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Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death different from other cell death pathways such as apoptosis,autophagy,necrosis,and pyroptosis in terms of initiation,mechanisms,and molecular characteristics.As the accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides is the hallmark of ferroptosis,the balance between oxidative damage and antioxidant defense is critical to the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis.In cancer,the upregulation of antioxidant defense pathways can inhibit ferroptosis,thereby promoting cancer cells to survive the oxidative stress and develop drug resistance.This review systematically introduces the main features and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis.In addition,we summarize the role of ferroptosis in the progression and drug resistance of malignant tumors,providing novel implications for further research on the pathogenesis of malignant tumors and discovery of new targets for anti-cancer therapy.
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Humanos , Ferroptosis , Antioxidantes , Apoptosis , Neoplasias , AutofagiaRESUMEN
Objective: To investigate the success rate and safety of modified Seldinger technique (MST) in implementing jugular vein catheterization under ultrasound-guided. Methods: 300 patients who prepared to receive jugular vein catheterization were divided into observation group (n=150 ) and control group (n=150). The patients of observation group were implemented jugular vein catheterization by using MST under ultrasound-guided, and that of control group were implemented conventional technique to achieve jugular vein catheterization. The effect of jugular vein catheterization, complication and satisfaction of patients between the two groups were compared and researched. Results: The success rates of catheterization in one time and total catheterization of observation group were significantly higher than that of control group (t=4.925, t=4.623, P<0.05). The puncture time of observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=10.432, P<0.05). The incidences of bleeding at puncture point, phlebitis, catheter-related infection, and blocked catheter of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=5.684, t=5.556, t=4.623, t=4.624, P<0.05), respectively. For puncture, the satisfaction of patients of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (Z=-2.734, P<0.05). Besides, the incidence of venous thrombosis and unplanned extubation of the observation group was not significant difference with that of the control group. Conclusion:The jugular vein catheterization by using MST under ultrasound-guided can significantly increase the success rate of catheterization, reduce puncture complications and enhance satisfaction of patient.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a main reason for paclitaxel (TAX) treatment failure. Indirubin-3'-monoxime (IRO) and Matrine are traditional Chinese medicines, which may reverse the resistance of tumor cells to some chemotherapy drugs, but the relationship between paclitaxel resistance and Matrine is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the potential molecular mechanism of IRO and Matrine in reversal of TAX resistance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, MTT assay was used to measure the non-cytotoxic dosage of IRO and Matrine on NCI-H520/TAX25 cells and determine the reversal extent of TAX resistance under non-toxic doses. In addition, RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the mRNA expression and the protein level of survivin, Oct-4, and Sox-2 in NCI-H520/TAX25 cells using semi-quantitative methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no obvious inhibition on sensitive cell strains and drug-resistant strains, when the final concentration was at lest 4 µmol/L for IRO and 100 µmol/L for Matrine. So 4 µmol/L of IRO and 100 µmol/L of Matrine were considered as the reversal dosage. When 4 µmol/L of IRO or 100 µmol/L of Matrine were used together with TAX, the sensitivity to TAX increased evidently in NCI-H520/TAX2 cells; the reversal rate of IRO and Matrine was about 1.92 (43.56/22.6 nmol/L) and 1.74 (43.56/25.0 nmol/L), respectively. The mRNA expression and the protein level of survivin, Oct-4, and Sox-2 in NCI-H520/TAX25 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after addition of IRO or Matrine in TAX treatment, compared to that of TAX treatment alone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The decrease in both mRNA expression and protein level of survivin, Oct-4, and Sox-2 might be the molecular mechanism, by which IRO and Matrine mediate the reversal of TAX resistance.</p>
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Humanos , Alcaloides , Farmacología , Western Blotting , Línea Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Indoles , Farmacología , Proteínas Inhibidoras de la Apoptosis , Genética , Metabolismo , Factor 3 de Transcripción de Unión a Octámeros , Genética , Metabolismo , Oximas , Farmacología , Paclitaxel , Farmacología , Quinolizinas , Farmacología , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1 , Genética , MetabolismoRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) on TIP30 gene expression and the relationship between TIP30 expression and the sensitivity to 5-fluouracil (5-Fu) in colorectal cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The methylation profile of TIP30 gene in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells was determined by methylation-specific PCR. The levels of TIP30 mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot after the 5-Aza-dC treatment. MTT assay was used to detect the chemosensitivity of HCT116 cells to 5-Fu.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TIP30 gene displayed complete DNA methylation in the HCT116 cells without 5-Aza-dC pretreatment. After the 5-Aza-dC treatment for 3 days, only demethylating PCR amplification product was detected and TIP30 gene showed DNA demethylation. With the prolongation of the time of removal of 5-Aza-dC treatment, methylated and demethylated PCR amplification products were observed and TIP30 gene displayed both DNA methylation and DNA demethylation in the colorectal cancer cells. At the day 10 after removal of 5-Aza-dC, methylating PCR amplification product appeared and TIP30 gene showed DNA methylation. No expressions of TIP30 mRNA and protein were detected in the HCT116 cells untreated with 5-Aza-dC. After the treatment of 5-Aza-dC for 3 d and then removed the 5-Aza-dC, the expressions of TIP30 mRNA and protein were increased obviously. With the prolonged time after 5-Aza-dC removal, the expressions of TIP30 mRNA and protein decreased and reached the lowest level on day 10. The IC50 values of 5-Fu were 41.62, 33.17 and 4.96 µg/ml in the HCT116 cells pretreated with 5-Aza-dC, d0 and d10 with the drug removal after drug treatment for 3 d, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of this study show that the expression of TIP30 gene may be associated with its DNA methylation status and may affect the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-Fu.</p>
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Humanos , Acetiltransferasas , Genética , Metabolismo , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos , Farmacología , Azacitidina , Farmacología , Proliferación Celular , Islas de CpG , Genética , Metilación de ADN , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Fluorouracilo , Farmacología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Células HCT116 , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , ARN Mensajero , Metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción , Genética , MetabolismoRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discern the differences between femoral neck anteversion (FNA) and torsion angle through 3D CT reconstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2010 to October 2010,30 healthy adult volunteers' femur were reconstructed by 3D CT, included 15 males and 15 females with an average age of (43.66 +/- 7.57) years old ranging from 25 to 65 years. Display the FNA and the torsion angle by image post-processing, measuring torsion angle by "Center way" and direct measurement of FNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>FNA was the angle between the axle wire of femoral neck and the shape face of femoral,the angle were (13.326 +/- 6.085) degrees. Torsion angle was the angle between the macropinacoid of cross section of femoral neck and the shape face of femoral, the angle were(31.335 +/- 2.079) degrees. There was no significant difference in left and right femur.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FNA is different from torsion angle. FNA is the angle between the line and the surface with the sharp angle towards the lower outside. The torsion angle is the angle between the two surfaces with the sharp angle towards the lower back.</p>
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Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuello Femoral , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Imagenología Tridimensional , Métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , MétodosRESUMEN
The study was purposed to explore the effect and mechanisms of decitabine and/or Trichostatin A (TSA) on SKM-1 cells in vitro. The effect of decitabine and/or TSA on proliferation of SKM-1cells was analyzed with trypan blue exclusion; the differentiation of SKM-1 cells was detected by nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and flow cytometry; the apoptosis of cells was measured by Annexin V-FITC; the mRNA expression of Fas, survivin and P15(INK4B) in cells treated with decitabine and/or TSA was evaluated by RT-PCR. The results showed that decitabine and/or TSA were capable of inhibiting SKM-1 cell growth and promoting cell differentiation; they stimulated the expression of CD14 and CD11b and inhibited HLA-DR expression; meanwhile and decitabine or/and TSA could induce cell apoptosis, up-regulate mRNA expression of Fas and P15(INK4B), and down-regulate survivin mRNA expression. It is concluded that decitabine can induce apoptosis/differentiation of SKM-1 cells, whose mechanisms may related to the expression of Fas, survivin and P15(INK4B). Decitabine has the synergistic effect with TSA.
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Humanos , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos , Farmacología , Apoptosis , Azacitidina , Farmacología , Diferenciación Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Ácidos Hidroxámicos , Farmacología , Proteínas Inhibidoras de la Apoptosis , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos , Genética , Metabolismo , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos , Patología , Receptor fas , Genética , MetabolismoRESUMEN
To investigate the molecular mechanism of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor activation in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts, the expressions of cell signal transduction-associated genes were studied by using cDNA microarray. Cardiac fibroblasts of adult Sprague-Dawley rats (230~250 g) were isolated and cultured. The cells were divided into 4 groups: Ang II, Ang II + losartan, Ang II + PD123319, Ang II + losartan + PD123319. The expressions of Ang II receptors were studied by immunohistochemical staining. Total RNA was extracted and purified. After cDNA synthesis and biotin-16-dUTP labeling, the probes were denatured and hybridized with GEArray Q Series mouse G Protein-coupled Receptors Signaling Pathway Finder Gene Array (MM-025) containing 96 genes associated with 11 pathways. The arrays were scanned with a Uniscand1000 scanner and further analyzed with GEArray Analyzer software. RT-PCR was used to further confirm the results of gene microarray. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptor was evidently induced by Ang II stimulation when Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor was blocked. The results of gene array indicated that blocking AT1 receptor changed 34 genes (more than 2 folds), 30 were down-regulated and 4 were up-regulated. The maximum change was not beyond 20 folds. The following 9 pathways were activated: cAMP/PKA, Ca2+, PKC, PLC, MAPK, PI-3 kinase, NO-cGMP, Rho, NF-kappaB pathways. Blockade of AT2 receptor caused 64 genes changing more than 2 folds (48 were down-regulated and 16 were up-regulated). Eleven pathways were basically activated. The change of the following 7 genes was over 30 folds: Cyp19a1 (37 folds), Il1r2 (42 folds), Cflar (53 folds), Bcl21 (31 folds), Pik3cg (278 folds), Cdkn1a (90 folds), Agt (162 folds). According to the activated extent, the signal transduction pathways in turn were PI-3 kinase, NF-kappaB and JAK-STAT pathways. Blocking both AT1 and AT2 receptors changed 46 genes more than 2 folds (36 were down-regulated and 10 were up-regulated). Eleven pathways were basically activated. The results of RT-PCR of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha confirmed the observations in gene microarray. Our results show that Ang II can induce a high expression of AT2 receptor in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts when AT1 receptor is blocked, and the signal mechanism of AT2 receptor is clearly different from that of AT1 receptor.
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Animales , Ratas , Angiotensina II , Farmacología , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina , Farmacología , Fibroblastos , Metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Imidazoles , Farmacología , Losartán , Farmacología , Miocardio , Biología Celular , Piridinas , Farmacología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor de Angiotensina Tipo 1 , Metabolismo , Receptor de Angiotensina Tipo 2 , Metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
To identify up-regulated genes in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts (CF) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed between the CF stimulated by Ang II (tester) and unstimulated CF (driver) to generate subtractive cDNA library. The library was screened with dot blots hybridization to further verify the differentially expressed cDNA clones. Partial positive clones (19 up-regulated genes) were sequenced and BLAST analyzed. Twelve up-regulated genes related to extracellular matrix, cell cycle, intracellular signal transduction, cell cytoskeleton, cell metabolism and 7 new expressed sequence tags (EST) were acquired (GenBank accession number: CN382808, CN382809, CN382810, CN382811, CN382812, CN382813, CN382814). Our data reveal that SSH is a powerful technique of high sensitivity for the detection and cloning of up-regulated genes expressed in CF induced by Ang II, which may be helpful to clarify the mechanism of cardiac remodeling.