Current status and prospect of biomarker research for schizophrenia / 中华检验医学杂志

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease. The diagnosis of schizophrenia so far relies heavily on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences by patients, manifestations described by relatives, and abnormal behaviors assessed by psychiatrists. The diagnosis, monitoring of the disease progression and therapy efficacy assessment are challenging due to the lack of established laboratory biomarkers. Based on the current literature, clinical consensus, guidelines, and expert recommendations, this review highlighted evidence-based potential laboratory biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, including genetic biomarkers, neurotransmitters, neurodevelopmental-related proteins, and intestinal flora, and discussed the potential future directions for the application of these biomarkers in this field, aiming to provide an objective basis for the use of these biomarkers in the early and accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and rehabilitation assessment of schizophrenia.

Analysis of pathogens distribution and drug resistance from blood culture in a grade 3 A hospital / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from blood culture specimens in a grade 3A hospital so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of bloodstream infection ,and rational antibacterial drugs use .Methods A total of 3 241 blood culture results in our center from June 2014 to September 2016 were analyzed retrospectively . The blood samples were cultivated with the BacT/ALERT 3D and VersaTrek instruments .The bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted with VITEK‐2 Compact and ARIS 2X instruments .Results Among 3 241 blood culture speci‐mens ,99 strains of pathogenic bateria were isolated with the positive rate of 3 .1% ,including 42(42 .4% ) strains of Gram‐negative bacteria ,54(54 .5% ) strains of Gram‐positive bacteria and 3(3 .0% ) strains of fungus .The top three of Gram‐negative bacteria were in turn Eescherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ;the top three of Gram‐positive bacteria were in turn coagulase‐negative staphylococcus (CNS ) ,Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes .Enterobacteriaceae remained 100 .0% sensitivity to imipenem ,meropenem ,piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin .The resistance rate of Gram‐positive bacterium to vancomycin ,linezolid ,teicoplanin and gentamycin was 0 .0% ,the rest had different degrees of drug resistance .Conclusion Ee‐scherichia coli ,CNS and Staphylococcus aureus are the most frequent pathogenic bacteria of the blood stream infection in our hospi‐tal .Pathogens show different resistance to different kinds of antibacterial agents .Clinic should rationally select the antibacterial a‐gents according to the drug susceptibility test results so as to slow down the generation of drug resistance bacterial strains .

Target-resequencing to identify microRNA-associated SNP and predict the effect of SNP on microRNA function in colorectal cancer patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify SNPs in the miRNA genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and to investigate their association with CRC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNAs were isolated from 30 CRC tumor tissues and 30 tumor-adjacent tissues, and subjected to target capture using a custom miRNA chip covering 685 miRNA genes from NimbleGen. The captured DNAs were then sequenced using the Illumina's sequencing technology, and the data were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We identified 64 SNPs in 43 miRNA genes and most of these SNPs are novel SNPs not reported previously. Prediction of functional consequences of the SNPs using TargetScan and miRSNP showed that SNPs of hsa-mir-1273-G/A, hsa-mir-548h-3-C/U, hsa-mir-1290-A/G, and hsa-mir-1273-C/U resulted in reduction of their mature miRNA abundance. SNPs of hsa-mir-376b-C/G, hsa-mir-604-T/C, hsa-mir-1268-T/G and hsa-mir-146a-C/G resulted in changes in their targeted genes. Finally, we focused on the analysis of SNPs in mir-146a and we found that mir-146a rs1052918 C>G was predicted to promote tumorigenesis via the Wnt signaling pathway.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SNPs in the miRNA genes are important for tumorigenesis. The changes by hsa-mir-146a rs1052918 C>G may result in loss of Wnt, constant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, and uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor progression.</p>

Dynamic monitoring of donor specific antibodies in living-relative renal transplantation and early intervention / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical application of HLA donor specific antibodies (DSAs) detected by Luminex single antigen beads,and to discuss the impact of early intervention on renal function.Method In 64 cases of living-relative renal transplantation,DSA was detected using a Luminex single antigen assay before and after transplantation.The positive recipients were given large doses of intravenous irnmunoglobulin (IVIG) and increased doses of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).The relationship between DSA and renal function was analyzed.Result DSA was negative in all recipients before transplantation.Ten cases of DSA positive recipients were found in HLA mismatch after transplantation.After the intervention,two cases of DSA positive recipients became negative,immunofluorescence intensity was decreased by more than 50％ in 6 cases,and no significant reduction was found in the other two cases.Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) occurred in two cases of intervention ineffective recipients after 3 to 6 months and the renal function was impaired.Conclusion Dynamic monitoring of DSA using Luminex single antigen beads may timely predict changes of renal function.Early application of large doses of IVIG and increasing doses of MMF can reduce the incidence of AMR.