application value. Methods A total of 76 MTB strains were collected from Shijiazhuang area in 2013 to 2014. Gene chip was used to detect the mutations of rpoB, katG and inhA, and the L-J proportion drug susceptibility test was used as the gold standard to evaluate the overall concordance, sensitivity and specificity of gene chip. The consistency of microarray and phenotypic resistance was evaluated by Kappa test. Results Of all the 76 strains detected, 69 harbored mutations in katG/inhA. The predominant mutation site of katG was 315 codon with the mutation rate of 89.9%(62/69), and 5.8%(4/69) carried mutations at inhA-15(C→T), and 4.3%(3/69)carried combined mutations of katG 315 and inhA-15. The rpoB mutations were detected in 73 strains, of which 64.4%(47/73)carried mutations at codon 531, 15.1%(11/73)at codon 526, 12.3%(9/73)at 516 codon, 1.4%(1/73)at 513 codon, 1.4%(1/73)at 533 codon and 5.5%(4/73)had combined mutations. Compared with results from the L-J proportion method, the sensitivity, specificity and concordance rates of gene chip for RFP were 96.1%(73/76), 100%(50/50)and 97.6%(123/126). The sensitivity, specificity and concordance rates of gene chip for INH were 90.8%(69/76), 100%(50/50)and 94.4%(119/126). The sensitivity, specificity and concordance rates of gene chip for MDR-TB were 86.8%(66/76), 100%(50/50) and 92.1%(116/126). Conclusion The predominant mutation loci of MDR strains in Shijiazhuang area are katG315 and rpoB531. Gene chip is a fast and useful tool for clinical diagnosis of MDR strains.
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Objective To establish the modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid -fast staining method and to investigate the value of modi-fied Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining method of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)with negative sputum specimen.Methods 50 cases of negative sputum pulmonary TB were performed the bronchoalveolar lavage by the fiberoptic bronchoscope before the treatment,at the same time,the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were collected and detected by the two methods of the traditional and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining.The diagnostic positive rates were compared between the two groups.Results The positive rates of the two kinds of acid-fast staining method were 38% and 82% respectively,the difference showing statistical significance(P <0.05 ).Conclusion The modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid can highly improve the positive diagnostic rate of pulmonary TB patients with negative sputum and deserves to be clinically promoted.
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Objective To investigate the alterations of Treg cells , Th17 cells and related cyto-kines in peripheral blood of patients during the early stage of hand-foot-mouth disease ( HFMD) .Methods Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the percentages of Treg cells ( CD4+CD25+Foxp3 T cells) and Th17 cells ( CD3+CD8-IL-17+T cells) in peripheral blood samples collected from 49 patients with severe HFMD , 26 patients with common HFMD and 30 healthy children.The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23 and TGF-β1 in serum samples were measured by ELISA .Results The percentages of Treg cells , ratios of Treg/Th17 cells, serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in patients with HFMD were significantly decreased as compared with those of control group (F=5.580, 6.205, 0.000, 0.014, respectively, P0.05).The levels of IL-6 in serum samples from severe disease group were obviously increased as compared with those of common HFMD group and control group (F=7.318, P<0.05).Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that the levels of Treg , Th17 cells and some related cytokines were varied in peripheral blood of patients dur-ing the early stage of HFMD .Inflammatory responses were enhanced to promote anti-virus activities by sup-pressing Treg cells and stimulating Th17 cells.