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ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of fine motor skills of school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in different sexes. MethodsFrom April, 2021 to April, 2023, 66 ADHD children from grades one to four in Beijing Haidian Wanquan Primary School were screened by psychiatrists, and other 69 ADHD children were recruited from hospitals and patient groups of WeChat, accounting to 135 ADHD children. Meanwhile, a total of 135 typically developed (TD) children matched with sex and age (< 0.5 year) were recruited from the same primary school as controls. They were assessed with Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) four subtests of manual dexterit. ResultsAfter controlling age, the subtest scores and the total score of fine motor of MABC-2 were less in ADHD boys and girls than in the TD boys and girls (P < 0.05). The main effect of sex was significant on the subtest scores and the total score of fine motor for ADHD children (F > 5.133, P < 0.05), and they were less in the boy than in the girls (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe development of fine motor delays in school-aged ADHD children, especially for the boys.
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Objective:To survey the status quo of job burnout among rural general practitioners and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 2 805 rural general practitioners in three counties in southwest Shandong province were enrolled in the study. The survey was conducted with a basic information questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS). The influencing factors of job burnout were analyzed by Pearson chi-square test (χ2) and binary logistic regression model.Results:A total of 2 272 rural general practitioners completed the survey with a completion rate of 81.0%. The rates of middle or high job burnout in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal sense of achievement were 55.1%(1 251/2 272), 34.0%(772/2 272) and 91.3%(2 075/2 272), respectively. Binary logistic regression model showed that working hours/week ≥ 60 h ( OR=1.341, 95 %CI:1.057-1.702, P<0.05), monthly shift times ≥20 ( OR=1.434, 95 %CI:1.182-1.739, P<0.05), daily consultation time≥13 h ( OR=1.294, 95 %CI:1.055-1.589, P<0.05), daily consultation of 11-20 patients ( OR=1.317, 95 %CI:1.075-1.614, P<0.05), no part-time job ( OR=1.583, 95 %CI:1.201-2.087, P<0.05), insomnia ( OR=2.638, 95 %CI:2.225-3.128, P<0.05), feeling depressed at work ( OR=3.170, 95 %CI:2.661-3.776, P<0.05) were risk factors for emotional exhaustion; participation in public health services ( OR=1.485, 95 %CI:1.155-1.910, P<0.05), being married ( OR=2.273, 95 %CI:1.198-4.313), no part-time jobs ( OR=1.677, 95 %CI:1.276-2.203, P<0.05), insomnia ( OR=1.487, 95 %CI:1.211-1.827, P<0.05), and feeling depressed at work ( OR=1.642, 95 %CI:1.339-2.015, P<0.05) were risk factors for depersonalization; working hours/week ≥ 60 h ( OR=2.089, 95 %CI:1.454-3.002, P<0.05), daily consultation time ≥ 9 h ( OR=2.495, 95 %CI:1.748-3.561, P<0.05), insomnia ( OR=2.061, 95 %CI:1.519-2.796, P<0.05), and feeling depressed at work ( OR=1.894, 95 %CI:1.383-2.593, P<0.05) were risk factors for reduced personal achievement. Protective factors included monthly income ≥3 000 Yuan ( OR=0.589, 95 %CI: 0.353-0.982, P<0.05) and monthly shift of 10-19 times ( OR=0.581, 95 %CI:0.411-0.820, P<0.05). Conclusion:The overall job burnout among rural general practitioners in southwest Shandong province is serious, especially the depersonalization and the reduction of personal sense of achievement. It is suggested to improve the salary, reduce the working intensity, optimize the working hours, and pay attention to their physical and mental health for rural general practitioners to alleviate the current situation of their occupational burnout.