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AIM: To explore the characteristics of astigmatism distribution among preschool children from Tongzhou District, Beijing, discuss its categorizations, severity, and the effect on preschoolers' vision, and clarify the influence of cycloplegic refraction on the detection of astigmatism.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, a cluster random sampling method was utilized to assess 1 498 preschool children(2 996 eyes)from Tongzhou District, Beijing. The sample comprised 791 males and 707 females, with 222 children aged 3 to <4 years, 521 children aged 4 to <5 years, 647 children aged 5 to <6 years, and 108 children aged 6 to <7 years. Evaluations included visual acuity, anterior segment, computerized optometry, and cycloplegic refraction.RESULTS:Prior to cycloplegic refraction, the prevalence of astigmatism was found to be 61.88%(927/1498). For post-cycloplegic refraction, this percentage slightly increased to 64.02%(959/1498, P=0.095). Following cycloplegic refraction, the distribution of astigmatism severity was as follows: 51.87%(777/1498)had mild astigmatism, 9.41%(141/1498)had moderate astigmatism, and 2.74%(41/1498)had severe astigmatism. Astigmatism was predominantly with-the-rule across all age groups, with compound hyperopic astigmatism being the most frequent type. In cases of subnormal vision caused by astigmatism: low degree accounted for 9.38%, moderate degree accounted for 25.4%,and high degree accounted for 52.6%.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal a high incidence of astigmatism in preschool children, predominantly in a mild nature. Cycloplegic refraction was observed to have a negligible effect on the rate of astigmatism detection. Moreover, its impact on vision becomes more significant as the degree of astigmatism increases.
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Objective:To understand the attitude, practice status and influencing factors of obstetric medical staff on sexual health care during pregnancy, and to provide reference for carrying out sexual education and training during pregnancy.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire on attitude and practice of obstetric medical staff towards sexual health care during pregnancy was used to investigate 462 obstetric medical staff in Guangdong Province from July to August, 2021,and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results:The attitude score of sexual health care during pregnancy among obstetric medical staff was (29.87 ± 5.96) points, and the practice score was (13.61 ± 1.23) points. Profession and hospital level affected obstetric medical staff′s attitude towards sexual health care during pregnancy ( P<0.05); profession, title and hospital level affected obstetric medical staff′s practice in providing pregnancy sexual health care ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Obstetric medical staff have a negative attitude towards sexual health care during pregnancy, and their active sexual health care behaviors need to be improved. Medical schools and work units need to strengthen the training and management of obstetric-related and reproductive health knowledge and skills to promote the effectiveness of pregnancy sexual education implementation and promotion.
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Objective:To explore the efficiency of a new scoring system of gastric cancer screening for early gastric cancer in health examination population.Methods:The risk score of gastric cancer was assessed based on the new scoring system in health examination population. A notice for further gastroscopy was sent to the medium-risk and high-risk people. Gastroscopy was performed on those who agreed to undergo the examination.Results:From January to April 2019, a total of 5 357 people in health system visited the Physical Examination Center of Shanghai Songjiang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University for health examination. Seven hundred and forty people were classified as medium- and high-risk groups by the new screening system, 576 in medium-risk group, and 164 in high-risk group. Among them, 131 cases (17.70%) came for further gastroscopy, of whom 91 (69.47%) were in the medium-risk group and 40 (30.53%) in the high-risk group. After gastroscopy, 4 cases of gastric cancer and 1 case of esophageal cancer were detected, and both were early cancer. In the medium-risk group, 2 cases (2/91, 2.20%) of early gastric cancer and 1 case (1/91, 1.10%) of early esophageal cancer were found. In the high-risk group, 2 cases (2/40, 5.00%)of early gastric cancer were found. The tumor detection rate of high-risk group (5.00%) was higher than that of medium-risk group (3.30%), but there was no significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Risk stratification with the new scoring system of gastric cancer screening can improve the detection rate of early gastric cancer.
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Objective:To study the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the inflammatory response and polarization of peritoneal macrophages in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).Methods:Thirty Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into control group, ANP group, low-dose (0.5×10 6 cells), medium-dose(1×10 6 cells)and high-dose (2×10 6 cells)BMSCs treatment groups. ANP model was established via the retrograde injection of 1ml/kg 5% sodium taurocholate hydrate into pancreaticobiliary duct. BMSCs were injected via caudal vein 1 h after molding. Tissues of the rat pancreas were taken for pathological examination, and iNOS and ARG1 positive macrophages were detected by immunohistochemistry. The level of amylase, TNF-α, IL-1β and MPO were measured in peripheral blood. Abdominal macrophages were obtained by intraperitoneal perfusion, and TNF-α and iNOS mRNA expression of macrophages were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR; and the dynamic changes of M1(F4/80 + , CCR2 + ) and M2 (F4/80 + , CD 163+ ) macrophages were detected by flow cytometry. Results:The pathological injury of pancreatic tissue in the three treatment groups was obviously less serious than that of ANP group. In ANP group, more iNOS and ARG1 positive macrophages were present in rat pancreatic tissue, while none or only few iNOS and ARG1 positive macrophages were observed in control group and treatment group. The therapeutic effects of medium dose (1×10 6)BMSCs treatment group was significantly better than those of the other two treatment groups, with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05). Compared with ANP group, TNF-α[ (99.5±11.8)ng/L vs (185.5±27.5)ng/L ], IL-1β[ (24.1±3.7)ng/L vs (128.5±66.1)ng/L ], MPO [ (643.8±98.4)ng/L vs (2131.9±261.4)ng/L ], TNF-α (2.16±0.98 vs 6.53±3.45) and iNOS (2.32±1.88 vs 7.37±2.98) mRNA expression in peritoneal macrophages, and the ratio of M1/M2 (1.53±0.10 vs 2.02±0.31)were all greatly decreased, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05), except for blood amylase. All the above indexes in ANP group and the three treatment groups were all significantly higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Intravenous infusion of allogeneic BMSCs can inhibit the M1 type polarization of peritoneal macrophages, reduce the M1/M2 ratio of peritoneal macrophages, and alleviate the inflammatory response in ANP rats.
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Objective To investigatethe effect of LED single wave infrared red light irradiation combined with traditional Chinese medicine iontophoresis on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods During May 2017 and January 2015, 120 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in double lower extremities, hospitalized in the department of endocrinology in our hospital, were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, with 60 cases in each group. The two groups were both treated with conventional interventions including strict control of blood glucose, blood pressure, diet nursing, exercise therapy, foot care and psychological counseling. In addition to the care as done in the control group, the observation group was treated with iontophoresis of traditional Chinese medicine combined with LED single wave infrared red light irradiation for 3 courses, 14 days for each course, The two groups were compared in terms of limb numbness score, dorsal artery blood flow volume, ankle brachial index and score by Toronto clinical scoring symptom before and after intervention. Results The post-treatment score of numbness in the extremities of the observation group was lower than the post-treatment score of the control group as well as the pre-treatment score of the observation group. The post-treatment blood flow of the dorsum of the foot in the observation group was greater than the post-treatment flow in the control group as well as the pre-treatment flow in the observation group and so it is with the ankle brachial index. Conclusions LED single wave infrared red light irradiation combined with traditional Chinese medicine iontophoresis can to a certain extent control and delay the process of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. It can improve the quality of life of patients.
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Objective Investigate the effect of EC50 of propofol target-injection in the different TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) physique types of patients who are in unconscious phase. Methods Depend on the standard protocol of TCM physique types sort and determination, we sorted 60 patients into three groups:Ping He (group A), Yang Xu (group B) and Yin Xu (group C), 20 patients per group. We applied the sequential experiment to measure the minimal EC50 and NI values of propofol when the patients were in the unconscious phase. Results The EC50 of propofol of group A, B and C are 3.85 μg/mL, 4.12 μg/mL and 3.43 μg/mL respectively. 95% confidence intervals of group A, B and C are 3.64 ~ 4.07 μg/mL, 3.92 ~ 4.33μg/mL and 3.26 ~ 3.60 μg/mL respectively. Conclusion There is a correlation between the different TCM physique types and the dosage of propofol target-injection.
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Objective To investigate the effect of isoflurane on the spatial learning and memory in aged mice,and whether this is associated with the changes of Caspase-3 expression and apoptosis in brain.Methods Twenty-four CO57BL/6 aged mice(16 months)were randomly divided into isoflurane treatment group(Iso Group,n=12) and sham control group (Con Group,n=12).Mice in Iso group were exposed to 1% isoflurane in carrying gas of 30% oxygen,balance nitrogen in a warmed,humidified chamber for4 h per day for2 days.For Con group,animals were treated at the same condition with only carrying gas.After anesthetic exposures,behavioral testing was performed using the Morris water maze(MWM),and then changes of Caspase-3 expression and apoptosis in hippocampus CAI,dentate gyrus(DG) and cortex(CX) in brain were determined by using immunofluorecence staining and TUNEL staining.Results In hidden-platform training of MWM,the mean escape latency to platform showed no significant difference between the two groups (F=0.007,P=1.235),but the mice in Iso group showed obviously impaired retention of memory by spending more percentage of time swimming in the probe quadrant as compared to the control animals in the probe test((34.5±5.0)%vs(45.1±4.9)%.P<0.01).There was no significant difference in average swimming speed during the MWM testing trials between the two groups (F=1.537,P=0.241).A few Caspase-3 and apoptosis positive cells were found in hippocampus Cal,DG and CX regious,while no difference was found in the density of positive cells between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion 1% isoflurane repeatedly exposure significantly impaires the spatial reference memory in aged mouses,however does not significantly change the expression of easpase-3 and apoptosis in brain.
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β- N-Acetyl- D-glucosaminidase ( NAGase, EC3.2.1.52) is a composition of the chitinases and cooperates with endo-chitinase and exo-chitinase to disintegrate chitin into N-acetylglucosamine. Pacific White Shrimp (P. vannamei) NAGase is involved in digestion and molting processes. Some pollutants in seawater affect the enzyme activity causing loss of the biological function of the enzyme, which affects the exuviating shell and threatens the survival of the animal. The effects of acetic anhydride on the enzyme activity for the hydrolysis of pNP-NAG have been studied. The results show that acetic anhydride can lead to reversible non-competitive inhibition at appropriate concentrations, and the IC50 is estimated to be 9.0 mmol/L. The equilibrium constants have been determined for acetic anhydride binding with the enzyme and/or the enzymesubstrate complexes. Inhibition kinetics of acetic anhydride on the enzyme has been studied using the kinetic method of the substrate reaction. The results suggest that at pH 6.2, the action of acetic anhydride on the enzyme is first quick equilibrium binding and then slow inhibition. The microscopic rate constants have been determined for inhibition and reactivation. The results show that k + 0 is much larger than k - 0, indicating the enzyme is completely inactivated at sufficiently large modificator concentration.