Anti-aging and mechanism of 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol / 药学学报

Magnolol, a hydroquinone containing an allyl side chain, is one of the major active components of magnolia for antioxidation and anti-aging. To enhance the anti-aging activity and improve the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of magnolol, magnolol was reacted with cinnamic acid to obtain 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol by esterification. The anti-aging activity of magnolol 2-O-cinnamate was investigated based on Caenorhabditis elegans model. The results showed that 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol can reduce lipofuscin accumulation in the nematode body, and the effect is better than that of magnolol. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol can extend nematode lifespan, reduce ROS levels in nematodes during normal aging and oxidative stress and improve nematode stress resistance under heat stress and oxidative stress. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol could induce DAF-16 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulate the expression of the sod-3 gene encoding superoxide dismutase in the nematode TJ356 expressing DAF-16 fused with GFP. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol did not improve the survival rate of hsp-16.2 gene deficient nematodes under oxidative stress, indicating that 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol improves stress resistance of nematodes under oxidative stress may be associated with sod-3 and hsp-16.2. Moreover, 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol did not extend the lifespan of daf-16 and age-1 mutants, indicating that age-1 and daf-16 are required for 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol to delay aging. It showed that magnolol 2-O-cinnamic acid has the potential to improve antioxidant capacity and delay aging, and the mechanism may be related to the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway.

Investigating Relationship Between Renal Damage and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Kidney Disease Rats with Blood Stasis Syndrome Based on Combination of Disease and Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of blood stasis syndrome on renal damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) rats, and to explore the relationship between renal syndrome of blood stasis damage and ERS in DKD rats. Method:The 50 Male SD rats of SPF level were selected to establish DKD rat model by high fat and high sugar diet combined with intra-abdominal injection of streptozotocin(STZ). They were randomly divided into normal group, diabetes mellitus group and diabetes mellitus and blood stasis syndrome group（0.05 mg·kg-1）, among which diabetes mellitus and blood stasis syndrome group was prepared by dextran method. The general conditions, hemorheology indexes, 24 h urine protein, serum creatinine and renal pathology of the rats in each group were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis, Western blot and Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR)were used to detect mRNA and protein expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78), activating transcription factor-6(ATF6) and renal fibrosis index fibronectin(FN), and alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA). Result:Compared with normal group, the rats in diabetes mellitus group showed polyphagia, polyuria and weight loss, increased hemorheology index of whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity(P<0.05，P<0.01), increased 24 h urine protein, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen(P<0.01), and increased renal pathology, and increased mRNA and protein expression of GRP78, ATF6, FN and α-SMA(P<0.05，P<0.01). After dextran preparation of blood stasis model. Diabetes mellitus and blood stasis syndrome group increased mortality, signs of change is more obvious in the diabetic group, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, 24 h urine protein ration, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were significantly higher than those in diabetic rats(P<0.01), pathological changes aggravated in the diabetes group. At the same time， mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, ATF6, FN, and α-SMA in renal tissue were significantly higher than those in diabetic mellitus group(P<0.05，P<0.01). Conclusion:Under the combined disease and syndrome model, the blood stasis syndrome may further aggravate the pathological damage of the kidney of DKD rats, and is related to the enhancement of ERS in the kidney of DKD rats.

Herbal Textual Research of Alpinia katsumadai / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Alpinia katsumadai is recorded in Chinese herbal classics of previous dynasties，with a long history of medicinal use and significantly efficacy. This paper made a comprehensive textual research and summarization of the name，origin，distribution of producing areas，genuine producing area，harvesting time，processing method，property and flavor，and treatment functions of A. katsumadai by reviewing the ancient and modern literatures systematically. A. katsumadai has many alias names， such as Doukou，Loukou，Caokou in Chinese. Through the analysis of ancient herbal researches and drawings，it is concluded that there was some disordered uses of A. katsumadai with A. zerumbet and Amomum tsaoko. And the varieties of A. katsumadai have changed in some areas from ancient to present. The original plants of A. katsumadai is Alpinia katsumadai， which belongs to Alpinia of Zingiberaceae in modern textual research. A. katsumadai mainly grows in Lingnan and some other tropical areas； especially， those produced in Hainan have a better quality. The harvest time is usually in summer and autumn when fruits are all ripe. The processing methods of A. katsumadai are various， including heating and bending wrapped with flour， processing slowly with Euodiae Fructus，stir-frying in ancient times，while purifying processing （peeling） is generally used in modern times. A. katsumadai has the effect in invigorating spleen and warming stomach，lower Qi and relieving stagnation-syndrome，drying dampness and driving cold. In modern studies， efforts shall be made to strengthen basic research，establish quantitative standards for processing and digital standard for genuine medicinal materials of A. katsumadai， and deeply explore the compatibility regularity and application of A. katsumadai in ancient prescriptions， in order to ensure the quality and maximize its medicinal value in modern studies.

Genome survey and characteristic analysis of SSR in Callicarpa nudiflora / 中国中药杂志

Callicarpa nudiflora,which is a big brand of Li nationality medicine with Hainan characteristics,has the effects of dissolving stasis,hemostasis,anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. At present,there is a lack of information about the reference genome of C. nudiflora. The study of the genome size,heterozygosity rate and characteristics of SSR of C. nudiflora,can provide an effective basis for the formulation of the whole genome de novo sequencing strategy and development of SSR molecular markers of C. nudiflora. To realize this purpose,high throughput sequencing platform Illumina Hiseq was used to sequence the genome structure of C. nudiflora and K-mer analysis was applied to estimate genome size,repeat sequences and heterozygosity rate. Simple-sequence repeat( SSR) loci that are suitable as markers were identified by MISA software. The results showed the estimated genome size of C. nudiflora was 822. 43 Mb,with a 0. 85% heterozygosity rate and 71. 67% repeats,and the GC content of genome was about 49. 20%. Therefore,C. nudiflora belongs to a complex genome with high heterozygosity and repetition. SSR molecular genetic markers were analyzed in the genome sequence,and a total of 206 049 SSRs were identified,among which mono-nucleotide,di-nucleotide and tri-nucleotide repetitive motifs summed up to 198 993,accounting for 96. 57% of the total SSRs. Among the 2-6 nucleotide repeats,AT/AT,AAT/ATT,AGCC/CTGG,AAAAT/ATTTT and AGATAT/ATATCT have the largest number,respectively. This report represents the first genome-wide characterization of C. nudiflora,and provides a reference for the construction of the library for the fine sequencing of the genome,and a molecular basis for the development of SSR molecular markers as well as for the protection and utilization of gene resources.

Research progress of of long chain noncoding RNA in regulating osteogenic differentiation / 医学研究生学报

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the main progenitor cells of osteoblasts , and are regarded as the seed cells for bone repair and regeneration because of their osteogenic differentiation potential .Promoting the osteogenic differentiation and bone formation is feasible to treat osteoporosis .LncRNAs regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels , influence fundamental biological processes including cell differentiation and organ development , and are closely associated with many diseases including osteoporosis .This paper reviews the research of lncRNA in regulating osteogenic differentiation to provide a new tar -get for bone formation and treatment of osteoporosis .

Caspofungin for preventing fungal infection after kidney transplantation using donation after cardiac death donors: a prospective controlled trial / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Caspofungin, a novel echinocandins systemic antifungal agent, has been shown to exert broad-spectrum antibacterial effect on deep fungal infections, which is superior to or equivalent with the role of amphotericin B, but there is no report on its application for preventing fungal infection after renal transplantation.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the difference in high risk factors of fungal infection after kidney transplantation using donation after cardiac death donors and living-related donor kidney transplantations, and to explore the feasibility and safety of caspofungin to prevent fungal infection after kidney transplantation using donation after cardiac death donors.METHODS: This was a prospective, single-center, controlled trial finished at the Department of Kidney Transplantation,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China. Totally 188 patients undergoing primary kidney transplantation without history of fungal infection and use of antifungal drugs between January 2012 and August 2013 were enrolled, including kidney transplantation with donation after cardiac death donors (n=102, trail group), and kidney transplantation with living-related donors (n=86, control group). The CYP3A5 genotype was determined preoperatively. All patients received tacrolimus+mycophenolate mofetil+prednisone triple immunosuppression after transplantation. The trial group was subjected to caspofungin therapy for 2 weeks. The risk factors for fungal infection in the two groups were compared, and the effects of caspofungin on the tacrolimus concentration, tacrolimus concentration/dose were detected in the recipients with same CYP3A5 genotype recipients at 1 and 2 weeks, and 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The liver and kidney function, adverse events and fungal infections were recorded at different time points. This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinial Trial Registry (Regitration number:ChiCTR-OON-17013342).RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The survival rate of patient/kidney was 98.4% and 97.3% respectively, 97 cases in the trial group and 86 controls competed 6-month follow-up. Preoperative hemodialysis time, hemoglobin value, cold ischemia time, warm ischemia time, intraoperative blood transfusion volume, time of central venous catheter kept in situ,methylprednisolone usage, ATG usage, serum creatinine reduced level at 1 week, thrombocytopenia and duration of postoperative body temperature > 38 ℃ were the risk factors for fungal infection in the trail group relative to the control group. The fungal infection rate in the trial and control groups was 0% and 2.3%, respectively, at 6 months of follow-up.The serum creatinine level in the trail group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 1 month postoperatively (P < 0.05), and the level showed no significant difference between two groups at other time points (P >0.05). After 2 weeks of caspofungin treatment, the concentrations of tacrolimus and tacrolimus concentration/dosage did not differ significantly in different CYP3A5 genotype recipients (P > 0.05). Caspofungin might induce some adverse reactions, especially electrolyte disturbance with an incidence of 21.6%, but there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). These findings imply that kidney transplantation using donation after cardiac death donors presents with various risk factors for fungal infection compared with living-related donor kidney transplantation.Furthermore, caspofungin is effective and safe for preventing fungal infection and has no effect on tacrolimus concentration; therefore, it can be used as a new anti-fungal agent after kidney transplantation.

Treatment conditions of ST-elevation myocardial infarction in 25 public hospitals in Shenzhen / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To understand the treatment circumstance of ST-elevation myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients at public hospitals in Shenzhen.Methods Directed by Public Hospital Administration at Shenzhen Municipality (PHASM) and led by Chest Pain Treatment Quality Control Center at Shenzhen People's Hospital (CPTQCC-SZ),25 public hospitals in Shenzhen, including 15 PCI-capable hospitals and 10 non-PCI-capable hospitals,we investigated on the overall treatment conditions and the STEMI patient treatment situations from October to December 2015 in these hospitals. A regression analysis was performed between a few factors and the success rate of STEMI treatment was reviewed. Results 383 STEMI cases twere registered between October to December 2015 in the 25 public hospitals in Shenzhen,with 324 case treated in PCI-capable hospitals and 59 cases in non-PCI-capable hospitals. There were statistical differences between the PCI-capable hospitals and non-PCI-capable hospital in fields of total number of senior cardiologists (work year ≥ 3 year),total number of beds in general cardiology beds and number of beds in cccu(all P<0.01). There was no difference in the time of obtaining the first ECG at patient arrival between hospitals(P=0.052).Time for laboratory results availability for troporin was significantly shorter in PCI-capable hospital[(25.0±4.2)min vs.(58.0±2.8)min,P=0.002] .Among the PCI-capable hospitals,the mean D-to-B time was 320 minutes, and mean F-to-B time was 380 minutes. In non-PCI-capable hospitals,D-to-N time ranged from 20 to 350 minutes and F-to-N time ranged from 25 to 380 minutes. Conclusions There are gaps among the overall conditions of the public hospitals in Shenzhen. The overall conditions and chest pain treatment conditions of non-PCI-capable hospitals had bigger gaps with PCI-capable hospitals.

Treatment conditions of ST-elevation myocardial infarction in 25 public hospitals in Shenzhen / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To understand the treatment circumstance of ST-elevation myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients at public hospitals in Shenzhen.Methods Directed by Public Hospital Administration at Shenzhen Municipality (PHASM) and led by Chest Pain Treatment Quality Control Center at Shenzhen People's Hospital (CPTQCC-SZ),25 public hospitals in Shenzhen, including 15 PCI-capable hospitals and 10 non-PCI-capable hospitals,we investigated on the overall treatment conditions and the STEMI patient treatment situations from October to December 2015 in these hospitals. A regression analysis was performed between a few factors and the success rate of STEMI treatment was reviewed. Results 383 STEMI cases twere registered between October to December 2015 in the 25 public hospitals in Shenzhen,with 324 case treated in PCI-capable hospitals and 59 cases in non-PCI-capable hospitals. There were statistical differences between the PCI-capable hospitals and non-PCI-capable hospital in fields of total number of senior cardiologists (work year ≥ 3 year),total number of beds in general cardiology beds and number of beds in cccu(all P<0.01). There was no difference in the time of obtaining the first ECG at patient arrival between hospitals(P=0.052).Time for laboratory results availability for troporin was significantly shorter in PCI-capable hospital[(25.0±4.2)min vs.(58.0±2.8)min,P=0.002] .Among the PCI-capable hospitals,the mean D-to-B time was 320 minutes, and mean F-to-B time was 380 minutes. In non-PCI-capable hospitals,D-to-N time ranged from 20 to 350 minutes and F-to-N time ranged from 25 to 380 minutes. Conclusions There are gaps among the overall conditions of the public hospitals in Shenzhen. The overall conditions and chest pain treatment conditions of non-PCI-capable hospitals had bigger gaps with PCI-capable hospitals.

Protective effect of essential oils from Blumea balsamifera on sunburn induced by UVB in mouse skin / 中成药

AIM To study the protective effect of essential oils from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.(BBO) on UVB-induced sunburn in mouse skin and its mechanism of action.METHODS The model for sunburned mouse skin was established by acute UVB irradiation.Essential oils from B.balsamifera were applied to the surface of wound for external use.The pathological changes of sunburned skin tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin HE) staining.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured.The levels of 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in epidermis were detected by ELISA.Additionally,the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),P53 tumor suppressor protein and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC).RESULTS Compared with the model group,treatment with essential oils from B.balsamifera significantly reduced the thickness of epidermis,and the activity of SOD and the contents of MDA,GSH in mouse skin were restored.In addition,the essential oils from B.balsamifera resulted in a significant decrease in levels of 8-OHdG,IL-6 and NF-κB,and an inhibition in expressions of P53 and PCNA.CONCLUSION The essential oils from B.balsamifera can alleviate UVB-induced sunburn.Its mechanism is related to enhanced antioxidant power,inhibited NF-κB signal passway,down-regulated release of IL-6 and reduced levels of 8-OHdG,PCNA.

Metabolic pathway of flavonoids in Blumea balsamifera / 中国中药杂志

To better understand the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids in Blumea balsamifera, and to increase the biosynthesis of flavone and flavonol amount, we carried out this research. Basing on transcriptome information, B. balsamifera flavonoids metabolic pathway was analyzed in KEGG data base. The result demonstrated that two metabolic pathways of flavonoids were found in KEGG data base. They were flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (No.ko00941) that contained 32 genes and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway (No.ko00944) that contained 12 genes. Metabolic pathway of flavonoids in B. balsamifera was similar to that in other plants. Chalcone synthase (CHS) and Chalconeisomerase were much likely to be key enzymes on metabolic pathway of flavonoids in B. balsamifera. HCT was much relevant to biosynthesis of favones.

Analysis of metabolic pathway of terpenoids in Blumea balsamifera / 中国中药杂志

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of active ingredient, the terpenoids metabolic pathway and specific enzymes in Blumea balsamifera are investigated. Basing on transcriptome information, B. balsamifera terpenoids metabolic pathway was analyzed in KEGG data base. Four metabolic pathway of terpenoids were found in KEGG data base. They were terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, monoterpenoid biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, contained 103, 10, 29,59 genes, respectively. Through the analysis of the enzyme and product in the pathway, the result showed that there were 8 kinds of monoterpenes, 3 kinds of diterpenes, 3 kinds of triterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The mainly key enzymes were deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and allyl transferase system. In B. balsamifera, there were relatively few monoterpenes synthetic enzymes, while the type of products was much more than other terpenes. This may be relate to the non-specific catalytic characteristic of monoterpene synthase. It is expected to improve the yield of terpenoids in B. balsamifera by analysis the pathways and regulation the key enzymes.

Application of Sysmex XE-5000 automated hematology analyzer in cell counting of serous cavity effusion / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the application of hematology analyzer in cell counting of serous cavity effusion .Methods Humoral mode of Sysmex XE-5000 automated hematology analyzer and manual microscopy were employed to perform cell counting in 85 samples of serous cavity effusion .Results Compared with the manual method and instrument method ,differences of mononu-clear cells and multinucleated cells of serous cavity effusion showed no statistical significance (P>0 .05) ,while those of leukocytes , erythrocytes were found statistical significance (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Sysmex XE-5000 automated hematology analyzer has advan-tages of simple ,stability and accuracy ,however ,its application in the effusion cell counting can not completely replace the manual microscopy .

ACEI/ARB use among high risk patients with coronary heart disease in China: a cross-sectional study / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study investigated current use of ACEI/ARB among high risk patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in China and factors affecting ACEI/ARB use in these patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This cross-sectional survey was performed between June to December 2007 and May to November 2009 in 51 hospitals from 14 cities. The characteristics of patients with established CHD were collected by electronic questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Only 45.8% high risk CHD patients were taking ACEI/ARB and the ACEI/ARB medication decreased significantly with time after initial CHD diagnosis. ACEI/ARB was taken in 46.1% CHD patients complicated with diabetes mellitus and in 56.3% CHD patients complicated with hypertension. Logistic regression analysis showed that comorbid hypertension was the strongest factor associated with ACEI/ARB use. In addition, male gender, history of myocardial infarction (MI), PCI and the time after initial CHD diagnosis were independent factors affecting the use of ACEI/ARB. Captopril was the most commonly prescribed ACEI in this cohort.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ACEI/ARB is underused in secondary prevention among high risk CHD patients in China. It remains a major challenge for healthcare professionals and policy makers to make efforts on narrowing the gap between evidence and practice.</p>

Clinicopathologic features of hepatic diabetic microangiopathy / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathological features of diabetic microangiopathy in liver and diabetic hepatosclerosis (DHS) of elderly male with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty autopsy cases with T2DM (diabetic group) and contemporary 48 cases, non-diabetic and glucose tolerance abnormal, matched by gender and age (control group) were selected in the study. Cases with the cirrhosis and fibrosis of liver caused by other foregone etiological factors were excluded. The histopathological changes of microangiopathy in liver, hepatic portal areas and hepatic sinusoid were investigated by HE staining, histochemical and immunohistochemical stain methods. The clinical data of diagnostic DHS cases were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Microangiopathy was observed in 54.2% (65/120) cases of diabetic group. Histological features: microangiopathy was found in interlobular arteries (especially in arteriole, the lumen diameter < 100 µm), which included endothelial denudation, eosinophilic material deposition in the tunica intima of artery, and eccentric intimal thickening. The smooth muscle fibers of tunica media were hyperplastic or atrophy. Fibroplasia and collagen deposition were found in the tunica adventitia of artery. Arterial lumina showed stenosis and occlusion. Microangiopathy was seen in 16.7% (8/48) cases of the control group. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ(2) = 19.622, P < 0.01). (2) The fibrosis and sclerosis of portal areas were detected in 55.8% (67/120) cases of T2DM group. Hyaline collagen fiber tissues was deposited around interlobular arteries, interlobular veins and interlobular bile ducts, resulting in enlargement of the portal area and the secondary atrophy and disappearance of portal triad. The fibrosis and sclerosis of portal areas were detected in 22.9% (11/48) cases of the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ(2) = 14.936, P < 0.01). (3) The pathological features of 14.2% (17/120) cases were consistent with the diagnosis of DHS. The fibrous tissue extended from fibrosis or sclerosis of portal areas, or eosinophilic material deposition in the hepatic sinusoid in non-zonal pattern. The results of histochemical staining showed collagen fiber deposition in hepatic sinusoid. Stainings for Collagen IV, SMA, CD34 were found in the hepatic sinusoid. The sclerosis of hepatic sinusoid was not detected in any case in the control group.Overall, 13/17 and 11/17 DHS cases had liver microangiopathy and portal areas sclerosis respectively. Diabetic nephropathy was seen in 10 of 17 DHS cases. Among the 17 cases, 7 cases showed ALP elevation, of which there were 3 cases with ALT and AST mild elevation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Diabetic microangiopathy is common in the liver of elderly men with T2DM. And DHS is associated with diabetic microangiopathy. Fibrosis and sclerosis of portal areas may be the early or concomitant changes of DHS on histological ground. DHS is one of the complications of T2DM.</p>

Cloning and expression regulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase cDNA from Alpinia officinarum / 中国中药杂志

The rhizome of Alpinia officinarum is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine. The essential oil in A. officinarum rhizome is mainly composed of 1, 8-cineole and other monoterpenes, as the major bioactive ingredients. In plants, monoterpenes are synthesized through the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids, and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) is an enzyme catalyzing a committed step of the MEP pathway. In the present study, the full-length cDNA encoding DXR was cloned from the rhizome of A. officinarum, using homology-based RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. The new cDNA was designated as AoDXR and submitted to GenBank to be assigned with an accession number HQ874658. The full-length cDNA of AoDXR was 1 670 bp containing a 1 419 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 472 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 51.48 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.15. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that AoDXR showed extensive homology with DXRs from other plant species and contained a conserved plastids transit peptide, a Pro-rich region and two highly conserved NADPH-binding motifs in its N-terminal region characterized by all plant DXRs. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that AoDXR belonged to angiosperm DXRs. The structural modeling of AoDXR showed that AoDXR had the typical V-shaped structure of DXR proteins. The tissue expression pattern analysis indicated that AoDXR expressed strongly in leaves, weak in rhizomes of A. officinarum. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) could enhance the expression of AoDXR and the production of 1, 8-cineole in A. officinarum rhizomes. The cloning and characterization of AoDXR will be helpful to reveal the molecular regulation mechanism of monoterpene biosynthesis in A. officinarum and provides a candidate gene for metabolic engineering in improving the medicinal quality of A. officinarum rhizome.

Construction of a bait plasmid containing human telomerase RNA mutant in yeast three-hybrid system / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a bait plasmid containing human telomerase RNA with multiple point mutations in a yeast three-hybrid system and evaluate the toxicity of the recombinant bait plasmid.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The primers were designed according to the hTR sequence and the target mutation sites for inducing T-->A mutations at the 41st, the 80th and 102nd nucleotides of the hTR gene using the overlapping extension PCR (OE-PCR) method. The mutant was cloned into PMD18T vector, confirmed by sequencing, sub-cloned into the bait plasmid PRH3' and identified with PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. The recombinant bait plasmid was then transformed into yeast L40 ura3/pHyblex/ZeoMS2 for toxicity test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sequence analysis demonstrated successful introduction of point mutations at the target sites without causing random mutation. The recombined bait plasmid constructed showed no obvious toxicity against the host yeast cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The recombinant plasmid containing the human telomerase RNA mutant (PRH3'-hTRm) has been successfully constructed and can be used as the bait plasmid in yeast three-hybrid system.</p>

Space Mutation Effects of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To study mutagenic effects of spaceflight on physiological and biochemical parameters of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and select high-yield mutants in co-enzyme Q10(CoQ10) production for providing the experimental and theoretical basis for industrial production through mutagenic effects of spaceflight.Methods Variations in stress resistance and CoQ10 production of isolated strains were studied,the strain Rhodobacter sphaeroides was taken back by a recoverable satellite after 15 d flight in space.Results Compared to the control,the strain was characterized by highter NaCl tolerance and higher stress resistance,as well as with broader scope in growth temperature and pH value after spaceflight.The mutant colonies appeared white or pink which was different from their original red.The CoQ10 production of mutant 10 strain was increased by 73.13% much higher than that of control.Conclusion Spaceflight mutagenic effects on Rhodobacter sphaeroides shows to be multi-factor compared to the traditional single-factor mutagenesis methods.It can enhance stress resistance and increase CoQ10 production of isolated strains,and can be utilized in industrial microbial mutagenesis and breeding in the future.

Functional changes of dendritic cells after infection by recombinant retrovirus carrying human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene fragment / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the functional changes of dendritic cells (DCs) after infection by recombinant retrovirus carrying human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene fragment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Interleukin-12 (IL-12) levels in DC culture supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The abilities of DCs infected with recombinant retrovirus carrying hTERT gene (hTERT-DCs) and non-infected DCs (N-DCs) to stimulate allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation were evaluated with mixed leukocytes reaction (MLR), and the surface markers of DCs including CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR were detected by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay was performed with CytoTox 96 non-radioactive cytoxicity assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with N-DCs, hTERT-DCs showed no significant changes in IL-12 secretion and capacity to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes reaction, but had significantly lower CD83 expression. Specific CTLs induced by hTERT-DCs resulted in higher cytotoxicity against telomerase-positive target cells than that against the negative target cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Infection with the recombinant retrovirus carrying hTERT fragment may jeopardize the maturation of DCs, which, however, still retain their capacity to activate and stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and to prime autologous T lymphocytes to generate specific CTL against hTERT.</p>

Clinicopathologic characteristics of metastatic carcinomas to spleen / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of metastatic carcinomas to the spleen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen cases of metastatic carcinoma to the spleen were retrieved from archival clinical, surgical pathology and autopsy records. The demographic data (including sex and age of patients), clinical symptoms, primary sites, tumor histologic types, gross appearance of spleen and growth patterns within the spleen were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 16 patients studied, 12 were males and 4 were females. The male predilection was obvious. The age ranged from 48 to 90 years, the median age 66.5 years. Major clinical symptoms included discomfort in the left upper quadrant, pain, emaciation and loss of appetite. Splenomegaly was noted in some patients and computerized tomography could show space-occupying lesions in the spleen. In general, lung was the most common primary site for splenic metastasis and accounted for 43.8% of all cases (7/16). In male patients, primary lung tumor was found in 50.0% cases (6/12). On the other hand, primary ovarian tumor was commonly seen in females (2/4). Histologically, undifferentiated carcinoma of lung was frequently encountered (25.0%, 4/16), including 3 cases of small cell undifferentiated carcinoma and 1 case of large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. Other histologic tumor types included bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (2 cases), colonic adenocarcinoma (2 cases), ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma (2 cases), and prostatic adenocarcinoma (2 cases). The commonest histologic tumor type found in male patients was pulmonary undifferentiated carcinoma. The growth patterns of metastatic carcinoma in spleen included nodular, diffuse and multinodular. Most cases presented as a single splenic nodule. Sometimes, tumors with high metastatic potential (5/16) showed diffuse and multinodular growth patterns. Examples of these tumors included small cell undifferentiated carcinoma (3 cases), pulmonary adenocarcinoma (1 case) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (1 case).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Metastatic carcinoma to the spleen is rare. Understanding of the clinicopathologic characteristics is helpful in guiding clinical management and pathologic diagnosis.</p>

Correlation of CT perfusion imaging of rat breast cancer with tumor pathological grade and microvascular density / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To study the correlation of CT perfusion imaging ( CTPI) of induced rat breast cancer with tumor pathological grade and microvascular density ( MVD) ,and the diagnostic value of CTPI for breast cancer. Methods Breast cancer was induced in 35 Wister male rats with intragastric 7,12-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ( DMBA) treatment. Routine breast CT scanning and CTPI were performed. After processed at a workstation,CTPI parameters were obtained including blood flow ( BF) ,blood volume ( BV) ,mean transit time ( MTT) ,permeability surface ( PS) ,and time density curve ( TDC). The rats were sacrificed and breast tumor tisue samples were collected. Breast tumor tisue samples were stained with HE and factor Ⅷ-related antigen immunohistochemistry to observe the pathological type and MVD of tumor. Results Breast tumor was successfully induced in 30 rats ( including 8 with breast hyperplasia and 22 with breast cancer). The BF and BV were higher in rats with breast cancer than in those with breast hyperplasia 151. 72 ? 93. 43 vs 42. 96 ? 32. 42 ml/( min.100 g) ,9. 55 ? 7. 88 vs 2. 17 ? 1. 36 ml/100 g,P 0. 05). The positive correlation of MVD with BF,BV and PS was increased with the decreased tumor differentiation with a correlation coefficient of 0. 701,0. 441 and 0. 521,respectively ( P